Disease or Syndrome
nephronophthisis
Definitions related to nephronophthisis:
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Presence of cysts at the corticomedullary junction of the kidney in combination with tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)The Human Phenotype Ontology Project, 2021
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Progressive tubulointerstitial injury, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, caused by mutations in genes involved in ciliary function, which may result in an end stage renal failure.NCI ThesaurusU.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
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The nephronophthisis (NPH) phenotype is characterized by reduced renal concentrating ability, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, cystic renal disease, and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) before age 30 years. Three age-based clinical subtypes are recognized: infantile, juvenile, and adolescent/adult. Infantile NPH can present in utero with oligohydramnios sequence (limb contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, and facial dysmorphisms) or postnatally with renal manifestations that progress to ESRD before age 3 years. Juvenile NPH, the most prevalent subtype, typically presents with polydipsia and polyuria, growth retardation, chronic iron-resistant anemia, or other findings related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertension is typically absent due to salt wasting. ESRD develops at a median age of 13 years. Ultrasound findings are increased echogenicity, reduced corticomedullary differentiation, and renal cysts (in 50% of affected individuals). Histologic findings include tubulointerstitial fibrosis, thickened and disrupted tubular basement membrane, sporadic corticomedullary cysts, and normal or reduced kidney size. Adolescent/adult NPH is clinically similar to juvenile NPH, but ESRD develops at a median age of 19 years. Within a subtype, inter- and intrafamilial variability in rate of progression to ESRD is considerable. Approximately 80%-90% of individuals with the NPH phenotype have no extrarenal features (i.e., they have isolated NPH); ~10%-20%...GeneReviewsUniversity of Washington, 2021
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A chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy that progresses to end-stage renal failure.National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
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