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Molecular Neurobiology Sep 2019Currently there are 850,000 people with Alzheimer's disease in the UK, with an estimated rise to 1.1 million by 2025. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the...
Currently there are 850,000 people with Alzheimer's disease in the UK, with an estimated rise to 1.1 million by 2025. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain causing a progressive decline in cognitive impairment. Small non-coding microRNA (miRNA) sequences have been found to be deregulated in the peripheral blood of Alzheimer patients. A systematic review was conducted to extract all miRNA found to be significantly deregulated in the peripheral blood. These deregulated miRNAs were cross-referenced against the miRNAs deregulated in the brain at Braak Stage III. This resulted in a panel of 10 miRNAs (hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-26b, hsa-mir-30e, hsa-mir-34a, hsa-mir-485, hsa-mir200c, hsa-mir-210, hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-34c, and hsa-mir-125b) hypothesised to be deregulated early in Alzheimer's disease, nearly 20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. After network analysis of the 10 miRNAs, they were found to be associated with the immune system, cell cycle, gene expression, cellular response to stress, neuron growth factor signalling, wnt signalling, cellular senescence, and Rho GTPases.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 30734227
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1500-y -
Current Alzheimer Research 2019In recent years, several reviews have addressed the effectiveness of dance therapy in dementia, healthy older adults, or the elderly in general. However, reviews...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, several reviews have addressed the effectiveness of dance therapy in dementia, healthy older adults, or the elderly in general. However, reviews regarding the effect of this therapy exclusively on patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease have not been found.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to review the available literature describing clinical trials which explore the effects of dancing on psychological and physical outcomes, functionality, cognitive function, and quality of life in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. In addition, this review aims to assess the quality of studies that perform dance therapy interventions in these patients.
METHODS
This study is a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials regarding the effect of intervention including a dancing activity in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
RESULTS
In total, the evidence for this review rests on 12 studies with a total of 349 participants. The findings of this mini-review confirm the positive effect of dance therapy on physical and cognitive function, functionality, psychological outcomes, and quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease.
CONCLUSION
Most of the studies implementing dance as part of the therapeutic treatment has shown to improve or slow the worsening in the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. Future research focused on these patients should use a more exhaustive methodology and make a more detailed description of these kind of interventions.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Dance Therapy; Humans; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31345149
DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190725151614 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jun 2022The potential of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease has greatly stimulated interest in the development of minimally invasive testing for early... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The potential of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease has greatly stimulated interest in the development of minimally invasive testing for early identification of at-risk individuals. Accordingly, identification of blood-based biomarkers is paramount. The recent discovery of plasma phosphorylated at threonine217 (p-tau217) may provide a turning point in Alzheimer's disease detection. This systematic review aims to evaluate the available evidence on the use of plasma p-tau217 as a marker to predict Alzheimer's disease and to monitor disease progression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. In total, 676 publications were identified, of which 16 were in accordance with the pre-defined eligibility criteria.
RESULTS
Current evidence shows that plasma p-tau217 is a sensitive maker of the clinical manifestation and progression of Alzheimer's disease and of pathological changes associated with this condition, including amyloid accumulation, tau burden, brain atrophy and physical degradation. Moreover, given that plasma p-tau217 does not predict such changes in patients with other neurodegenerative disorders, plasma p-tau217 is also specific to Alzheimer's disease.
CONCLUSION
More large, diverse community studies are needed to harmonize plasma p-tau217 measurements and to determine widely applicable diagnostic cut-off values.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; tau Proteins
PubMed: 35341762
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.018 -
Revista de Neurologia Dec 2017Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which involves, among other manifestations, a progressive deterioration of memory and language, as well as...
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which involves, among other manifestations, a progressive deterioration of memory and language, as well as behavioral disorders. In addition to non-curative pharmacological therapies, for the last years, music therapy has been developed as an effective non-pharmacological therapy in order to relieve many of these manifestations.
AIM
To analyze the recent scientific evidence about the effect of music therapy on cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A systematic review has been carried out by means of a bibliographical research using the database PubMed and Science Direct. The key words used for this search were 'Alzheimer's disease' and 'music therapy', as well as the boolean operator 'AND'. We selected those publications between January 2006 and December 2016 and after inclusion criteria, 21 publications were selected.
RESULTS
This systematic review has demonstrated the beneficial impact of music therapy on cognition (memory, attention, language), emotion and behavior (anxiety, depression and agitation) in AD patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Music therapy constitutes a non-pharmacological therapy effective for some cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD. However, further investigations and more evidence in this field are needed to claim conclusively the impact of music therapy on this disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Behavior; Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Language; Memory; Music Therapy; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29235615
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Clinical Chemistry 2023There is a need for blood biomarkers to detect individuals at different Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages because obtaining cerebrospinal fluid-based biomarkers is...
There is a need for blood biomarkers to detect individuals at different Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages because obtaining cerebrospinal fluid-based biomarkers is invasive and costly. Plasma phosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau) have shown potential as such biomarkers. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and aimed to determine whether quantification of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), threonine 217 (p-tau217) and threonine 231 (p-tau231) is informative in the diagnosis of AD. All p-tau isoforms increase as a function of Aβ-accumulation and discriminate healthy individuals from those at preclinical AD stages with high accuracy. P-tau231 increases earliest, followed by p-tau181 and p-tau217. In advanced stages, all p-tau isoforms are associated with the clinical classification of AD and increase with disease severity, with the greatest increase seen for p-tau217. This is also reflected by a better correlation of p-tau217 with Aβ scans, whereas both, p-tau217 and p-tau181 correlated equally with tau scans. However, at the very advanced stages, p-tau181 begins to plateau, which may mirror the trajectory of the Aβ pathology and indicate an association with a more intermediate risk of AD. Across the AD continuum, the incremental increase in all biomarkers is associated with structural changes in widespread brain regions and underlying cognitive decline. Furthermore, all isoforms differentiate AD from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, making them specific for AD. Incorporating p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in clinical use requires further studies to examine ideal cut-points and harmonize assays.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Biomarkers; Cognitive Dysfunction; Protein Isoforms; tau Proteins; Threonine
PubMed: 37852722
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.05.001 -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Jul 2023The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has potential relevance for clinical identification and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, eight databases (including CNKI,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has potential relevance for clinical identification and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, eight databases (including CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Web of Science) were employed to search for studies on IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway and its association with AD. Totally, 15 articles were included, of which 5 studies investigated the connection between IL-33 gene polymorphisms and AD, 4 studies explored the serum IL-33 and sST2 levels in patients with AD and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the exact mechanisms underlying IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in AD were explored in 6 studies. Then, the RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis, and the related studies were systematically reviewed. The results of the meta-analysis showed that serum IL-33 levels were higher in patients with AD and MCI than in healthy controls (HC), with serum IL-33 levels in AD patients significantly higher than in MCI patients (SMD = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.51; P = 0.04). Compared with HC, the sST2 level was significantly higher in AD patients (SMD = 1.23, 95 % CI: 0.93, 1.53; P < 0.00001) and tended to elevate in patients with MCI. The systematic review indicated that there is a significant relationship between IL-33 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to AD; The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be one of the future treatment targets for AD. Our study provides evidence to prove that serum IL-33 and sST2 have potential clinical application value as biomarkers for identifying AD.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Interleukin-33; Cognitive Dysfunction; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37172376
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107773 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jun 2023Chemokines, which are chemotactic inflammatory mediators involved in controlling the migration and residence of all immune cells, are closely associated with brain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Chemokines, which are chemotactic inflammatory mediators involved in controlling the migration and residence of all immune cells, are closely associated with brain inflammation, recognized as one of the potential processes/mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment. We aim to determine the chemokines which are significantly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as the respective effect sizes, by performing a meta-analysis of chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (plasma or serum).
METHODS
We searched three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane library) for studies regarding chemokines. The three pairwise comparisons were as follows: AD vs HC, MCI vs healthy controls (HC), and AD vs MCI. The fold-change was calculated using the ratio of mean (RoM) chemokine concentration for every study. Subgroup analyses were performed for exploring the source of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Of 2338 records identified from the databases, 61 articles comprising a total of 3937 patients with AD, 1459 with MCI, and 4434 healthy controls were included. The following chemokines were strongly associated with AD compared with HC: blood CXCL10 (RoM, 1.92, p = 0.039), blood CXCL9 (RoM, 1.78, p < 0.001), blood CCL27 (RoM, 1.34, p < 0.001), blood CCL15 (RoM, 1.29, p = 0.003), as well as CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.19, p < 0.001). In the comparison of AD with MCI, there was significance for blood CXCL9 (RoM, 2.29, p < 0.001), blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 0.77, p = 0.017), and blood CCL1 (RoM, 1.37, p < 0.001). Of the chemokines tested, blood CX3CL1 (RoM, 2.02, p < 0.001) and CSF CCL2 (RoM, 1.16, p = 0.004) were significant for the comparison of MCI with healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
Chemokines CCL1, CCL2, CCL15, CCL27, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CX3CL1 might be most promising to serve as key molecular markers of cognitive impairment, although more cohort studies with larger populations are needed.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Encephalitis; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37291639
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01254-1 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Mar 2024Epilepsy and dementia are bidirectional. The purpose of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of and to identify the risk factors for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Epilepsy and dementia are bidirectional. The purpose of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of and to identify the risk factors for epilepsy in patients with dementia and dementia in patients with epilepsy.
METHODS
We retrieved the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases through January 2023. Two individuals screened the articles, extracted the data, and used a random effects model to pool the estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
From 3475 citations, 25 articles were included. The prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 4% among dementia patients and 3% among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. For vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, the pooled period prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 6%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. Baseline early-onset AD was associated with the highest risk of 5-year epilepsy (pooled hazard ratios: 4.06; 95% CI: 3.25-5.08). Dementia patients had a 2.29-fold greater risk of seizures/epilepsy than non-dementia patients (95% CI: 1.37-3.83). Moreover, for baseline epilepsy, the pooled prevalence of dementia was 17% (95% CI: 10-25%), and that of AD was 15% (95% CI: 9-21%). The pooled results suggested that epilepsy is associated with a greater risk of dementia (risk ratio: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.64-4.88).
CONCLUSIONS
There are still gaps in epidemiology regarding the correlation between dementia types and epilepsy, vascular risk factors, and the impact of antiseizure medication or cognitive improvement drugs on epilepsy and AD comorbidity.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy; Alzheimer Disease; Lewy Body Disease; Comorbidity; Seizures
PubMed: 38301455
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109640 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Feb 2024Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a novel noninvasive ultrasonic brain stimulation that can increase cortical and corticospinal excitability, induce...
BACKGROUND
Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a novel noninvasive ultrasonic brain stimulation that can increase cortical and corticospinal excitability, induce neuroplasticity, and increase functional connectivity within the brain. Several trials have confirmed its potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect and safety of TPS on AD.
DESIGN
A systematic review.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), and WanFang were searched from inception to April 1, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the studies were conducted by two reviewers independently, with any controversy resolved by consensus. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies was used to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS
Five studies were included in this review, with a total of 99 patients with AD. For cognitive performance, TPS significantly improved the scores of the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) test battery, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (cognitive), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Mini-Mental Status Examination. For depressive symptoms, TPS significantly reduced the scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (affective), Geriatric Depression Score, and Beck Depression Inventory. By functional magnetic resonance imaging, studies have shown that TPS improved cognitive performance in AD patients by increasing functional connectivity in the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, and parietal cortex, and activating cortical activity in the bilateral hippocampus. TPS alleviated depressive symptoms in AD patients by decreasing functional connectivity between the ventromedial network (left frontal orbital cortex) and the salience network (right anterior insula). Adverse events in this review, including headache, worsening mood, jaw pain, nausea, and drowsiness, were reversible and lasted no longer than 1 day. No serious adverse events or complications were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
TPS is promising in improving cognitive performance and reducing depressive symptoms in patients with AD. TPS may be a safe adjunct therapy in the treatment of AD. However, these findings lacked a sham control and were limited by the small sample size of the included studies. Further research may be needed to better explore the potential of TPS.
PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Patients and the public were not involved in this study.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hippocampus; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 37469252
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14372 -
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Nov 2016Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest an association between anesthesia and cognitive disorders ranging from postoperative chronic dysfunction to Alzheimer's... (Review)
Review
Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest an association between anesthesia and cognitive disorders ranging from postoperative chronic dysfunction to Alzheimer's disease. Recent clinical insights are summarized in this paper. Areas covered: This systematic review was conducted and written in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review database. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS was accomplished according to a written protocol that included: clinical trials on humans, articles in English, papers published between April 2010 and February 2016 and complete studies. Expert commentary: There is a growing interest in establishing the possible relationship between anesthesia and the onset and progression of cognitive disorders. Further studies are required to determine the methods of monitoring anesthesia in older adults with dementia undergoing surgical procedures.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anesthesia; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 27329271
DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1203256