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Brain and Behavior Aug 2023Numerous studies have described the positive effects of action observation therapy (AOT) on motor recovery among patients with stroke. However, there is no standardized... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have described the positive effects of action observation therapy (AOT) on motor recovery among patients with stroke. However, there is no standardized procedure for when and how to intervene with AOT.
OBJECTIVES
Thus, we reviewed and analyzed previous studies to provide a guideline for the application of AOT in stroke rehabilitation.
METHOD
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception to October 31 2022, using title and abstract search terms of "action observation" and "stroke" or "hemiplegia." Of 4108 potential articles, 29 articles (sample size = 429 in AOT groups; sample size = 423 in control groups) that met inclusion criteria were included in final analyses.
RESULTS
The results suggested starting adjuvant AOT > 23 days after stroke onset and conducting 30-40 min/session, 3-5 times/week for at least 4 weeks.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, many factors will impact the effect of AOT on stroke rehabilitation, when to apply (timing) and how to apply (frequency, single, and total duration) should be fully considered when applying AOT as adjuvant therapy in stroke rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Stroke Rehabilitation; Activities of Daily Living; Behavior Observation Techniques; Photic Stimulation; Movement; Gait
PubMed: 37480161
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3157 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Apr 2016To undertake a systematic review on the current knowledge regarding patient movement detection and patient motion artefacts related to cone beam computed tomography... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To undertake a systematic review on the current knowledge regarding patient movement detection and patient motion artefacts related to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of the dentomaxillofacial region.
METHODS
The MEDLINE (PubMed) bibliographic database was searched for a period up to June 2015 for studies evaluating patient movement and/or motion artefacts in CBCT. The search strategy was restricted to English language publications using the following combined terms: (movement OR motion) AND (CBCT OR cone beam CT).
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded eight publications, which qualitatively or quantitatively evaluated patient movement and/or patient motion artefacts in CBCT.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature suggests that patient movement usually presents itself in CBCT images as stripe-like and ring-like patterns, double bone contours, and overall lack of sharpness. Studies monitoring patients during CBCT examination reported a prevalence of movement in approximately 20% of the cases, and studies based on image artefact recognition to define patient movement reported prevalence as high as 41.5%. There seems to be a consensus on the fact that young patients (children and adolescents) often move during the examination.
Topics: Artifacts; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Head Movements; Humans
PubMed: 26972541
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.11.019 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jul 2015Microtechnology has allowed sport scientists to understand the locomotor demands of various sports. While wearable global positioning technology has been used to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Microtechnology has allowed sport scientists to understand the locomotor demands of various sports. While wearable global positioning technology has been used to quantify the locomotor demands of sporting activities, microsensors (i.e. accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers) embedded within the units also have the capability to detect sport-specific movements.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which microsensors (also referred to as inertial measurement units and microelectromechanical sensors) have been utilised in quantifying sport-specific movements.
METHODS
A systematic review of the use of microsensors and associated terms to evaluate sport-specific movements was conducted; permutations of the terms used included alternate names of the various technologies used, their applications and different applied environments. Studies for this review were published between 2008 and 2014 and were identified through a systematic search of six electronic databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Articles were required to have used athlete-mounted sensors to detect sport-specific movements (e.g. rugby union tackle) rather than sensors mounted to equipment and monitoring generic movement patterns.
RESULTS
A total of 2395 studies were initially retrieved from the six databases and 737 results were removed as they were duplicates, review articles or conference abstracts. After screening titles and abstracts of the remaining papers, the full text of 47 papers was reviewed, resulting in the inclusion of 28 articles that met the set criteria around the application of microsensors for detecting sport-specific movements. Eight articles addressed the use of microsensors within individual sports, team sports provided seven results, water sports provided eight articles, and five articles addressed the use of microsensors in snow sports. All articles provided evidence of the ability of microsensors to detect sport-specific movements. Results demonstrated varying purposes for the use of microsensors, encompassing the detection of movement and movement frequency, the identification of movement errors and the assessment of forces during collisions.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review has highlighted the use of microsensors to detect sport-specific movements across a wide range of individual and team sports. The ability of microsensors to capture sport-specific movements emphasises the capability of this technology to provide further detail on athlete demands and performance. However, there was mixed evidence on the ability of microsensors to quantify some movements (e.g. tackling within rugby union, rugby league and Australian rules football). Given these contrasting results, further research is required to validate the ability of wearable microsensors containing accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers to detect tackles in collision sports, as well as other contact events such as the ruck, maul and scrum in rugby union.
Topics: Athletes; Humans; Movement; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Sports
PubMed: 25834998
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0332-9 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021The pandemic emergency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shed light on the need for innovative aids, devices, and assistive technologies to enable people with... (Review)
Review
The pandemic emergency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shed light on the need for innovative aids, devices, and assistive technologies to enable people with severe disabilities to live their daily lives. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can lead individuals with significant health challenges to improve their independence, facilitate participation in activities, thus enhancing overall well-being and preventing impairments. This systematic review provides state-of-the-art applications of EEG-based BCIs, particularly those using motor-imagery (MI) data, to wheelchair control and movement. It presents a thorough examination of the different studies conducted since 2010, focusing on the algorithm analysis, features extraction, features selection, and classification techniques used as well as on wheelchair components and performance evaluation. The results provided in this paper could highlight the limitations of current biomedical instrumentations applied to people with severe disabilities and bring focus to innovative research topics.
Topics: Brain-Computer Interfaces; COVID-19; Electroencephalography; Humans; Movement; SARS-CoV-2; Wheelchairs
PubMed: 34577493
DOI: 10.3390/s21186285 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Oct 2017Proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) lays the foundation for being physically active and developing more complex motor skills. Improving these motor skills... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) lays the foundation for being physically active and developing more complex motor skills. Improving these motor skills may provide enhanced opportunities for the development of a variety of perceptual, social, and cognitive skills.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of FMS interventions on actual FMS, targeting typically developing young children.
METHOD
Searches in seven databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) up to August 2015 were completed. Trials with children (aged 2-6 years) in childcare or kindergarten settings that applied FMS-enhancing intervention programs of at least 4 weeks and meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized data extraction forms were used. Risk of bias was assessed using a standard scoring scheme (Effective Public Health Practice Project-Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies [EPHPP]). We calculated effects on overall FMS, object control and locomotor subscales (OCS and LMS) by weighted standardized mean differences (SMD) using random-effects models. Certainty in training effects was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System).
RESULTS
Thirty trials (15 randomized controlled trials and 15 controlled trials) involving 6126 preschoolers (aged 3.3-5.5 years) revealed significant differences among groups in favor of the intervention group (INT) with small-to-large effects on overall FMS (SMD 0.46), OCS (SMD 1.36), and LMS (SMD 0.94). Our certainty in the treatment estimates based on GRADE is very low.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there is relevant effectiveness of programs to improve FMS proficiency in healthy young children, they need to be interpreted with care as they are based on low-quality evidence and immediate post-intervention effects without long-term follow-up.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Humans; Motor Activity; Motor Skills; Movement; Schools; Students
PubMed: 28386652
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0723-1 -
Computers in Biology and Medicine Oct 2021The technical performance of resistance-training (RT) movement is commonly monitored through visual assessment and feedback by trained practitioners or by individual... (Review)
Review
The technical performance of resistance-training (RT) movement is commonly monitored through visual assessment and feedback by trained practitioners or by individual self-evaluation. However, both approaches are limited due to their subjectivity, inability to monitor multiple joints simultaneously, and dependency on the assessor's or exerciser's experience and skill. Portable data collection devices and machine learning (ML) have been combined to overcome these limitations by providing objective assessments for RT movement performance. This systematic review evaluates systems developed for providing objective, automatic assessment for RT movements used to improve physical performance and/or rehabilitation in otherwise healthy individuals. Databases searched included Scopus, PubMed and Engineering Village. From 363 papers initially identified, 13 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information extracted from the collated papers included the experimental protocols, data processing, ML model development methodology and movement classification performance. Identified movement assessment systems ranged in classification performance (accuracy of 70%-90% for most classifiers). However, several methodological errors in the development of the ML models were identified, and additional aspects such as model interpretability or generalisability were often neglected. Future ML models should adopt the correct developmental methodology and provide interpretable and generalisable models for application in the RT environment.
Topics: Data Science; Humans; Machine Learning; Movement; Resistance Training
PubMed: 34454166
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104779 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... May 2023Markerless motion capture (MMC) technology has been developed to avoid the need for body marker placement during motion tracking and analysis of human movement. Although... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Markerless motion capture (MMC) technology has been developed to avoid the need for body marker placement during motion tracking and analysis of human movement. Although researchers have long proposed the use of MMC technology in clinical measurement-identification and measurement of movement kinematics in a clinical population, its actual application is still in its preliminary stages. The benefits of MMC technology are also inconclusive with regard to its use in assessing patients' conditions. In this review we put a minor focus on the method's engineering components and sought primarily to determine the current application of MMC as a clinical measurement tool in rehabilitation.
METHODS
A systematic computerized literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and IEEE. The search keywords used in each database were "Markerless Motion Capture OR Motion Capture OR Motion Capture Technology OR Markerless Motion Capture Technology OR Computer Vision OR Video-based OR Pose Estimation AND Assessment OR Clinical Assessment OR Clinical Measurement OR Assess." Only peer-reviewed articles that applied MMC technology for clinical measurement were included. The last search took place on March 6, 2023. Details regarding the application of MMC technology for different types of patients and body parts, as well as the assessment results, were summarized.
RESULTS
A total of 65 studies were included. The MMC systems used for measurement were most frequently used to identify symptoms or to detect differences in movement patterns between disease populations and their healthy counterparts. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who demonstrated obvious and well-defined physical signs were the largest patient group to which MMC assessment had been applied. Microsoft Kinect was the most frequently used MMC system, although there was a recent trend of motion analysis using video captured with a smartphone camera.
CONCLUSIONS
This review explored the current uses of MMC technology for clinical measurement. MMC technology has the potential to be used as an assessment tool as well as to assist in the detection and identification of symptoms, which might further contribute to the use of an artificial intelligence method for early screening for diseases. Further studies are warranted to develop and integrate MMC system in a platform that can be user-friendly and accurately analyzed by clinicians to extend the use of MMC technology in the disease populations.
Topics: Humans; Motion Capture; Artificial Intelligence; Movement; Motion; Biomechanical Phenomena; Technology
PubMed: 37131238
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01186-9 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Apr 2017Identification of risk factors for lower extremity (LE) injury in sport and military/first-responder occupations is required to inform injury prevention strategies. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Identification of risk factors for lower extremity (LE) injury in sport and military/first-responder occupations is required to inform injury prevention strategies.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if poor movement quality is associated with LE injury in sport and military/first-responder occupations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
5 electronic databases were systematically searched. Studies selected included original data; analytic design; movement quality outcome (qualitative rating of functional compensation, asymmetry, impairment or efficiency of movement control); LE injury sustained with sport or military/first-responder occupation. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. 2 independent authors assessed the quality (Downs and Black (DB) criteria) and level of evidence (Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine model).
RESULTS
Of 4361 potential studies, 17 were included. The majority were low-quality cohort studies (level 4 evidence). Median DB score was 11/33 (range 3-15). Heterogeneity in methodology and injury definition precluded meta-analyses. The Functional Movement Screen was the most common outcome investigated (15/17 studies). 4 studies considered inter-relationships between risk factors, 7 reported diagnostic accuracy and none tested an intervention programme targeting individuals identified as high risk. There is inconsistent evidence that poor movement quality is associated with increased risk of LE injury in sport and military/first-responder occupations.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should focus on high-quality cohort studies to identify the most relevant movement quality outcomes for predicting injury risk followed by developing and evaluating preparticipation screening and LE injury prevention programmes through high-quality randomised controlled trials targeting individuals at greater risk of injury based on screening tests with validated test properties.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Leg Injuries; Military Personnel; Movement; Risk Factors; Sports
PubMed: 27935483
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096760 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Dec 2016Altered gait patterns follow ing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may be associated with long-term impairments and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Altered gait patterns follow ing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may be associated with long-term impairments and post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared lower limb kinematics and kinetics of the ACL reconstructed knee with (1) the contralateral limb and (2) healthy age-matched participants during walking, stair climbing, and running. The secondary aim was to describe the differences over time following ACLR for these biomechanical variables.
METHOD
Database searches were conducted from inception to July 2014 and updated in August 2015 for studies exploring peak knee angles and moments following ACLR during walking, stair negotiation, and running. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified Downs and Black quality index for all included studies, and meta-analyses were performed. Forest plots were explored qualitatively for recovery of gait variables over time after surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 40 studies were included in the review; 26 of these were rated as low risk and 14 as high risk of bias. The meta-analysis included 27 studies. Strong to moderate evidence indicated no significant difference in peak flexion angles between ACLR and control groups during walking and stair ascent. Strong evidence was found for lower peak flexion moments in participants with ACLR compared with control groups and contralateral limb during walking and stair activities. Strong to moderate evidence was found for lower peak adduction moment in ACLR participants for the injured compared with the contralateral limbs during walking and stair descent. The qualitative assessment for recovery over time indicated a pattern towards restoration of peak knee flexion angle with increasing time from post-surgery. Peak knee adduction moments were lower within the first year following surgery and higher than controls during later phases (5 years).
CONCLUSION
Joint kinematics are restored, on average, 6 years following reconstruction, while knee external flexion moments remain lower than controls. Knee adduction moments are lower during early phases following reconstruction, but are higher than controls, on average, 5 years post-surgery. Findings indicate that knee function is not fully restored following reconstruction, and long-term maintenance programs may be needed.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Humans; Knee; Knee Joint; Walking
PubMed: 26936269
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0510-4 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Sep 2017Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are assumed to be the basic prerequisite motor movements underpinning coordination of more integrated and advanced movement... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are assumed to be the basic prerequisite motor movements underpinning coordination of more integrated and advanced movement capabilities. FMS development and interventions have been associated with several beneficial health outcomes in individual studies.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this review was to identify FMS intervention characteristics that could be optimised to attain beneficial outcomes in children and adolescents, while the secondary aim was to update the evidence as to the efficacy of FMS interventions on physiological, psychological and behavioural health outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search [adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines] was conducted in seven databases. Studies were included if they conducted an FMS intervention and targeted at least one physiological, behavioural or psychological outcome in school-aged children (5-18 years).
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies examining the effect of FMS interventions relative to controls were identified. Specialist-led interventions, taught in conjunction with at-home practice and parent involvement, appeared more efficacious in enhancing FMS proficiency than school physical education alone. Intervention environments encouraging psychological autonomy were likely to enhance perceived and actual competence in FMS alongside physical activity. FMS interventions had little influence on overweight/obesity reduction, strength or flexibility. In 93% of studies, evidence indicated interventions improved FMS motor proficiency. Favourable specific physiological, psychological and behavioural outcomes were also identified across a variety of interventions.
CONCLUSION
With reference to clinical and normative school-age populations, future studies should be directed toward determining validated standard FMS assessments to enable accurate effect estimates, permit intervention comparisons and improve the efficacy of FMS development.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Motor Activity; Motor Skills; Movement; Physical Education and Training; Schools
PubMed: 28213755
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0697-z