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Translational Cancer Research Apr 2022Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the main types of leukemia that threatens the life and health of patients. A large number of clinical studies have been conducted...
BACKGROUND
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the main types of leukemia that threatens the life and health of patients. A large number of clinical studies have been conducted on the etiology of the disease. However, there are few evidence-based medical studies and no definitive treatment guidelines.
METHODS
Related articles were searched from Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), EBSCO, OVID, Chinese Biology Medicine Disc (CBMDISC), and Wanfang databases. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to September 2021. The search terms were as follows: acute myeloid leukemia, AML, electromagnetic field, case-control study, cohort study, and risk factors. All literatures were included according to PICOS standards, and the risk of deviation and literature quality were assessed. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The 10 articles included were of high quality and low bias risk. The research results showed that compared with healthy people, among the risk factors for AML, family tumor history [risk ratio (RR) =0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.57, 1.69); Z=0.08; P=0.94] and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate [odds ratio (OR) =1.34; 95% CI: (0.57, 3.13); Z=0.68; P=0.50] showed no significant differences, but the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rate [OR =1.60; 95% CI: (1.17, 2.19); Z=2.92; P=0.003] and environmental exposure rate [OR =1.49; 95% CI: (1.01, 2.21); Z=2.02; P=0.04] increased significantly.
CONCLUSIONS
A total of 10 articles were included to analyze AML risk factors and related content. The results suggested that HCV infection and environmental exposure history such as home decoration were risk factors for AML.
PubMed: 35571664
DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-27 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Nov 2022With 583 million inhabitants, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is a worldwide hub for travel, migration, and food trade. However, there is a scarcity of data on...
INTRODUCTION
With 583 million inhabitants, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is a worldwide hub for travel, migration, and food trade. However, there is a scarcity of data on the epidemiology of the hepatitis A virus (HAV).
METHODS
The MEDLINE and grey literature were systematically searched for HAV epidemiological data relevant to the EMR region published between 1980 and 2020 in English, French, or Arabic.
RESULTS
Overall, 123 publications were extracted. The proportion of HAV cases among acute viral hepatitis cases was high. HAV seroprevalence rate ranged from 5.7% to 100.0% and it was decreasing over time while the average age at infection increased.
CONCLUSION
In the EMR, HAV remains a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis. The observed endemicity shift will likely increase disease burden as the population ages. Vaccinating children and adopting sanitary measures are still essential to disease prevention; vaccinating at-risk groups might reduce disease burden even further.
Topics: Child; Humans; Hepatitis A; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Hepatitis A virus; Hepatitis A Antibodies; Travel; Acute Disease
PubMed: 35617508
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2073146 -
International Journal of Clinical... Aug 2014Terbinafine is an effective antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes, cryptococcus and other fungi. It is the preferred drug to treat onychomycosis. However, severe... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Terbinafine is an effective antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes, cryptococcus and other fungi. It is the preferred drug to treat onychomycosis. However, severe acute hepatitis from oral terbinafine administration has been recently reported.
AIM
To describe a representative case, and review the literature regarding the best evidence on treatment and prognosis of severe acute hepatitis caused by oral terbinafine.
METHODS
The literature was searched for publications on severe hepatitis caused by terbinafine using MEDLINE, China Biology Medicine Disc, and the VIP Medical Information Resource System. Related references were searched manually.
RESULTS
Seventeen English and three Chinese references of case reports were included after eliminating duplicate publications. No randomized control studies were found. Liver enzyme levels were found to have been increased significantly. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated cholestasis.
CONCLUSIONS
Severe acute liver injury is a known, but unusual complication of terbinafine exposure. The prognosis is often good with appropriate treatment. Liver function assessment before treatment and periodic monitoring 4-6 weeks after initiation of treatment is recommended.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Liver; Naphthalenes; Prognosis; Terbinafine
PubMed: 24986266
DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-9969-y -
Journal of Viral Hepatitis Dec 2015Hepatitis E viral infection can lead to a chronic infection in immunocompromised patients, resulting in progressive liver disease and cirrhosis. Isolated cases have... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis E viral infection can lead to a chronic infection in immunocompromised patients, resulting in progressive liver disease and cirrhosis. Isolated cases have shown that treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon-α can result in viral eradication. This systematic review evaluated efficacy and safety of both treatments in chronic hepatitis E. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov for articles and abstracts. The keywords '"Hepatitis E" or HEV' AND 'ribavirin or Rebetol or Copegus' OR 'pegylated interferon OR peginterferon' were combined. The primary outcome was sustained viral response (SVR). Secondary endpoints include rapid viral response (RVR), relapse rates and side effects. Twenty-four studies matched our criteria, representing a total of 105 ribavirin-treated and 8 pegylated interferon-treated patients. The majority of patients had a solid organ transplant. Sixty-four per cent of ribavirin-treated patients achieved a SVR at 6 months after treatment cessation compared to 2/8 peginterferon-treated patients. Ribavirin was relatively well tolerated with the main side effect being anaemia, requiring dose reduction in 28% of patients. Peginterferon leads to acute transplant rejection in 2/8 patients. Ribavirin monotherapy appears to be an effective and safe treatment in all immunocompromised patients with chronic hepatitis E. The use of pegylated interferon in transplant patients may lead to transplant rejection and is not recommended. Therefore, ribavirin should be the antiviral treatment of choice in chronic hepatitis E.
Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Female; Graft Rejection; Hepatitis E; Hepatitis E virus; Humans; Interferon alpha-2; Interferon-alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Transplantation; Polyethylene Glycols; RNA, Viral; Recombinant Proteins; Ribavirin; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25760481
DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12403 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2022Enteric viruses are of great importance in wastewater due to their high excretion from infected individuals, low removal in wastewater treatment processes, long-time... (Review)
Review
Enteric viruses are of great importance in wastewater due to their high excretion from infected individuals, low removal in wastewater treatment processes, long-time survival in the environment, and low infectious dose. Among the other viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance in wastewater systems has received particular attention as a result of the current COVID-19 epidemic. Viruses adhering to solid particles in wastewater treatment processes will end up as sewage sludge, and therefore insufficient sludge treatment may result in viral particles dissemination into the environment. Here, we review data on viruses' presence in sewage sludge, their detection and concentration methods, and information on human health issues associated with sewage sludge land application. We used combinations of the following keywords in the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and PubMed databases, which were published between 2010 and January 21th, 2022: sludge (sewage sludge, biosolids, sewage solids, wastewater solids) and virus (enteric virus, viral particles, viral contamination, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus). The sources were searched twice, once with and then without the common enteric virus names (adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus). Studies suggest adenovirus and norovirus as the most prevalent enteric viruses in sewage sludge. Indeed, other viruses include rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and enterovirus were frequently found in sewage sludge samples. Untreated biological sludge and thickened sludge showed more viral contamination level than digested sludge and the lowest prevalence of viruses was reported in lime stabilized sludge. The review reveals that land application of sewage sludge may pose viral infection risks to people due to accidently ingestion of sludge or intake of crops grown in biosolids amended soil. Moreover, contamination of groundwater and/or surface water may occur due to land application of sewage sludge.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Biosolids; COVID-19; Enterovirus; Humans; Norovirus; Rotavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Sewage; Viruses; Wastewater
PubMed: 35182626
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153886 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2023Hepatitis E can potentially progress to HEV-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF). East and South Asia bear a substantial burden of HEV infection, with Bangladesh,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis E can potentially progress to HEV-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF). East and South Asia bear a substantial burden of HEV infection, with Bangladesh, China, and India facing the most severe threat in this region. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the burden of HEV-ALF in these three high-risk countries.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed utilizing PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies in English or Chinese that reported data on the burden of HEV-ALF in Bangladesh, China and India were included. Outcomes were pooled with meta-analysis utilizing R software. Estimates were calculated with random-effects models, and subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to address heterogeneity. Egger's test and Begg's test were performed to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 20 eligible studies were included in this study. The pooled HEV-attributable proportion of viral-related acute liver failure was estimated to be 40.0% (95% CI: 0.28-0.52), 30.0% (95% CI: 0.18-0.44), and 61.0% (95% CI: 0.49-0.72) among non-pregnant individuals in India, China and Bangladesh, while in Indian pregnant females, it was 71.0% (95% CI: 0.62-0.79). The combined prevalence among non-pregnant HEV-infected participants was 28.0% (95% CI: 0.20-0.37) and 10.0% (95% CI: 0.01-0.28) in India and China, and it was 34.0% (95% CI: 0.27-0.42) in Indian pregnant females with HEV infection. The overall mortality of HEV-ALF was estimated to be 32.0% (95% CI: 0.23-0.42) and 64.0% (95% CI: 0.50-0.77) among the non-pregnant and the pregnant participants in India, and it was 23.0% (95% CI: 0.14-0.34) in Chinese non-pregnant participants.
CONCLUSIONS
The burden of HEV-ALF in Bangladesh, China, and India is non-negligible despite geographic and population heterogeneity. The prevention of HEV infection and early recognition of HEV-ALF are of great significance, especially in high-risk countries and populations.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration ID is CRD42022382101.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Bangladesh; Hepatitis E virus; Liver Failure, Acute; India; China
PubMed: 38031080
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17302-2 -
Canadian Liver Journal 2021Since December 2019, there are 30 million confirmed cases of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Since December 2019, there are 30 million confirmed cases of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As of 2020, hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Both are caused by viral agents. The short-term mortality rate from COVID-19 is much higher than that of HBV.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to understand the impact of HBV coinfection on hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
SEARCH METHODS
Searches of the literature were conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included cohort studies and randomized studies with information on rates of mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission from individuals coinfected by HBV and COVID-19.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data from six cohort studies with 2,015 patients were collected between January and April 2020, and the results were analyzed by meta-analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
HBV coinfection did not lead to increased mortality or ICU admission rates among individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 (risk ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.333-1.83, = 2,015; adjusted OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.31-1.98). During their hospital stay, coinfected patients did not appear to have an increased hospital length of stay or risk of hepatitis B reactivation.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis provides support that HBV is not a significant risk factor for serious adverse outcomes among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.
PubMed: 35991468
DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2020-0029 -
Veterinary Sciences Apr 2023Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major cause of acute hepatitis and is considered an emerging public health problem around the world. In the Middle East's and... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents a major cause of acute hepatitis and is considered an emerging public health problem around the world. In the Middle East's and Africa's arid regions, where camels frequently interact with human populations and camel-derived food products are a component of the food chain, camel-borne zoonotic HEV infection is a potential threat. To date, no review paper has been published on HEV in camels. As such, the purpose of the current work is to provide a scientific review of the identification of HEV genotypes seven and eight in camels worldwide to have a better understanding of the current status of this topic and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. Searches were carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Mendeley, Web of Science, and Scopus, including studies published until 31 December 2022 ( = 435). Once the databases were checked for duplicate papers ( = 307), the exclusion criteria were applied to remove any research that was not relevant ( = 118). As a result, only 10 papers were found to be eligible for the study. Additionally, in eight of the ten studies, the rates of HEV infection were found to be between 0.6% and 2.2% in both stool and serum samples. Furthermore, four studies detected HEV genotype seven in dromedary camels, and two studies have shown HEV genotype eight in Bactrian camels. Interestingly, these genotypes were recently reported in camels from the Middle East and China, where one human infection with HEV genotype seven has been associated with the consumption of contaminated camel meat and milk. In conclusion, more research will be needed to determine the prevalence of HEV infection in camels around the world as well as the risk of foodborne transmission of contaminated camel products. As camels are utility animals in several countries, HEV in these animals may pose a potential risk to public health.
PubMed: 37235406
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050323 -
Epidemiology and Infection Jul 2016It is of great concern that pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) type E have serious consequences. This study aimed to estimate the case-fatality risk (CFR)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
It is of great concern that pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) type E have serious consequences. This study aimed to estimate the case-fatality risk (CFR) and potential risk factors of pregnant women with AVH type E. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for studies containing data on CFR in pregnancy with AVH type E. A pooled estimate of CFR was calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. We identified 47 eligible studies with a total African and Asian population of 3968 individuals. The pooled CFRs of maternal and fetal outcomes were 20·8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16·6-25·3] and 34·2% (95% CI 26·0-43·0), respectively. Compared with these, the pooled CFR was highest (61·2%) in women with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Community-based surveys had lower pooled CFR (12·2%, 95% CI 9·2-15·6) and heterogeneity (25·8%, 95% CI 20·1-32·0) than hospital-based surveys. Univariate analysis showed that hospital-based surveying (P = 0·007), and patients in the third trimester of pregnancy or with FHF (P < 0·05), were significantly associated with CFR. Intrauterine fetal mortality (27·0%) was statistically higher than neonatal mortality (3·9%). Control measures for HEV infection would reduce feto-maternal mortality in Asia and Africa.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Hepatitis E; Hepatitis E virus; Humans; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26939626
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816000418 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2023Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis. While symptoms are generally mild and resolve within weeks, some populations (e.g., pregnant women,...
INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis. While symptoms are generally mild and resolve within weeks, some populations (e.g., pregnant women, immunocompromised adults) are at high-risk of severe HEV-related morbidity and mortality. There has not been a recent comprehensive review of contemporary HEV outbreaks, which limits the validity of current disease burden estimates. Therefore, we aimed to characterize global HEV outbreaks and describe data gaps to inform HEV outbreak prevention and response initiatives.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed (PubMed, Embase) and gray literature (ProMED) to identify reports of outbreaks published between 2011 and 2022. We included (1) reports with ≥ 5 cases of HEV, and/or (2) reports with 1.5 times the baseline incidence of HEV in a specific population, and (3) all reports with suspected (e.g., clinical case definition) or confirmed (e.g., ELISA or PCR test) cases if they met criterium 1 and/or 2. We describe key outbreak epidemiological, prevention and response characteristics and major data gaps.
RESULTS
We identified 907 records from PubMed, 468 from Embase, and 247 from ProMED. We screened 1,362 potentially relevant records after deduplication. Seventy-one reports were synthesized, representing 44 HEV outbreaks in 19 countries. The populations at risk, case fatalities, and outbreak durations were not reported in 66% of outbreak reports. No reports described using HEV vaccines. Reported intervention efforts included improving sanitation and hygiene, contact tracing/case surveillance, chlorinating boreholes, and advising residents to boil water. Commonly missing data elements included specific case definitions used, testing strategy and methods, seroprevalence, impacts of interventions, and outbreak response costs. Approximately 20% of HEV outbreaks we found were not published in the peer-reviewed literature.
CONCLUSION
HEV represents a significant public health problem. Unfortunately, extensive data shortages and a lack of standardized reporting make it difficult to estimate the HEV disease burden accurately and to implement effective prevention and response activities. Our study has identified major gaps to guide future studies and outbreak reporting systems. Our results support the development of standardized reporting procedures/platforms for HEV outbreaks to ensure accurate and timely data distribution, including active and passive coordinated surveillance systems, particularly among high-risk populations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Adult; Female; Humans; Hepatitis E; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Hepatitis E virus; Disease Outbreaks; Public Health
PubMed: 37308896
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15792-8