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Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2022Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disorder that has a severe impact on a woman's mental state and mood after birth. Research has shown that postnatal levels of family... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disorder that has a severe impact on a woman's mental state and mood after birth. Research has shown that postnatal levels of family adversity and maternal psychopathology are associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This paper is intended to examine the association among maternal PPD and the risk of ADHD in the offspring.
METHODS
Keyword search was conducted for PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase up to Feb 28, 2021; studies in English were deemed eligible. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis took place. Subgroup analyses by study design, geographical region, level of adjustment and study setting were performed.
RESULTS
Nine cohort studies and two case-control studies published from 2003 to 2019 were included in the qualitative synthesis; among them, eight studies were synthesized in the meta-analysis. Overall, maternal PPD was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring (pooled relative risk, RR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.27-2.26). Significant associations were noted in the subsets of cohort studies, studies implementing multivariate analyses and registry-based surveys.
LIMITATIONS
Overall, a larger number of studies of the field are needed. Data collection relied on self-report and attrition bias limited the validity of eligible studies. Studies from developing countries were underrepresented. There was significant publication bias (p = 0.035, Egger's test).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between PPD and ADHD in children was found to be significant in this systematic review and meta-analysis and reveals the need for further investigation in various geographical regions.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cohort Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Risk
PubMed: 36096371
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.055 -
European Journal of Neurology Mar 2022Patients with migraine are at increased risk of stroke. The aim was to systematically review the current literature on the association between migraine and atrial... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Patients with migraine are at increased risk of stroke. The aim was to systematically review the current literature on the association between migraine and atrial fibrillation, which is a relevant risk factor for stroke.
METHODS
PubMed was searched for 'migraine' AND 'atrial fibrillation' and selected original investigations on the association of migraine and atrial fibrillation for our analysis. Articles without original data, such as guidelines, narrative reviews, editorials and others, were excluded.
RESULTS
In all, 109 publications were found. Twenty-two were included and analysed for this review. The population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study showed a significant association of migraine with visual aura and incident atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.62, p = 0.02), but not for migraine without aura, compared to non-headache persons after multivariable adjustment for vascular risk factors. An even larger population-based study in Denmark confirmed this association (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.36). Studies investigating patients with ischaemic stroke and migraine are methodologically insufficient and provide contradictory results. Ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with migraine might reduce migraine attacks, but transient post-ablation new-onset migraine-like headaches in persons without a history of migraine have also been reported.
CONCLUSION
Population-based studies indicate a significant association of migraine with aura and atrial fibrillation. In practical terms, screening for atrial fibrillation in patients who have a long history of migraine might be reasonable, whereas in patients with stroke or other disorders and migraine extensive screening for atrial fibrillation should be performed as in all patients without migraine.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Migraine with Aura; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 34826198
DOI: 10.1111/ene.15198 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Oct 2017Ample evidence supports a neurodevelopmental origin in some cases of schizophrenia (SZ). More inconsistent information is available for bipolar disorder (BD). We herein... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Ample evidence supports a neurodevelopmental origin in some cases of schizophrenia (SZ). More inconsistent information is available for bipolar disorder (BD). We herein review studies with a focus on premorbid (adjustment and functionality) and early developmental milestones that include both SZ and BD patients. A search was performed in the PubMed electronic database, retrieving 619 abstracts; 30 were ultimately included in this systematic review. Eight prospective cohorts, 15 retrospective studies, and 7 studies based on national registries. Psychomotor developmental deviations and general adjustment problems characterize the childhood of subjects later diagnosed with SZ or BD; they are more marked in those later diagnosed with SZ vs BD, earlier onset vs later onset, and psychotic vs nonpsychotic disorders. Cognitive impairment follows a linear risk trend for SZ and a U-shaped trend for BD. Social isolation and visuoperceptual/reading anomalies more frequently antecede SZ. Pervasive developmental disorders increase the risk for both SZ and BD, more so in cases with normal intelligence. The predictive risk of each isolated developmental marker is low, but a significant percentage of subjects with SZ and a minority of adults with BD showed signs of premorbid abnormalities in childhood. The great limitation is still the lack of studies comparing SZ and BD that include psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar cases separately. There are many cases, even in childhood/adolescent SZ, where no premorbid anomalies are found, and immunological disorders or other etiologies should be searched for. At least in cases with clear neurodevelopmental markers, rare genetic variants should be investigated.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognitive Dysfunction; Human Development; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 29045744
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx126 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Dec 2022Adjustment disorder (AD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders and is generally conceptualized to be mild and short-lived. Despite the frequent... (Review)
Review
Adjustment disorder (AD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders and is generally conceptualized to be mild and short-lived. Despite the frequent use of AD in clinical settings, little is known about the prognosis of this condition. Our goal was to systematically review research on a range of AD outcomes in order to provide a broad characterization of AD prognosis. We conducted searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. We included 31 cohort or randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,385,358 participants. Many patients maintained an AD diagnosis or were diagnosed with another mental health disorder months to years after initial diagnosis. Patients with AD tended to show symptom improvement at higher rates and to utilize less treatment than did patients with other disorders. AD-diagnosed groups experienced subsequent development of numerous physical conditions, such as infection, cancers, Parkinson's disease, and cardiovascular events, at higher rates than did control groups. Results were mixed regarding suicidality and occupational impairment. We rated most studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Based on limited findings, AD appears to progress as a milder disorder than do other disorders, but it not uncommonly transitions to more severe mental health states and may predict the development of future health issues, both mental and physical. Future prospective research that conforms to prognosis study guidelines is needed to better understand the course of this common disorder.
Topics: Humans; Adjustment Disorders; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 36347110
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.052 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Nov 2022To examine the association between race and pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension after adjustment for factors in maternal characteristics and medical history in a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To examine the association between race and pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension after adjustment for factors in maternal characteristics and medical history in a screening study from the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) in England, and to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on pre-eclampsia.
DESIGN
Prospective observational study and systematic review with meta-analysis.
SETTING
Two UK maternity hospitals.
POPULATION
A total of 168 966 women with singleton pregnancies attending for routine ultrasound examination at 11-13 weeks of gestation without major abnormalities delivering at 24 weeks or more of gestation.
METHODS
Regression analysis examined the association between race and pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension in the FMF data. Literature search to December 2021 was carried out to identify peer-reviewed publications on race and pre-eclampsia.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Relative risk of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in women of black, South Asian and East Asian race by comparison to white women.
RESULTS
In black women, the respective risks of total-pre-eclampsia and preterm-pre-eclampsia were 2-fold and 2.5-fold higher, respectively, and risk of gestational hypertension was 25% higher; in South Asian women there was a 1.5-fold higher risk of preterm pre-eclampsia but not of total-pre-eclampsia and in East Asian women there was no statistically significant difference in risk of hypertensive disorders. The literature search identified 19 studies that provided data on several million pregnancies, but 17 were at moderate or high-risk of bias and only three provided risks adjusted for some maternal characteristics; consequently, these studies did not provide accurate contributions on different racial groups to the prediction of pre-eclampsia.
CONCLUSION
In women of black and South Asian origin the risk of pre-eclampsia, after adjustment for confounders, is higher than in white women.
Topics: Cohort Studies; England; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Infant, Newborn; Observational Studies as Topic; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35620879
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17240 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Sep 2022Parent-child synchrony, or the coordination of biological and behavioral processes between parent and child, is thought to promote healthy relationships and support... (Review)
Review
Parent-child synchrony, or the coordination of biological and behavioral processes between parent and child, is thought to promote healthy relationships and support youth adjustment. Although extensive work has been conducted on parent-child synchrony during infancy and early childhood, less is known about synchrony in middle childhood and adolescence and the contextual factors that impact synchrony, particularly physiological synchrony. This is a systematic and qualitative review of 37 studies of behavioral and physiological synchrony in parent-child interactions after early childhood (parents with youth ages 5-18). Behavioral and physiological synchrony were typically identified in youth and their parents beyond early childhood and related to positive outcomes; however, research on father-child synchrony is rarer with mixed findings. Multiple factors are associated with synchrony, including parent and youth psychological symptoms and disorders, parenting factors, such as over-controlling parenting, and parent characteristics, such as interparental aggression and conflict. Few studies have examined behavioral and physiological synchrony simultaneously and longitudinally, limiting our ability to understand the relationship between types of synchrony and later adjustment. Available studies suggest that the context, such as presence of psychopathology or exposure to trauma, influences whether synchrony is associated with positive or negative outcomes. This review highlights the need for additional research to understand the relationship between types of synchrony and the long-term effects and contextual factors that impact youth outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Aggression; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents
PubMed: 35133524
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00383-7 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Apr 2022Although overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanisms are not well characterised. Recent data suggest... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Although overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanisms are not well characterised. Recent data suggest that this link may be partly due to abnormal adipose tissue-derived cytokines or adipokines. However, this relationship is not well clarified. To evaluate the association between adipokines and AF in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SYNTHESIS
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception through 1 March 2021. Studies were included if they reported any adipokine and AF, with their quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were independently abstracted, with unadjusted and multivariable adjusted estimates pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Data are presented for overall prevalent or incident AF and AF subtypes (paroxysmal, persistent, or non-paroxysmal AF). A total of 34 studies, with 31,479 patients, were included. The following adipokines were significantly associated with AF in the pooled univariate data - apelin (risk ratio for prevalent AF: 0.05 [0.00-0.50], p = 0.01; recurrent AF: 0.21 [0.11-0.42], p < 0.01) and resistin (incident AF: 2.05 [1.02-4.1], p = 0.04; prevalent AF: 2.62 [1.78-3.85], p < 0.01). Pooled analysis of multivariable adjusted effect size estimates showed adiponectin as the sole independent predictor of AF incidence (1.14 [1.02-1.27], p = 0.02). Moreover, adiponectin was associated with non-paroxysmal AF (persistent AF: 1.45 [1.08-1.94, p = 0.01; non-paroxysmal versus paroxysmal AF: 3.14 [1.87-5.27, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Adipokines, principally adiponectin, apelin, and resistin, are associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation. However, the association is not seen after multivariate adjustment, likely reflecting the lack of statistical power. Future research should investigate these relationships in larger prospective cohorts and how they can refine AF monitoring strategies.
PROSPERO ID
CRD42020208879.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Apelin; Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Prospective Studies; Resistin
PubMed: 35227548
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.019 -
Cureus Apr 2023Natural disasters are complex, global issues that affect people individually, families, and communities, upsetting their emotional wellbeing. This research aims to... (Review)
Review
Natural disasters are complex, global issues that affect people individually, families, and communities, upsetting their emotional wellbeing. This research aims to comprehend the connections between disasters and their effects on mental health. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis on the effect of disasters on mental health disorders using defined search terms across three major databases. The search technique adhered to the PECO framework. The study locations were dispersed across Asia, Europe, and America. An electronic search was established in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Medline databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out. The I statistic was used to explore heterogeneity. In the random-effects analysis, Tau-squared, τ, or Tau evaluates the effects seen between the study variances. Publication bias was examined. The outcomes of the included studies on mental health issues (n = 48,170) brought on by catastrophic disasters were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The three main mental health illnesses attributed to the disaster catastrophe in most studies were generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depression, substance use, adjustment disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Storms, including cyclones and snowstorms, had an impact on 5,151 individuals. 38,456 people were harmed by flooding, and 4,563 people were affected by the earthquake. The included studies showed prevalence rates for mental health disorders ranging from 5.8% to 87.6%. The prevalence rates were between 2.2% and 84% for anxiety, 3.23% and 52.70% for depression, and 2.6% and 52% for PTSD, respectively. The point effect estimates of studies included the flood, storm/cyclone, and earthquake were 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.12), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.03-0.32), and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.03-0.27), respectively, which revealed a statistically significant positive effect (p-value: < 0.05) with a narrow 95% CI indicating more precise population estimates. However, the pooled effect estimates were not of a large effect size of 0.129 (95% CI: 0.05-0.20). This study found a link between disaster and poorer outcomes for mental health. The risk of psychological morbidity and fatalities increased with relocation and disruption of essential services. Flooding was the most frequent calamity. The "medium human development countries" were found to have the highest prevalence rate of mental health disorders in our meta-analysis. The "very high human development" and "high human development" nations, however, also had a higher prevalence rate of mental health disorders following catastrophic events. This study could aid in the creation of thorough strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of mental health problems during natural disasters. Increased community resilience, improved access to healthcare services, and a suitable mitigation strategy can all help to improve the situation of the disaster's vulnerable population.
PubMed: 37143625
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37031 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jul 2017To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs.
DESIGN
Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression analyses.
DATA SOURCES
3 major electronic databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for exercise intervention studies in adults with AUDs.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies of acute exercise in people with AUDs; and randomised and non-randomised trials examining effects of long-term (≥2 weeks) exercise.
RESULTS
21 studies and 1204 unique persons with AUDs (mean age 37.8 years, mean illness duration 4.4 years) were included. Exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference (SMD) =-0.886, p=0.24), or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) total scores (SMD=-0.378, p=0.18). For weekly consumption (n=3 studies), a statistically significant difference was observed favouring exercise (SMD=-0.656, p=0.04), but not after adjustment for publication bias (SMD=-0.16, 95% CI -0.88 to 0.55). Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus control (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) =4; SMD=-0.867, p=0.006, I=63%) and improved physical fitness (VO) (RCTs=3; SMD=0.564, p=0.01, I=46%). The pooled dropout rate was 40.3% (95% CI 23.3% to 60.1%) which was no different to control conditions (OR=0.73, p=0.52). Dropouts were higher among men (β=0.0622, p<0.0001, R=0.82).
LIMITATIONS
It was not possible to investigate moderating effects of smoking.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence indicates exercise appears not to reduce alcohol consumption, but has significant improvements in other health outcomes, including depression and physical fitness. Additional long-term controlled studies of exercise for AUDs are required.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Depression; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Patient Dropouts; Physical Fitness; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28087569
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096814 -
Behavior Therapy Sep 2021Dysfunction of interoception (i.e., difficulties sensing the physiological state of one's own body) is increasingly linked to different mental health disorders and...
Dysfunction of interoception (i.e., difficulties sensing the physiological state of one's own body) is increasingly linked to different mental health disorders and suicidal outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between suicidality and interoception, as well as identify potential confounders and mediators of the relationship. We conducted a systematic review of four databases, allowing for critical examination of the role of different measures of interoception (accuracy, sensibility, awareness, cognitive/emotional evaluation) across the suicide continuum (ideation, plans, attempts, deaths). The search strategy identified 22 studies (14,988 participants). Preliminary but limited evidence was found for impaired interoceptive accuracy among those reporting suicide attempt histories. We found evidence of interoceptive sensibility disturbances across the suicide continuum, including experiences of not trusting one's own body sensations and impaired abilities to sustain and control attention to such sensations. Consistent evidence was also reported for disturbances related to cognitive and emotional evaluations of interoceptive sensations. The latter was particularly pronounced for those reporting suicide attempts, relative to those reporting suicidal thinking or planning alone. Overall, this review's results suggest that interoceptive abnormalities are potentially important indicators of risk for suicidal thinking, intentions, and behaviors. However, due to the inconsistent adjustment for variables of interest, and cross-sectional designs, it is unclear whether interoceptive changes and disturbances have a direct role, or whether the association is explained and mediated by key third variables (e.g. depression, disordered eating, emotional dysregulation). We discuss the implications with respect to suicidal risk and therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Interoception; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 34452660
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2021.02.012