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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Adolescent suse internet via several devices to gather information or communicate. Sleep, as a key factor of adolescents' development, contributes to their physical and... (Review)
Review
Adolescent suse internet via several devices to gather information or communicate. Sleep, as a key factor of adolescents' development, contributes to their physical and mental health. Over the past decades insufficient sleep among adolescents has been wide spread, and one of its attributing factors is the increased availability of technology. This review aims to investigate the body of evidence regarding the impact of problematic internet use on adolescent sleep. Extensive search of databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines for studies published within the last decade, regarding subjects aged 10-19. The final step of the search yielded 12 original studies. The quality of extracted data was evaluated with the AXIS tool, in order to estimate the risk of bias. All studies showed a negative correlation between adolescent sleep and problematic internet use. It was found to affect sleep quality and quantity and provoke insomnia symptoms. Interestingly, adolescent's sex, parental educational level, type of family and use for leisure or academic reasons appeared as affecting factors of the problematic internet use-sleep relationship. Problematic internet use has several effects on adolescents' sleep. Results of relevant studies should be embedded in educational interventions addressed to adolescents as well as parents, to eliminate the negative outcomes of problematic internet use on sleep and adolescence's health in general.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Child; Humans; Internet; Internet Use; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 33477410
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020760 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2021: Suicide in adolescents represents a major public health concern. To date, a growing number of suicide preventive strategies based on the use of new technologies are... (Review)
Review
: Suicide in adolescents represents a major public health concern. To date, a growing number of suicide preventive strategies based on the use of new technologies are emerging. We aimed to provide an overview of the present literature on the use of new technologies in adolescent suicide prevention. : An electronic search was run using the following keywords: Technology OR Technologies OR APP OR Application OR mobile application) AND (Adolescent OR youth OR puberty) AND (Suicid* OR Self-harm OR self-destruction). Inclusion criteria were: English language, published in a peer-reviewed journal, suicide prevention with the use of new technologies among adolescents. : Our search strategy yielded a total of 12 studies on the use of telemedicine, 7 on mobile applications, and 3 on language detection. We also found heterogeneity regarding the study design: 3 are randomized controlled trials (RCT), 13 are open-label single group trials, 2 are randomized studies, and 1 is a cross-sectional study. Telemedicine was the most adopted tool, especially web-based approaches. Mobile applications mostly focused on screening of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and for clinical monitoring through the use of text messages. Although telepsychiatry and mobile applications can provide a fast and safe tool, supporting and preceding a face-to-face clinical assessment, only a few studies demonstrated efficacy in preventing suicide among adolescents through the use of these interventions. Some studies suggested algorithms able to recognize people at risk of suicide from the exploration of the language on social media posts. : New technologies were found to be well accepted and tolerated supports for suicide prevention in adolescents. However, to date, few data support the use of such interventions in clinical practice and preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to test their efficacy in suicide prevention among adolescents and young adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mobile Applications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Suicidal Ideation; Telemedicine; Young Adult; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 33530342
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020109 -
PloS One 2019As interest in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) grows, there is increasing need to differentiate informal activities from formal and professionally directed...
INTRODUCTION
As interest in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) grows, there is increasing need to differentiate informal activities from formal and professionally directed therapies, including mental health focussed Canine-Assisted Psychotherapy (CAP). There have been no reviews focusing exclusively on CAP and the distinct developmental period of adolescence. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics of CAP interventions, their impacts and their acceptability, tolerability and feasibility for adolescents with mental health disorders.
METHOD
A systematic review identified studies incorporating canines into mental health treatments for adolescents aged 10-19 years. Studies reporting qualitative or quantitative psychological or psychosocial outcomes were included.
RESULTS
Seven studies were scrutinised. Intervention characteristics varied, including a range of formats, settings, locations, doses, and facilitators. Information on the role of the canines in sessions was sparse. CAP had a positive impact on primary diagnoses and symptomatology, conferring additional benefits to standard treatments for internalising disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and equivalent effects for anxiety, anger and externalising disorders. CAP was associated with positive impacts on secondary factors including increased engagement and socialisation behaviours, and reductions in disruptive behaviours within treatment sessions. Global functioning also improved. There was insufficient evidence that CAP improved factors associated with self-esteem, subjective wellbeing, or coping. Good attendance and retention rates indicated high levels of acceptability. Moderate to high tolerability was also indicated. Feasibility may be limited by additional training and logistical requirements.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We recommend the development of theoretically informed, standardised (manualised) intervention protocols that may subsequently form the basis of efficacy and effectiveness testing. Such protocols should clearly describe canine-participant-facilitator interactions via a formalised nomenclature; spontaneous (animal-led), adjunctive (facilitator-led), and experiential (participant-led).
CONCLUSIONS
There is emerging evidence to suggest that CAP improves the efficacy of mental health treatments in self-selected adolescent populations via reductions in primary symptomatology, and via secondary factors that improve therapeutic processes and quality, such as engagement and retention.
Topics: Adolescent; Animal Assisted Therapy; Animals; Child; Dogs; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychotherapy; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30653587
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210761 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional... (Review)
Review
According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional development and for the establishment of close relationships throughout their lives. During adolescence, friends and peers become a primary developmental environment, and thereby establishing quality bonds with peers will foster good psychological adjustment. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence on the relation of parental attachment to the quality of peer relationships during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was performed in the PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Inclusion criteria were studies published since 2001, in English, that are academic publications in scientific journals, that explore adolescence, and that analyze the relationship between attachment styles and adolescent peer interactions. The search resulted in 1438 studies, of which 19 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The results highlighted that secure attachment predicts and promotes the creation of affective relationships with peers and friends based on communication, support, intimacy, trust, and quality. In addition, some variables, such as gender differences or family characteristics, were found to be involved in attachment and provide a better understanding.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Communication; Friends; Humans; Peer Group
PubMed: 35162088
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031064 -
Revista de Saude Publica Feb 2018This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review study aimed to assess the evidence available for the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence.
METHODS
The search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies assessing the association between breastfeeding and behavior disorders in childhood or adolescence, using psychometric tests, carried out in humans and published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The search was performed in several stages by two independent researchers using pre-established criteria.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Breastfeeding for a period equal to or higher than three or four months seemed to be inversely associated with total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood; however, the association remains unclear for other behavior disorders. Only four studies assessed behavior disorders in adolescence, and when an association was found, it was likely to be positive. The duration of breastfeeding seemed to be more important than the exclusive or non-exclusive pattern of breastfeeding.
CONCLUSIONS
Breastfed children for at least three to four months had fewer total behavior and conduct disorders in childhood. Further studies are needed to better understand this association, particularly in adolescence and involving other behavioral profiles.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Breast Feeding; Child; Child Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 29412376
DOI: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000439 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Aug 2022Childhood sexual abuse has pervasive effects on well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents, including negative impacts on sleep. This study... (Review)
Review
Childhood sexual abuse has pervasive effects on well-being and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents, including negative impacts on sleep. This study aimed to systematically review and assess the literature documenting associations between childhood sexual abuse and sleep in minors (0-18 years old) and provide recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. A systematic search was conducted independently by two researchers in six databases. Inclusion criteria included English or French published articles and dissertations/theses/abstracts reporting original quantitative data examining at least a bivariate association between childhood sexual abuse and sleep. A total of 5031 titles and abstracts and 70 full articles were screened. The final sample included 26 studies. Most studies (88%) reported a significant association between childhood sexual abuse and several sleep dimensions (such as difficulty falling asleep, complaints of poor sleep, nightmares). Studies' quality, as rated using the National heart, lung, and blood institute's quality assessment tool, varied greatly: 23% were rated as good, 38.5% as fair, and 38.5% as poor. Childhood sexual abuse negatively impacts sleep in childhood and adolescence. These results inform future research, ideally with strong prospective/longitudinal designs and using more specific sleep measures, aiming to promote optimal sleep in sexually abused minors.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Prospective Studies; Sleep; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35447497
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101628 -
Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2022Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults, but no systematic review has investigated the literature on childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in childhood and adolescence. We published a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021225741) and conducted a systematic literature search using nine electronic databases. Upon duplicate removal, 1530 records were screened against the inclusion criteria, and 26 studies were included in the review. The most studied sleep outcomes were symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and nightmares. The results showed significant associations between exposure to childhood maltreatment and insomnia symptoms (OR 3.91, 95%CI: 2.64-5.79, p < .001), shorter sleep duration (-12.1 min, 95%CI: -19.4 to -4.7, p < .001) and nightmares (OR 3.15, 95%CI: 2.38-4.18, p < 001). There was a considerable heterogeneity in measures and instruments used to examine sleep and maltreatment. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and intervening for sleep problems in children and adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Dreams; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35313257
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101617 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Jan 2022Motor performance during childhood and adolescence is recognized as a relevant determinant of present and future health, but its effects on back pain (BP) remain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Motor performance during childhood and adolescence is recognized as a relevant determinant of present and future health, but its effects on back pain (BP) remain unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the association between motor performance and BP in children and adolescents.
DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT
A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases. We included cross-sectional, cohort, case-control and controlled clinical trials (data from control groups). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) participants aged 6-19 years; (b) assessment motor performance components; (c) assessment of BP and (d) reported measures of association. The risk of bias was assessed by the Downs and Black instrument and the quality of evidence by the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
A total of 2360 articles were identified, 25 of which were included in our systematic review. Of the 25 studies, 19 were evaluated as having a low risk of bias. GRADE indicated that 20 studies presented low or very low quality. Most of the studies evaluated flexibility (n = 16), muscle endurance (n = 18) and muscle strength (n = 9). Aerobic capacity, balance and speed were also examined in some studies (n < 5). Overall, motor performance (flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, balance and speed) was not associated with BP. Most of the results were inconsistent because of the lack of studies, risk of bias and low quality of evidence. Only trunk extensor muscle endurance was associated with decreased BP with moderate quality of the supporting evidence. Prospective studies with a low risk of bias are warranted to further clarify this relationship in childhood and adolescence and findings may support more targeted and effective health promotion interventions.
SIGNIFICANCE
This systematic review shows that motor performance (flexibility, muscle endurance, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, balance and speed) was not associated with BP in children and adolescents. Most of the results were inconsistent because of the lack of studies, risk of bias and low quality of evidence. Only trunk extensor muscle endurance was associated with decreased BP with moderate quality of supporting evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Back Pain; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Humans; Muscle Strength; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34365693
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1850 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Apr 2017Research supports an association between impulsivity and self-harm, yet inconsistencies in methodology across studies have complicated understanding of this... (Review)
Review
Research supports an association between impulsivity and self-harm, yet inconsistencies in methodology across studies have complicated understanding of this relationship. This systematic review examines the association between impulsivity and self-harm in community-based adolescents aged 11-25 years and aims to integrate findings according to differing concepts and methods. Electronic searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PubMed and The Cochrane Library, and manual searches of reference lists of relevant reviews identified 4496 articles published up to July 2015, of which 28 met inclusion criteria. Twenty-four of the studies reported an association between broadly specified impulsivity and self-harm. However, findings varied according to the conception and measurement of impulsivity and the precision with which self-harm behaviours were specified. Specifically, lifetime non-suicidal self-injury was most consistently associated with mood-based impulsivity-related traits. However, cognitive facets of impulsivity (relating to difficulties maintaining focus or acting without forethought) differentiated current self-harm from past self-harm. These facets also distinguished those with thoughts of self-harm (ideation) from those who acted on thoughts (enaction). The findings suggested that mood-based impulsivity is related to the initiation of self-harm, while cognitive facets of impulsivity are associated with the maintenance of self-harm. In addition, behavioural impulsivity is most relevant to self-harm under conditions of negative affect. Collectively, the findings indicate that distinct impulsivity facets confer unique risks across the life-course of self-harm. From a clinical perspective, the review suggests that interventions focusing on reducing rash reactivity to emotions or improving self-regulation and decision making may offer most benefit in supporting those who self-harm.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Affect; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 27815757
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0915-5 -
Pediatrics Jul 2015Poor health in adolescence has the potential to disrupt education and employment pathways. This study is the first systematic review of the literature examining... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Poor health in adolescence has the potential to disrupt education and employment pathways. This study is the first systematic review of the literature examining education and employment outcomes in adulthood of poor adolescent mental and physical health.
METHODS
We conducted searches using a standardized search protocol in 8 electronic databases: PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, ERIC, British Education Index, Australian Education Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, and CINAHL Plus. We identified studies that longitudinally compared adult education and employment outcomes of those with an adolescent chronic condition of clinical severity with healthy controls. We conducted meta-analyses using odds ratios (for dichotomous variables) and Cohen's d (for continuous variables) as our main summary statistics.
RESULTS
We identified 27 studies incorporating 70 relevant analyses. Our meta-analyses suggested that overall, poor health in adolescence was associated with poorer education and employment outcomes in adulthood. However, evidence was much stronger for mental health conditions than for physical health conditions, for which less evidence was available and mixed findings emerged. Compared with mental health conditions, we identified few studies investigating the long-term outcomes of physical health conditions. Age and follow-up times varied considerably across our studies, which potentially resulted in some heterogeneity in effect sizes. The majority of included studies were conducted in the United States, raising questions about the generalizability of the results internationally.
CONCLUSIONS
Health in adolescence contributes to adult attainment and life chances. The results suggest that investment in health may improve life chances and that policy interventions may improve outcomes for those with adolescent chronic conditions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health Services; Adult; Employment; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health
PubMed: 26101362
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2105