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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Feb 2023Perceived age is defined as how old a person looks to external evaluators. It reflects the underlying biological age, which is a measure based on physical and...
INTRODUCTION
Perceived age is defined as how old a person looks to external evaluators. It reflects the underlying biological age, which is a measure based on physical and physiological parameters reflecting a person's aging process more accurately than chronological age. People with a higher biological age have shorter lives compared to those with a lower biological age with the same chronological age. Our review aims to find whether increased perceived age is a risk factor for overall mortality risk or comorbidities.
METHODS
A literature search of three databases was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines for studies analyzing perceived age or isolated facial characteristics of old age and their relationship to mortality risk or comorbidity outcomes. Data on the number of patients, type and characteristics of evaluation methods, evaluator characteristics, mean chronologic age, facial characteristics studied, measured outcomes, and study results were collected.
RESULTS
Out of 977 studies, 15 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies found an increase in mortality risk of 6-51% in older-looking people compared to controls (HR 1.06-1.51, p < 0.05). In addition, perceived age and some facial characteristics of old age were also associated with cardiovascular risk and myocardial infarction, cognitive function, bone mineral density, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
CONCLUSION
Perceived age promises to be a clinically useful predictor of overall mortality and cardiovascular, pulmonary, cognitive, and osseous comorbidities.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Aged; Humans; Comorbidity; Age Factors; Mortality
PubMed: 35650301
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02932-5 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Aug 2016Observational studies showed that women with a donor oocyte (DO) pregnancy have an increased risk of pregnancy complications. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Observational studies showed that women with a donor oocyte (DO) pregnancy have an increased risk of pregnancy complications.
OBJECTIVES
Systematic review and meta-analysis to compare pregnancy complications of DO pregnancy with autologous oocyte in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and whether DO pregnancy acts as an independent risk factor.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Online searches of databases from 1 January 1980 to 31 January 2015 were performed using a set of relevant keywords.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All studies comparing pregnancy complications of women with donor oocyte IVF and autologous oocyte IVF were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data collected included demographics and pregnancy complications. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using review manager 5.3 and stata 13.0. Meta-regression was performed for age.
MAIN RESULTS
In total, 11 studies (n = 81 752) were included. Ten studies (n = 11 539) examined the primary outcome. The risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was significantly higher for DO pregnancy (odds ratio, OR 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 3.21-4.78). Further subgroup analysis for singleton and twin pregnancies showed that the risk was significantly higher for DO pregnancy in each group. Secondary outcomes including small for gestational age (OR 1.81), caesarean section (OR 2.71), and preterm delivery (OR 1.34) were significantly higher with DO pregnancy. Meta-regression for the covariate of age suggested that risk was independent of age.
AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS
Donor oocyte pregnancy acts as an independent risk factor for pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders, small for gestational age, and preterm delivery. Women should be counselled carefully before undergoing DO-assisted conception.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Donor oocyte conception is an independent risk factor for obstetric complications.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cesarean Section; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Maternal Age; Odds Ratio; Oocyte Donation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26854328
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13910 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Aug 2014This study aims to summarize evidence on the relation between neighborhood deprivation and the risks for preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, and stillbirth. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to summarize evidence on the relation between neighborhood deprivation and the risks for preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, and stillbirth.
DESIGN
The design was a systematic review and meta-analysis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The main outcome measures included studies that directly compared the risk of living in the most deprived neighborhood quintile with least deprived quintile for at least one perinatal outcome of interest (preterm delivery, small-for-gestational age and stillbirth).
METHODS
Study selection was based on a search of Medline, Embase and Web of Science for articles published up to April 2012, reference list screening, and email contact with authors. Data on study characteristics, outcome measures, and quality were extracted by two independent investigators. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate unadjusted and adjusted summary odds ratios with the associated 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
We identified 2863 articles, of which 24 were included in a systematic review. A meta-analysis (n = 7 studies, including 2 579 032 pregnancies) assessed the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes by comparing the most deprived neighborhood quintile with the least deprived quintile. Compared with the least deprived quintile, odds ratios for adverse perinatal outcomes in the most deprived neighborhood quintile were significantly increased for preterm delivery (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.28), small-for-gestational age (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.34), and stillbirth (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.45).
CONCLUSIONS
Living in a deprived neighborhood is associated with preterm birth, small-for-gestational age and stillbirth.
Topics: Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Global Health; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Models, Statistical; Odds Ratio; Poverty Areas; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Stillbirth; Urban Health
PubMed: 24834960
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12430 -
Relative Age Effects Across and Within Female Sport Contexts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2018Subtle differences in chronological age within sport (bi-) annual-age groupings can contribute to immediate participation and long-term attainment discrepancies; known... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Subtle differences in chronological age within sport (bi-) annual-age groupings can contribute to immediate participation and long-term attainment discrepancies; known as the relative age effect. Voluminous studies have examined relative age effects in male sport; however, their prevalence and context-specific magnitude in female sport remain undetermined.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and magnitude of relative age effects in female sport via examination of published data spanning 1984-2016.
METHODS
Registered with PROSPERO (No. 42016053497) and using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis systematic search guidelines, 57 studies were identified, containing 308 independent samples across 25 sports. Distribution data were synthesised using odds ratio meta-analyses, applying an invariance random-effects model. Follow-up subgroup category analyses examined whether relative age effect magnitudes were moderated by age group, competition level, sport type, sport context and study quality.
RESULTS
When comparing the relatively oldest (quartile 1) vs. youngest (quartile 4) individuals across all female sport contexts, the overall pooled estimate identified a significant but small relative age effect (odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.30; p = 0.01; odds ratio adjusted = 1.21). Subgroup analyses revealed the relative age effect magnitude was higher in pre-adolescent (≤ 11 years) and adolescent (12-14 years) age groups and at higher competition levels. Relative age effect magnitudes were higher in team-based and individual sport contexts associated with high physiological demands.
CONCLUSION
The findings highlight relative age effects are prevalent across the female sport contexts examined. Relative age effect magnitude is moderated by interactions between developmental stages, competition level and sport context demands. Modifications to sport policy, organisational and athlete development system structure, as well as practitioner intervention are recommended to prevent relative age effect-related participation and longer term attainment inequalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Australia; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Physical Education and Training; Sports
PubMed: 29536262
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0890-8 -
BMJ Open Oct 2016Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Nursing home residents (NHRs) are frequently suffering from multimorbidity, functional and cognitive impairment, often leading to hospital admissions. Studies have found that male NHRs are more often hospitalised. The influence of age is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hospitalisations in NHRs, particularly focusing on age-specific and sex-specific differences.
DESIGN
A systematic review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. Quality of studies was assessed.
SETTING
Studies conducted in nursing homes were included.
PARTICIPANTS
Nursing home residents.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES
Outcome measures were the prevalence, incidence or duration of all-cause hospitalisation by age or sex.
RESULTS
We identified 21 studies, 13 were conducted in the USA. The proportion of residents being hospitalised ranged across studies from 6.8% to 45.7% for various time periods of follow-up. A total of 20 studies assessed the influence of sex and found that hospitalisations are more often in male NHRs. A total of 16 studies conducted multivariate analyses and the OR of hospitalisation for males was between 1.22 and 1.67. Overall, 18 studies assessed the influence of age. Some studies showed an increasing proportion of admissions with increasing age, but several studies also found decreasing hospitalisations above the age of about 80-85 years. 8 of 13 studies conducting multivariate analyses included age as a continuous variable. Only 1 study reported stratified analyses by age and sex. 2 studies investigating primary causes of hospitalisation stratified by sex found some differences in main diagnoses.
DISCUSSION
Male NHRs are more often hospitalised than females, but reasons for that are not well investigated. The influence of age is less clear, but there seems to be no clear linear relationship between age and the proportion being hospitalised. Further studies should investigate age and sex differences in frequencies and reasons for hospitalisation in NHRs.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Age Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Malnutrition; Nursing Homes; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Polypharmacy; Prevalence; Sex Factors
PubMed: 27855090
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011912 -
Aging Feb 2023Female fertility decreases with age. A decline in oocyte quality plays a key role in reproductive problems in older women. Whether advanced maternal age (AMA) is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Female fertility decreases with age. A decline in oocyte quality plays a key role in reproductive problems in older women. Whether advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with a decline in endometrial receptivity (ER) remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationship between AMA and ER. Eighteen eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 18 studies, 17, 8, 14, and 9 studies reported the impact of AMA on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR), miscarriage rate (MR), and live birth rate (LBR), respectively. The combined results showed a trend (without significance) toward lower CPR in women with AMA than in younger women. A similar trend of worse outcomes in terms of IR was observed in women with AMA. A significantly higher MR and lower LBR were observed in infertile women with AMA than in younger women. In conclusion, there was a slightly lower IR and CPR without significance; however, significantly increased MR and decreased LBR were observed in women with AMA than in younger women, indicating that AMA is related to the decline of ER. Further prospective cohort studies with a preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy model are needed to observe the relationship between AMA and ER and explore the possible mechanisms.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Maternal Age; Pregnancy Rate; Infertility, Female; Prospective Studies; Embryo Implantation; Abortion, Spontaneous
PubMed: 37036802
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204555 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica May 2017To examine sex and age distributions in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) patients based on a systematic literature review. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To examine sex and age distributions in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) patients based on a systematic literature review.
METHOD
EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched to identify any observation of NMS published from January 1, 1998 through November 1, 2014 that was accessible and interpretable (using language translation software). Redundant and equivocal reports were excluded. Sex ratio and age distributions were examined using standard graphical techniques and measures of association.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight independent sex ratio estimates were included. Males predominated in most (75%) estimates with an overall median sex ratio of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.20-1.80). NMS incidence peaked at age 20-25 years and declined steadily thereafter, with males consistently outnumbering females at all but the oldest age intervals.
CONCLUSION
NMS patients are 50% more likely to be males, and NMS is most likely to occur in young adulthood.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Sex Characteristics; Young Adult
PubMed: 28144982
DOI: 10.1111/acps.12694 -
PloS One 2023Iron deficiency is negatively associated with children's cognitive development. Evidence showed that iron supplementation improves cognitive development. Nearly 50% of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Iron deficiency is negatively associated with children's cognitive development. Evidence showed that iron supplementation improves cognitive development. Nearly 50% of anemia is caused by iron deficiency. Anemia affects more school-age children, at an age where their brain development continues. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to review the evidence from published randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of iron supplementation on cognitive development and function among school-age children.
METHOD
Five databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL were used to search for articles on April 20th, 2021. The search was reconducted on October 13th, 2022 to retrieve new records. Studies were eligible if they included school children 6-12 years of age, were randomized controlled trials, and if they tested iron supplementation and measured cognitive development.
RESULT
Thirteen articles were included in the systematic review. Overall, iron supplementation significantly improved intelligence (standardized mean difference, 95% confidence interval) (SMD 0.46, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.73, P<0.001), attention and concentration (SMD 0.44, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.81, P = 0.02) and memory (SMD 0.44, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.67, P <0.001) of school-age children. There was no significant effect of iron supplementation on school achievement of school-age children (SMD 0.06, 95%CI: -0.15, 0.26, P = 0.56). In a subgroup analysis, iron-supplemented children who were anemic at baseline had had better outcomes of intelligence (SMD 0.79, 95%CI: 0.41, 1.16, P = 0.001) and memory (SMD 0.47, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.81; P = 0.006).
CONCLUSION
Iron supplementation has a significant positive effect on the intelligence, attention and concentration, and the memory of school-age children but there was no evidence on the effect of iron supplementation on their school achievement.
Topics: Humans; Child; Iron; Cognition; Anemia; Dietary Supplements; Iron Deficiencies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37368919
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287703 -
International Urogynecology Journal Jan 2022Age is named as a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), despite not being the primary outcome for many observational studies. Postmenopausal status is another... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Age is named as a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), despite not being the primary outcome for many observational studies. Postmenopausal status is another associated factor but has many confounders. We aimed to systematically review the role of age and/or postmenopausal status in POP development.
METHODS
Systematic review addressing age and hormones, more specifically by postmenopausal status, from inception to March 2020 in four databases (PubMed, Embase, WOS, Cochrane Library). Quality of evidence was classified by the ROBINS-I classification for non-randomized studies. Experimental studies, animal studies, studies linking age with recurrent POP and case series were excluded. Effect estimates were collected from adjusted odds ratio plus 95% confidence intervals. Significance level was 5%. A discussion exploring mechanistic factors was also included.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies (11 cross sectional, 6 cohort and 2 case control) were included for quantitative analysis. Only two studies presented a low overall risk of bias for age; most of the domains were of moderate risk. Every additional year was responsible for a 10% increase in the risk to develop POP (OR = 1.102 [1.021-1.190]; i = 80%, random analysis, p = 0.012). This trend was confirmed when age was dichotomized into a cutoff of 35 (p = 0.035) and 50 (p < 0.001) years. Although an increase in the risk for POP was noted in postmenopausal women, this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.080 [0.927-4.668], i = 0%, p = 0.076).
CONCLUSION
Age is a risk factor for POP; postmenopausal status was not statistically associated with POP, prompting the need for further studies addressing this factor.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Postmenopause; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34351465
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-021-04953-1 -
Journal of Developmental Origins of... Dec 2016The decline in age of pubertal timing has serious public health implications ranging from psychosocial adjustment problems to a possible increase in reproductive... (Review)
Review
The decline in age of pubertal timing has serious public health implications ranging from psychosocial adjustment problems to a possible increase in reproductive cancers. One biologically plausible explanation for the decline is a decrease in exposures to infections. To systematically review studies that assess the role of infection in pubertal timing, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched and retrieved studies were reviewed for eligibility. Eligible studies examined the association between infections, including microbial exposures, and physical pubertal characteristics (breast, genitalia and pubic hair development) or age at menarche. We excluded studies that were published in a language other than English, focused on precocious puberty, were case studies, and/or included youth with autoimmune diseases. We report on study design, population characteristics, measurement of infection and puberty and the main effects of infection on pubertal development. Based on our search terms we identified 1372 unique articles, of which only 15 human and five animal studies met our eligibility criteria. Not all studies examined all outcomes. Infection was associated with later breast development (4/4 human studies), with less consistent evidence for genitalia and pubic hair development. Seven studies assessed age at menarche with inconsistent findings (three supporting later, four no association). We conclude that a small but consistent literature supports that infection is associated with later breast development; the evidence for other pubertal events and age at menarche is less clear. Where fewer childhood infections coincide with the rise in incidence of hormone-related cancers.
Topics: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Female; Humans; Infections; Puberty; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 27827292
DOI: 10.1017/S2040174416000313