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Medicine Oct 2021Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Intra-hospital falls have become an important public health problem globally. The use of movement sensors with alarms has been studied as elements with predictive capacity for falls at hospital level. However, in spite of their use in some hospitals throughout the world, evidence is lacking about their effectiveness in reducing intra-hospital falls. Therefore, this study aims to develop a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing scientific literature exploring the impact of using sensors for fall prevention in hospitalized adults and the elderly population.
METHODS
We explored literature based on clinical trials in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, assessing the impact of devices used for hospital fall prevention in adult and elderly populations. The search included databases such as IEEE Xplore, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases. The critical appraisal was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality was assessed based on the ratings of individual biases. We performed the sum of the results, generating an estimation of the grouped effect (Relative Risk, 95% CI) for the outcome first fall for each patient. We assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. The study followed PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Results were assessed in three randomized controlled clinical trials, including 29,691 patients. A total of 351 (3%) patients fell among 11,769 patients assigned to the intervention group, compared with 426 (2.4%) patients who fell among 17,922 patients assigned to the control group (general estimation RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04, 1.37, P = .02, I2 = 0%; Moderate GRADE).
CONCLUSION
Our results show an increase of 19% in falls among elderly patients who are users of sensors located in their bed, bed-chair, or chair among their hospitalizations. Other types of sensors such as wearable sensors can be explored as coadjutants for fall prevention care in hospitals.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Data Management; Female; Hospital Design and Construction; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Primary Prevention; Protective Devices; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34731123
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027467 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2023Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU acquired pneumonia among patients who are invasively intubated for mechanical ventilation. Patients with VAP...
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common ICU acquired pneumonia among patients who are invasively intubated for mechanical ventilation. Patients with VAP suffer an increased mortality risk, financial burden, and length of stay in the hospital. The authors aimed to review the literature to describe the incidence, mortality, and microbiological evidence of VAP. We selected 13 peer-reviewed articles published from 1 January 2010 to 15 September 2022 from electronic databases for studies among adult or pediatric patients diagnosed with VAP expressed per thousand days admitted in the ICU. The VAP rates ranged from 7 to 43 per thousand days, varying among different countries of the world. A significant rate of mortality was observed in 13 studies ranging from 6.3 to 66.9%. Gram-negative organisms like Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus were frequently found. Our findings suggest an alarming situation of VAP among patients admitted to the intensive care units with increasing incidence and mortality. The review also found that VAP is more common in males and that there is a significant variation in the incidence and mortality rates of VAP among different countries. The findings of this review can inform the development of infection control and prevention strategies to reduce the burden of VAP. Thus, there is a crucial need for control and preventive measures like interventional studies and educational programs on staff training, hand-hygiene, and the appropriate use of ventilator bundle approach to curb this preventable threat that is increasing at an alarming rate.
PubMed: 37363470
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000836 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2019Adolescents' media use represents a normative need for information, communication, recreation and functionality, yet problematic Internet use has increased. Given the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Adolescents' media use represents a normative need for information, communication, recreation and functionality, yet problematic Internet use has increased. Given the arguably alarming prevalence rates worldwide and the increasingly problematic use of gaming and social media, the need for an integration of prevention efforts appears to be timely. The aim of this systematic literature review is (i) to identify school-based prevention programmes or protocols for Internet Addiction targeting adolescents within the school context and to examine the programmes' effectiveness, and (ii) to highlight strengths, limitations, and best practices to inform the design of new initiatives, by capitalizing on these studies' recommendations. The findings of the reviewed studies to date presented mixed outcomes and are in need of further empirical evidence. The current review identified the following needs to be addressed in future designs to: (i) define the clinical status of Internet Addiction (IA) more precisely, (ii) use more current psychometrically robust assessment tools for the measurement of effectiveness (based on the most recent empirical developments), (iii) reconsider the main outcome of Internet time reduction as it appears to be problematic, (iv) build methodologically sound evidence-based prevention programmes, (v) focus on skill enhancement and the use of protective and harm-reducing factors, and (vi) include IA as one of the risk behaviours in multi-risk behaviour interventions. These appear to be crucial factors in addressing future research designs and the formulation of new prevention initiatives. Validated findings could then inform promising strategies for IA and gaming prevention in public policy and education.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Internet; Program Evaluation; Protective Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; School Health Services; Schools; Social Media
PubMed: 30101714
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X16666180813153806 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jan 2015Nocturnal enuresis affects 15% to 20% of 5-year-old children, 5% of 10-year-old children, and 1% to 2% of people aged 15 years and older. Without treatment, 15% of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Nocturnal enuresis affects 15% to 20% of 5-year-old children, 5% of 10-year-old children, and 1% to 2% of people aged 15 years and older. Without treatment, 15% of affected children will become dry each year. Nocturnal enuresis is not diagnosed in children younger than 5 years, and treatment may be inappropriate for children younger than 7 years.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for relief of symptoms of nocturnal enuresis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found five studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, dry bed training, enuresis alarm, and hypnotherapy.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Clinical Alarms; Humans; Hypnosis; Nocturnal Enuresis; Safety; Teaching
PubMed: 25585036
DOI: No ID Found -
Global Health Research and Policy 2019Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Nepal.
METHODS
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed, and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed. Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified, and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3% (95% CI: 23.8-30.9) and 35.4% (30.3-40.8). The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4% (22.4-34.7), 25.5% (21.4-29.8), and 24.4% (17.9-31.6) among urban, suburban, and rural populations, respectively. Moreover, rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male (31.6%, 27.3-36.1) compared to female (20.0%, 14.2-26.6), and significantly higher among the middle-aged (≥40 years; 36.8%, 29.4-44.5) than among younger adults (< 40 years; 13.2%, 9.2-17.7). Further, prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas (40.4%, 25.4-56.4) followed by urban areas (29.3%, 20.8-38.5) and lowest in suburban areas (25.5%, 18.9-32.7).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged, and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40 % of the population.
PubMed: 31165100
DOI: 10.1186/s41256-019-0102-6 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Dec 2023Hypnic headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks that occur exclusively during sleep, leading to awakening. Synthesizing the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Hypnic headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks that occur exclusively during sleep, leading to awakening. Synthesizing the available epidemiological data might inform clinical decision-making.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and Embase for observational studies on hypnic headache published between 1 May 2004, and 22 December 2022. Two investigators independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis with meta-regression to estimate the prevalence of hypnic headache and its clinical features based on epidemiologic data from population-based and clinic-based studies.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies, one population-based and 13 clinic-based, met our eligibility criteria. The population-based study did not identify any people with hypnic headache. From 11 clinic-based studies, the pooled relative frequency of hypnic headache was 0.21% (95%CI, 0.13 to 0.35%; = 87%) in adult patients evaluated for headache. The pooled mean age of onset was 60.5 years, with a slight female predisposition. Hypnic headache was typically bilateral (71%), pressing (73%), of moderate (38%) or severe (44%) pain intensity, and lasted about 115 minutes per attack.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data should be cautiously interpreted due to between-study heterogeneity. The identified clinical presentation of hypnic headache can guide clinical diagnosis, in addition to the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Headache Disorders, Primary; Sleep; Headache
PubMed: 38051816
DOI: 10.1177/03331024231218389 -
Revue D'epidemiologie Et de Sante... Oct 2022Suicide is a widespread phenomenon that affects persons of all ages, and it has become a major public health problem in Morocco. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Suicide is a widespread phenomenon that affects persons of all ages, and it has become a major public health problem in Morocco.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of suicide attempters in Morocco, as well as the identification of associated factors.
METHODS
The present work is a systematic review that was conducted according to the recommendations of the "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (2009)", including articles dealing with suicide attempts in Morocco that meet the usual inclusion criteria. The PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were searched; articles had to be written in English or French. Additional studies were manually identified through via Google Scholar. Quality assessment of the included studies was carried out according to the NIH Assessment Tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020165493).
RESULTS
Twenty studies were selected. Adults and adolescents are the age groups most affected by suicide. That said, the phenomenon mainly concerns children over 10 years of age. In some studies, more than 90% of the cases involve females, and they are more numerous in urban than in rural settings, and single individuals are more affected than married people. As for children and adolescents, most of them had divorced parents, and more than 50% of suicidal persons of all ages had a low socio-economic level. Although females are more likely than males to commit suicide, males are more exposed to death due to the violent means used.
CONCLUSIONS
Because of the alarming rate of suicide in our country, nationwide prevention strategies are called for.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Morocco; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 35927118
DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.05.006 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Obesity and psychiatric disorders have high prevalence and are both considered major health problems. Within the last decades, the rates of obesity have risen over 6%,... (Review)
Review
Obesity and psychiatric disorders have high prevalence and are both considered major health problems. Within the last decades, the rates of obesity have risen over 6%, while the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is over 12% for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence regarding the relation of obesity and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. This review, based on the PRISMA guidelines, included cross-sectional studies published within the last decade, pertaining to the relation between psychiatric disorders and obesity in children and adolescents up to the age of 19 years. Studies on eating disorders were excluded. A total of 14 studies of 23,442 children and adolescents that investigated the relation of obesity with anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis were included in this systematic review. Nine of the included studies reported a significant relationship between the psychiatric disorder under investigation and obesity. Understanding the nexus between obesity and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is of great importance, given the alarming increase in both conditions in youth. Such findings could facilitate the development and implementation of targeted interventions.
PubMed: 36832413
DOI: 10.3390/children10020285 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer Jul 2016Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, lung cancer has been the most common cancer type. This study aimed to determine the global status of lung cancer and to evaluate the use of computational methods in the early detection of lung cancer.
METHODS
We used lung cancer data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), India, and Egypt. For statistical analysis, we used incidence and mortality as well as survival rates to better understand the critical state of lung cancer.
RESULTS
In the UK and the US, we found a significant decrease in lung cancer mortalities in the period of 1990-2014, whereas, in India and Egypt, such a decrease was not much promising. Additionally, we observed that, in the UK and the US, the survival rates of women with lung cancer were higher than those of men. We observed that the data mining and evolutionary algorithms were efficient in lung cancer detection.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide an inclusive understanding of the incidences, mortalities, and survival rates of lung cancer in the UK, the US, India, and Egypt. The combined use of data mining and evolutionary algorithm can be efficient in lung cancer detection.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Egypt; Female; Humans; Incidence; India; Lung Neoplasms; Male; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 27473753
DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0135-x -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Aug 2023Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is the most common head-and-neck malignancy. Importantly, we are experiencing an alarming rise in the incidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is the most common head-and-neck malignancy. Importantly, we are experiencing an alarming rise in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) globally. Oncogenic viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are known to be co-associated with OSCC and OPSCC cases. However, the reported incidence of HPV and EBV co-infection in OSCCs and OPSCCs globally is unknown. To address this, we performed a formal meta-analysis and systematic review on published studies that report the detection of both EBV and HPV in OSCCs and OPSCCs. Our analysis revealed 18 relevant studies out of a total of 1820 cases (1181 from the oral cavity and 639 from the oropharynx). Overall, HPV and EBV co-infection was found in 11.9% of OSCC and OPSCC cases combined (95% CI: 8%-14.1%). Based on anatomical subsite, dual positivity estimates were 10.5% (95% CI: 6.7%-15.1%) for OSCC and 14.2% (95% CI: 9.1%-21.3%) for OPSCC. The highest dual positivity rates described were in European countries: for OSCC 34.7% (95% CI: 25.9%-44.6%) in Sweden and for OPSCC, 23.4% (95% CI: 16.9%-31.5%) in Poland. Given these substantive prevalence rates, the value of detecting dual infection in the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers deserves careful longitudinal studies, as do implications for cancer prevention and therapy. We further proposed molecular mechanisms that could explain how HPV and EBV could co-contribute to the aetiology of OSCCs and OPSCCs.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Coinfection; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37014754
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12412