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Maternal and Child Health Journal Oct 2022Violence against pregnant women is a significant public health problem, resulting in disability and various physical and mental health disorders. This systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Violence against pregnant women is a significant public health problem, resulting in disability and various physical and mental health disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the prevalence of physical, verbal, sexual, psychological, emotional, economic, and other types of violence among pregnant women in Iran.
METHODS
Bibliographic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, and also Iranian databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Civilica were searched from 2002 to September 16, 2020. Following a random-effects meta-analysis, we estimated the pooled prevalence of exposure to different types of violence among Iranian pregnant women. Overall, 61 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in this systematic review.
RESULTS
The prevalence of physical violence was 19.0% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 14.0, 24.0), verbal violence was 42.0% (95% CI: 24.0, 61.0), sexual violence was 26.0% (95% CI: 20.0, 32.0), psychological violence was 37.0% (95% CI: 28.0, 46.0), emotional violence was 51.0% (95% CI: 40.0, 62.0), economic 39.0% (95% CI: 19.0, 60.0), and the prevalence of other types of violence was 54.0% (95% CI: 46.0, 62.0).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that Iranian pregnant women are often exposed to different types of violence. Therefore, screening for violence in this vulnerable group seems necessary due to the sensitive nature of pregnancy and its importance in maternal health. This alarming rate of violence calls for adopting upstream policies and interventions to reduce violent practices against pregnant women in Iran.
Topics: Female; Humans; Iran; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prevalence; Violence
PubMed: 35947277
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03463-w -
The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Sep 2014Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, insulin resistance is being diagnosed nowadays in a growing population of diabetic and obese patients, especially in industrialized societies. There are lots of conventional agents available to control and to treat diabetes, but total recovery from this disorder has not been reported up to this date. Plants provided a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. A few reviews with less attention paid to mechanisms of action have been published on antidiabetic plants.
OBJECTIVES
The present review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in improving insulin sensitivity associated with diabetes.
KEY FINDINGS
In this work, an updated systematic review of the published literature has been conducted to review the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity and 111 medicinal plants have been reported to have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity using several in-vitro and in-vivo animal models of diabetes.
CONCLUSION
The different metabolic and cellular effects of the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity are reported indicating the important role of medicinal plants as potential alternative or complementary use in controlling insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 24730446
DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12243 -
Journal of International Society of... 2023This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research. (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: "scientific misconduct," "Publications," "plagiarism," and "authorship," and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." Of 7771 articles that appeared in the search, 107 were selected for inspection. The articles were screened for their quality and inclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an Open-Source, Open Meta Analyst, statistical software using the package "metaphor."
RESULTS
Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification were prevalent in most articles reviewed. The prevalence of research misconduct for plagiarism was 4.2% for self-reported and 27.9% for nonself-reported studies. Data fabrication was 4.5% in self-reported and 21.7% in nonself-reported studies. Data falsification was 9.7% in self-reported and 33.4% in nonself-reported studies, with significant heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis gives a pooled estimate of the misconduct in research done in biomedical fields such as medicine, dental, pharmacy, and others across the world. We found that there is an alarming rate of misconduct in recent nonself-reported studies, and they were higher than that in the self-reported studies.
PubMed: 37566729
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_220_22 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Dec 2023The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-resistant (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an important global... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-resistant (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an important global public health challenge. This threat is even more pertinent in clinical settings. Morbidity and mortality associated with this condition are alarming particularly in the developing regions of the world. A comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiology of this phenomenon will assist towards the global effort of reducing its burden. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology of MDR K. pneumoniae in South-Eastern Asia (SEA). The study was done under the PRISMA guidelines and was preceded by the development of a priori protocol. The protocol was then registered in PROSPERO-the public registry for systematic reviews. Seven important outcomes which include the assessment of the overall MDR K. pneumoniae prevalence were designed to be evaluated. A literature search was carried out in five selected electronic databases and 4389 were screened. Of these articles, 21 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies. By conducting a quality effect meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence for MDR and ESBL K. pneumoniae in SEA was estimated at 55% (CI 9-96) and 27% (CI 32-100) respectively. The review also identified ESBL genes types of allodemic situations occurring mostly in respiratory tract infections. The high prevalence of MDR and ESBL K. pneumoniae in this subregion is highly significant and of both public health and clinical relevance. Overall, the findings of this review will assist in the effective prevention and control of this threat in SEA.
Topics: Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Klebsiella Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Asia, Eastern
PubMed: 38062531
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01346-5 -
Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 2022Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus that infects approximately 2.5 billion people around the world. The incidence of dengue fever has rapidly increased at an alarming... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus that infects approximately 2.5 billion people around the world. The incidence of dengue fever has rapidly increased at an alarming rate in the last few years and has affected thousands of people in Pakistan. This review explores the prevalence, serotypes and pathogenesis of dengue virus circulating in Pakistan.
METHODS
A systematic review of observational studies published between 1994 and December 2019 was performed. All records of the confirmed outbreak of dengue fever in Pakistan were reviewed and articles containing no primary data were excluded.
RESULTS
Four identified serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4) circulate in different regions of the world causing epidemics. The most prevalent serotype, which is still epidemic and dominant in Pakistan, is DENV-2. Many factors like over-population, rapid urbanization, travelling, lack of vector control in dengue endemic areas and inadequate health-care are responsible of dynamic and huge raise of dengue in Pakistan.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION
Currently there is no specific treatment for prevention of dengue virus. Recently some antiviral compounds were being tested to eradicate this disease. There is a need to develop an efficient and safe vaccine for all four serotypes to combat dengue viral infection globally and particularly in Pakistan.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Humans; Pakistan; Serogroup
PubMed: 36124476
DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.331412 -
Global Pediatric Health 2023Neonatal death is still alarming in low-income countries including Ethiopia, accounts 30 death per 1000 alive births. Birth trauma is the second most common...
Neonatal death is still alarming in low-income countries including Ethiopia, accounts 30 death per 1000 alive births. Birth trauma is the second most common contributing factors for the death. Nevertheless, there is no aggregate evidence on the prevalence and patterns of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence and patterns of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Searching databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Popline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINHAL (EBSCO), Google, Google Scholar, and lists of references were used to search literatures in Ethiopia. STATA version 14 was used for analysis, and the odds ratios of the outcome variable were determined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed by computing values for and -values. Also, sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were done to assess the stability of pooled values to outliers and publication bias. A total of 6 studies with a sample size of 3663 were included in this study. The overall prevalence of neonatal birth trauma was 15% (95% CI: 13-16). Subgaleal hemorrhage (39%), cephalohematoma (27%), and caput succedaneum (24%) were the most common neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses showed the stability of the pooled odds ratios, and the funnel plots did not show publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Moreover, most of the neonatal birth injuries were severe and life-threatening that need medical attention to safe the neonates and its life long complications.
PubMed: 37602141
DOI: 10.1177/2333794X231191982 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023An alarming increase in the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has threatened the treatment and management of bacterial... (Review)
Review
An alarming increase in the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has threatened the treatment and management of bacterial infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative estimate of the prevalence of ESBL among the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family by analyzing the community-based and clinical studies published between 2011 and 2021 from Nepal and determine if ESBL-PE correlates with multidrug resistance (MDR). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for systematic review and meta-analysis and the articles' quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of the 2529 articles screened, 65 articles were systematically reviewed, data extracted, and included in in-depth meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of ESBL-producers in Enterobacteriaceae was 29 % (95 % CI: 26-32 %) with high heterogeneity (I = 96 %, p < 0.001). Escherichia coli was the predominant ESBL-producing member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, followed by Citrobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. The prevalence of ESBL-PE increased from 18.7 % in 2011 to 29.5 % in 2021. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.98) was observed between ESBL production and MDR in Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL-PE isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporins, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and bla type was the most reported gene variant among ESBL-PE. In conclusion, this study demonstrated an increased prevalence of ESBL-PE in Nepal over the last decade, and such isolates showed a high level of MDR against the β-lactams and non-β-lactam antibiotics. Tackling the rising antibiotic resistance (AR) and MDR in ESBL-PE would require concerted efforts from all stakeholders to institute effective infection control programs in the community and clinical settings.
PubMed: 37572913
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166164 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2023The annual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at an alarming rate. The prognosis of EOCRC remains controversial, and whether the early...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The annual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at an alarming rate. The prognosis of EOCRC remains controversial, and whether the early onset is a risk factor for colorectal cancer remains unclear.
METHODS
We searched four electronic bibliographic databases from database inception to April 25, 2022 for studies that included both early- and later-onset patients and performed a prognostic analysis. Random-effects models were used to summarize the prognostic information extracted by the investigators, including overall survival (OS), cancer-special survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to compare patients' long-term prognoses in different age subgroups.
RESULTS
After 694 reports were screened, 13 studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 448,781 CRC cases. In the meta-analysis of the 5-year OS, EOCRC had a better prognosis compared to LOCRC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.99; relative risk [RR] 0.83, 95% CI, 0.78-0.89). No difference in prognosis was found between the two groups in terms of 5-year CSS (RR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.93-1.05), 5-year DFS (RR 0.90, 95% CI, 0.74-1.09), and short-term OS. In the NMA, patients aged <30 years had the worst outcome (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 15.8%) in 5-year OS; consistent results were observed in the analysis of 5-year CSS (<30 years, SUCRA 4.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Although patients with early-onset CRC had better OS than those with later-onset CRC, there was no difference in the CSS. Meanwhile, the trend for survival was worse in younger patients, especially in those ages 18-29 years. Thus, more attention should be paid to early diagnosis and treatment of EOCRC.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSIS REGISTRATION
The systematic review and Meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022334697).
PubMed: 37313533
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1307 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jun 2023To present two cases of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) agenesis and conduct a systematic review to assess for associations with other anomalies and intracranial aneurysms. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To present two cases of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) agenesis and conduct a systematic review to assess for associations with other anomalies and intracranial aneurysms.
METHODOLOGY
We performed a retrospective review of published cases of patients with ICA agenesis with intercavernous anastomosis in MEDLINE database on August 2022 using search terms "internal carotid artery", "agenesis" and "transcavernous anastomosis". We also included two cases of ICA agenesis with type D collateral that we encountered.
RESULTS
Total of 46 studies that included 48 patients and two of our cases resulted in 50 patients. Only 70% of studies reported the location of a collateral vessel of which more than two-thirds were on the floor of sella. More than half of the vessels connected cavernous segments of ICA. A1 segment ipsilateral to the side of ICA agenesis was absent in most of the cases but was not true for all cases. Aneurysm was seen in more than one-quarter of the patients. It can also mimic microadenoma as in prior reported cases as well as in one of our cases.
CONCLUSION
ICA agenesis with type D collateral is a rare anomaly but clinically relevant due to the increased risk of an aneurysm or mimic microadenoma or false alarm for occlusion of ICA but knowledge of this rare variant can help in better management of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Carotid Artery, Internal; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebral Veins; Intracranial Aneurysm; Vascular Malformations; Anastomosis, Surgical
PubMed: 36899092
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03117-8 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2022The alarming growth in online gaming activities in recent years calls for an understanding of the determinants of gaming behaviors among adolescents and young adults. A... (Review)
Review
The alarming growth in online gaming activities in recent years calls for an understanding of the determinants of gaming behaviors among adolescents and young adults. A systematic review was conducted to collate and review all the research studies concerning the understanding of the gaming motives. Relevant published articles were identified through the electronic search from PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Sciencedirect, and APA databases. The review identified four major topics of gaming motives, namely gaming behavior, gaming usage pattern, gaming demographics, and associated psychopathology. The review highlighted the role of motives in gaming use and psychopathology. The age of the player was associated with the expression of these motives. Further insights were drawn into the role of motive in the recreational and problematic use of gaming. The study findings emphasize the need to develop adequate interventions to prevent the occurrence of psychological impairments that would result from potentially problematic video gaming.
PubMed: 36419679
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_154_21