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Nutrients Feb 2022Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints.... (Review)
Review
Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints. Particularly in basketball, there is no consensus on the type, quantity or form of use in which these supplements should be administered. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is to highlight the ergo-nutritional aids that may be effective in basketball. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 31 December 2021; no year restriction was applied to the search strategy. There were no filters applied to the basketball players' level, gender, race, or age to increase the power of the analysis. The results of this systematic review have shown that the effective dose of caffeine to enhance anaerobic performance and the feeling of vigorousness and energy ranges from 3 to 6 mg·kg, showing more positive effects when is supplemented 60-75 min before exercise in the morning and in test-based task. On the other hand, vitamin E (ranging from 200 to 268 mg), vitamin D (10,000 IU) and EPA (2 g) may have a potential role in recovery and wellness. The primary limitation of this study is the scarcity of studies related to nutritional supplementation in basketball players. However, a major strength is that this is the first systematic review describing what ergo-nutritional aids may be specifically helpful for basketball. Despite the need for future studies, certain nutritional supplements may have promising advantages for basketball (long-term supplementation of nitrates for recovery), whereas others (β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, and acute nitrate supplementation) might theoretically be regarded as not interesting for basketball, or even not recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as bovine colostrum.
Topics: Animals; Basketball; Caffeine; Cattle; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 35276997
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030638 -
International Journal of Sports... Jan 2016Although the amount of evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on exercise performance is increasing, conclusions about its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although the amount of evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on exercise performance is increasing, conclusions about its efficacy cannot yet be drawn. Therefore, the purposes of this review were to determine the effect of IPC on exercise performance and identify the effects of different IPC procedures, exercise types, and subject characteristics on exercise performance. The analysis comprised 19 relevant studies from 2000 to 2015, 15 of which were included in the meta-analyses. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as the standardized mean difference. Overall, IPC had a small beneficial effect on exercise performance (ES = 0.43; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.51). The largest ES were found for aerobic (ES = 0.51; 90% CI, 0.35 to 0.67) and anaerobic (ES = 0.23; 90% CI, -0.12 to 0.58) exercise. In contrast, an unclear effect was observed in power and sprint performance (ES = 0.16; 90% CI, -0.20 to 0.52). In conclusion, IPC can effectively enhance aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Exercise Test; Humans; Ischemic Preconditioning; Physical Education and Training; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 26218309
DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0204 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The use of machine learning (ML) in anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing in popularity and improves the interpretation of complex system parameters for better operation... (Review)
Review
The use of machine learning (ML) in anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing in popularity and improves the interpretation of complex system parameters for better operation and optimisation. This systematic literature review aims to explore how ML is currently employed in AD, with particular attention to the challenges of implementation and the benefits of integrating ML techniques. While both lab and industry-scale datasets have been used for model training, challenges arise from varied system designs and the different monitoring equipment used. Traditional machine-learning techniques, predominantly artificial neural networks (ANN), are the most commonly used but face difficulties in scalability and interpretability. Specifically, models trained on lab-scale data often struggle to generalize to full-scale, real-world operations due to the complexity and variability in bacterial communities and system operations. In practical scenarios, machine learning can be employed in real-time operations for predictive modelling, ensuring system stability is maintained, resulting in improved efficiency of both biogas production and waste treatment processes. Through reviewing the ML techniques employed in wider applied domains, potential future research opportunities in addressing these challenges have been identified.
PubMed: 38136001
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121410 -
Journal of Environmental Management Oct 2022As food waste gets acknowledged as a global potential source of biomass, its valorization through anaerobic digestion becomes an attractive strategy. This work describes... (Review)
Review
As food waste gets acknowledged as a global potential source of biomass, its valorization through anaerobic digestion becomes an attractive strategy. This work describes the state-of-the-art on the valorization of food waste by anaerobic digestion and the optimization of the process. The methodology used was a bibliometric and systematic review of the optimization of the process from 66 articles selected. Bibliometric mapping allowed us to identify that, until now, most studies have been focused on the: i) anaerobic co-digestion strategy in order to stabilize the process, ii) interest in the generation of biofuels to replace non-renewable fuels, iii) study of metabolic processes for a better understanding of the system iv) reactor design optimization and others facilities to increase process efficiency. The systematic analysis showed that the operational parameters has been extensively studied to optimize the process. Therefore, co-digestion has been the main strategy to improve the process. In this sense, knowledge of the substrate and co-substrate is extremely important to operate the reactors. For methane production, the ideal operating conditions indicated were: pH of 7, solids content between 4.0 and 15%, C/N ratio of 25, hydraulic retention time from 25 to 40 days and alkalinity from 2850 to 2970.5mgCaCO/L. In addition, the ideal OLR will vary mainly according to operating temperature, number of reactor stages, and raw material characteristics. This review indicates trends and knowledge gaps that are important to guide new research on the anaerobic digestion of food waste, pointing out the potential advantages, optimization strategies, by-products of interest and challenges of the process. The results were used for the development of references of ideal operating conditions for energy production, being able to guide the design and operation of reactors.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bibliometrics; Biofuels; Bioreactors; Food; Methane; Refuse Disposal
PubMed: 35932740
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115763 -
PloS One 2022To determine cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function of people with CFS and FMS compared to healthy individuals. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function compared with healthy individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To determine cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function of people with CFS and FMS compared to healthy individuals.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PEDro from inception to June 2022.
ELIGIBLE CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Studies were included if presenting baseline data on cardiorespiratory fitness and/or neuromuscular function from observational or interventional studies of patients diagnosed with FMS or CFS. Participants were aged 18 years or older, with results also provided for healthy controls. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP).
RESULTS
99 studies including 9853 participants (5808 patients; 4405 healthy controls) met our eligibility criteria. Random effects meta-analysis showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, anaerobic threshold, peak lactate) and neuromuscular function (MVC, fatigability, voluntary activation, muscle volume, muscle mass, rate of perceived exertion) in CFS and FMS compared to controls: all with moderate to high effect sizes.
DISCUSSION
Our results demonstrate lower cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function in those living with FMS or CFS when compared to controls. There were indications of dysregulated neuro-muscular interactions including heightened perceptions of effort, reduced ability to activate the available musculature during exercise and reduced tolerance of exercise.
TRAIL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration number: (CRD42020184108).
Topics: Humans; Fibromyalgia; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Exercise; Lactates
PubMed: 36264901
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276009 -
Journal of Periodontology Oct 2017This systematic review assesses microbiologic profiles of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy implants based on studies that evaluated microbial biofilms and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review assesses microbiologic profiles of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy implants based on studies that evaluated microbial biofilms and entire microbiomes to establish their similarities and differences.
METHODS
The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online via PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched without language restrictions through July 30, 2016. Observational studies that evaluated microbial profiles or entire microbiomes of peri-implantitis compared with healthy implants or periodontitis were considered eligible for inclusion. A descriptive summary was created to determine quantity of data and interstudy variations.
RESULTS
Of 126 potentially eligible articles, 26 were included in this study. Twenty-one of these articles evaluated the microbiologic profile of peri-implantitis versus healthy implants or periodontitis using conventional microbiologic techniques. Five articles evaluated the entire microbiome using genomic sequencing. Teeth with periodontitis, healthy implants, or implants with peri-implantitis were colonized by periodontal microorganisms. Porphyromonas gingivalis and especially Prevotella intermedius/nigrescens were often identified at peri-implantitis sites. Peri-implantitis sites were also colonized by uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods, which were not frequently identified in teeth with periodontitis or healthy implants. Opportunistic microorganisms were not found very frequently in peri-implantitis sites.
CONCLUSIONS
Peri-implantitis represents a heterogeneous mixed infection that includes periodontopathic microorganisms, uncultivable asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods and other uncultivable Gram-negative rods, and, rarely, opportunistic microorganisms such as enteric rods and Staphylococcus aureus. Sequencing methods that evaluate the entire microbiome improve identification of microorganisms associated with peri-implantitis.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Microbiota; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 28625077
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170123 -
JAMA Network Open Jun 2023Preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and may improve surgical outcomes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Association of Preoperative High-Intensity Interval Training With Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Postoperative Outcomes Among Adults Undergoing Major Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
IMPORTANCE
Preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and may improve surgical outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize data from studies comparing the association of preoperative HIIT vs standard hospital care with preoperative CRF and postoperative outcomes.
DATA SOURCES
Data sources included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library, and Scopus databases with no language constraints, including abstracts and articles published before May 2023.
STUDY SELECTION
The databases were searched for randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies with HIIT protocols in adult patients undergoing major surgery. Thirty-four of 589 screened studies met initial selection criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
A meta-analysis was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted by multiple independent observers and pooled in a random-effects model.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was change in CRF, as measured by either peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2 peak) or 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications; hospital length of stay (LOS); and changes in quality of life, anaerobic threshold, and peak power output.
RESULTS
Twelve eligible studies including 832 patients were identified. Pooled results indicated several positive associations for HIIT when compared with standard care either on CRF (V̇o2 peak, 6MWT, anaerobic threshold, or peak power output) or postoperative outcomes (complications, LOS, quality of life), although there was significant heterogeneity in study results. In 8 studies including 627 patients, there was moderate-quality evidence of significant improvement in V̇o2 peak (cumulative mean difference, 2.59 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.52-3.65 mL/kg/min; P < .001). In 8 studies including 770 patients, there was moderate-quality evidence of a significant reduction in complications (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32-0.60; P < .001). There was no evidence that HIIT differed from standard care in hospital LOS (cumulative mean difference, -3.06 days; 95% CI, -6.41 to 0.29 days; P = .07). The analysis showed a high degree of heterogeneity in study outcomes and an overall low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that preoperative HIIT may be beneficial for surgical populations through the improvement of exercise capacity and reduced postoperative complications. These findings support including HIIT in prehabilitation programs before major surgery. The high degree of heterogeneity in both exercise protocols and study results supports the need for further prospective, well-designed studies.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; High-Intensity Interval Training; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37389875
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20527 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Nov 2022Accumulating evidence indicate that antibiotic use could induce microbiome dysbiosis, which was a critical driver to the onset and progression of colorectal cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Accumulating evidence indicate that antibiotic use could induce microbiome dysbiosis, which was a critical driver to the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). But the relationship between antibiotics use and CRC was still disputed. Hence, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise and synthesize the present available evidence to clarify the association.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant observational studies from inception to June 5, 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to explore the association between antibiotics use and CRC using random-effects model. Subgroup analyses, sensitive analyses, and publication bias were conducted to assess the robust reliability of pooled results.
RESULTS
A total of 15 observational studies containing 5,164,138 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis indicated that the total antibiotic use was correlated with increased risk of CRC (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). The subgroup analyses suggested that antibiotic use significantly elevated risk of colon cancer, but not rectal cancer. Furthermore, we found that penicillin, cephalosporin, anti-anaerobic, and anti-aerobic antibiotics increased the risk of CRC, in particular metronidazole but no significant associations were identified in macrolide, tetracycline, sulfonamides, nitrofurans, and quinolone use. The results of sensitive analyses and publication bias indicated the conclusions were robust.
CONCLUSION
The findings showed that antibiotics use may be associated with the onset of CRC. Policy-makers and clinicians should adequately assess possible benefits and harms of antibiotics use, especially in some high-risk populations. Also, for high-risk patients with previous antibiotics use, it was suggested to perform early colonoscopy screening to find or even eliminate early-stage CRC.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Reproducibility of Results; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Colonic Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36329204
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04276-7 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2015Physical exercise training may form an important part of regular care for people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of previously published reviews. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Physical exercise training may form an important part of regular care for people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of previously published reviews.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects of physical exercise training compared to no training on aerobic exercise capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, health-related quality of life and other patient-relevant (secondary) outcomes in cystic fibrosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.Date of the most recent search: 10 March 2015.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials comparing exercise training of any type and duration with conventional care in people with cystic fibrosis.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 48 studies identified, 13 studies which included 402 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The numbers in each study ranged from nine up to 72 participants; one study was in adults, six were in children and adolescents and six studies included all age ranges. Four studies of hospitalised participants lasted less than one month and nine studies were outpatient-based, lasting between two months and three years. The studies included participants with a wide range of disease severity and employed differing levels of supervision with a mixture of types of training. There was also wide variation in the quality of the included studies.This systematic review shows limited evidence from both short- and long-term studies that in people with cystic fibrosis aerobic or anaerobic physical exercise training or a combination of both has a positive effect on aerobic exercise capacity, pulmonary function and health-related quality of life. Although improvements are not consistent between studies and ranged from no effects to clearly positive effects, the most consistent effects of the heterogeneous exercise training modalities and durations were found for maximal aerobic exercise capacity (in four out of six studies) with unclear effects on FEV1 (in two out of 10 studies) and health-related quality of life (in two out of five studies).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence about the efficacy of physical exercise training in cystic fibrosis from 13 small studies with low to moderate methodological quality is limited. Exercise training is already part of regular outpatient care offered to most people with cystic fibrosis, and since there is some evidence for beneficial effects on aerobic fitness and no negative side effects exist, there is no reason to actively discourage this. The benefits from including physical exercise training in an individual's regular care may be influenced by the type and duration of the training programme. High quality randomised controlled trials are needed to comprehensively assess the benefits of exercise programmes in people with cystic fibrosis and the relative benefits of the addition of aerobic versus anaerobic versus a combination of both types of physical exercise training to the care of people with cystic fibrosis.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Exercise Therapy; Exercise Tolerance; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26116828
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002768.pub3 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2023The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the characteristics, causative microorganisms and outcome of brain abscesses caused by anaerobic...
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the characteristics, causative microorganisms and outcome of brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria over the past 25 years. We reviewed studies on brain abscesses which included infection due to anaerobic microorganisms published between 1998 and 2022. We excluded reports with polymicrobial infections (more than 2 anaerobic bacteria isolated) and those that do not provide enough information to make comparisons, the reports with only one case of brain abscess due to anaerobes, as well as those focused on an only anaerobic bacterium. Also, we have excluded the cases in pediatric population. We searched the scientific literature through the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PubMed/MEDLINE databases for studies of this condition. We finally included 28 studies with 6,167 patients, of which 715 (11.5%) were cases caused by anaerobic bacteria. There was a male predominance (70%) and mean age of 40.3 years. Most infections were monomicrobial (59.4%). The most common anaerobic microorganisms isolated were Bacteroides spp (43.4%) and Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (35.1%). Cases of brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria were most frequent in Asia and Europe. The source of infection most frequent was otogenic in 84.6% followed by a neurosurgery procedure infection in 23% of patients. The main symptom observed was headache in 95.6% of patients followed by fever (69.5%). Surgical treatment was performed in 48 % of patients and the percentage of patients in whom antibiotic treatment was applied range 88.8% to 100%. The main limitation of this review is the non-inclusion of studies published before of 1998 in which MALDI-TOF MS system had not been introduced in the majority of laboratories for routine identification. The patient rate with isolation of anaerobic bacteria in brain abscesses is low, but these data could be underestimated mainly due to the fastidious nature of these microorganisms and the difficulties in the identification of some anaerobes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Adult; Female; Anaerobiosis; Base Composition; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Brain Abscess; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Gram-Positive Cocci
PubMed: 36733997
DOI: 10.37201/req/114.2022