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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2015The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and periodontal status in children and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and periodontal status in children and adolescents. We searched PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and 7 additional databases, following the guidance of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, up to December 2014. Observational studies reporting data on the association between anthropometric measurements and periodontal diseases in 2-18-y-old participants were included. An initial search identified 4191 papers; 278 potentially effective studies (k = 0.82) and 16 effective studies (k = 0.83) were included after screening. The mean quality of evidence among the studies was 20.3, according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist (k = 0.79). Meta-analyses showed that obesity (measured by body mass index) was significantly associated with visible plaque index (OR: 4.75; 95% CI: 2.42, 9.34), bleeding on probing (OR: 5.41; 95% CI: 2.75, 10.63), subgingival calculus (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.62), probing depth (OR: 14.15; 95% CI: 5.10, 39.25) and flow rate of salivary secretion (standardized mean difference: -0.89; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.61). However, various results were reported in the effective studies that were not included in meta-analyses. In conclusion, obesity is associated with some signs of periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Further studies with a comprehensive prospective cohort design and more potential variables are recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Plaque; Energy Intake; Gingivitis; Humans; Inflammation; Obesity; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Salivation
PubMed: 26567204
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010017 -
Journal of the International Society of... Dec 2023Reference values of body fat for competitive volleyball players are lacking, making it difficult to interpret measurement results. This review systematically summarized... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Reference values of body fat for competitive volleyball players are lacking, making it difficult to interpret measurement results. This review systematically summarized published data on the relative body fat of volleyball players and calculated potential differences between sex, measurement method, and competitive level.
METHODS
The protocol followed the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The literature search was conducted using five electronic databases to retrieve all relevant publications from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2021. The 63 studies including 2607 players that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using random-effects models. Data were reported as pooled mean body fat with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Body fat for males and females was 12.8% (11.9-13.8%) and 22.8% (21.9-23.7%), respectively. Body fat was 18.3% (16.3-20.4%) measured via skinfolds, 18.4% (15.6-21.2%) via bioelectrical impedance analysis, 24.2% (20.4-28.0%) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 21.6% (17.4-25.8%) via densitometry. Regional, national, and international-level players had body fat values of 19.5% (17.8-21.2%), 20.3% (18.6-22.0%), and 17.9% (15.7-20.4%), respectively. When the meta-regression was adjusted for the variables sex, measurement method, and competitive level, a significant difference between sex ( < 0.001), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and skinfolds ( = 0.02), and national and international-level players ( = 0.02) was found. However, sensitivity analysis revealed that findings regarding measurement method and competitive level were not robust and should, therefore, be interpreted with caution.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations of published data, this meta-analysis provided pooled values for body fat of male and female volleyball players for different competitive levels and measurement methods.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Volleyball; Body Composition; Anthropometry; Adipose Tissue; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 37578094
DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2246414 -
Public Health Sep 2021The pandemic of overweight and obesity has become a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. Anthropometric indices are indirect and quantitative tools used... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The pandemic of overweight and obesity has become a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. Anthropometric indices are indirect and quantitative tools used to identify individuals at increased risk of body fat-related morbidity. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the concordances and correlations between anthropometric indices of obesity in adults and whether these indices can be used interchangeably.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in three databases of peer-reviewed publications (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase). Further, the first 10 pages of Google Scholar were also searched for relevant studies.
RESULTS
There were strong correlations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and between BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and a weak correlation between BMI and neck circumference (NC). There was a very strong correlation between WC and WHtR and a moderate correlation between WC and NC. There were moderate concordances between BMI and WC and between BMI and WHtR and good concordance between WC and WHtR.
CONCLUSION
BMI, WC, and WHtR indices can be moderately used interchangeably with caution. More studies in adult populations using statistical tests of concordance and adjusting for differences in ethnicity, age, gender, and weight quantiles are needed.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Obesity; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference; Waist-Height Ratio
PubMed: 34507136
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.042 -
Bioscience Reports Jun 2017To systematically and quantitatively review the relation of abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), to total... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To systematically and quantitatively review the relation of abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), to total gastroesophageal cancer, gastric cancer (GC), and esophageal cancer. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and gastroesophageal cancer (GC and/or esophageal cancer) up to August 2016. A random-effect model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven prospective cohort studies - one publication included two separate cohorts - from six publications were included in the final analysis. A total of 2130 gastroesophageal cancer cases diagnosed amongst 913182 participants. Higher WC and WHR were significantly associated with increased risk of total gastroesophageal cancer (WC: RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.04; WHR: RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.88), GC (WC: RR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.78; WHR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.70), and esophageal cancer (WC: RR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.24; WHR: RR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.75).Findings from our subgroup analyses showed non-significant positive associations between gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) and both measures of abdominal adiposity, while gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) was positively associated with WC but not with WHR. On analysis restricted to studies that adjusted for body mass index (BMI), WC was positively associated with GC and esophageal cancer, whereas WHR was positively associated with risk of GC only. Although limited, the findings from our meta-analysis suggest the potential role of abdominal obesity in the etiology of gastric and esophageal cancers.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Abdominal; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 28336766
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20160474 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Sep 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of yoga on anthropometry, quality of life, and lipid profiles in patients with obesity and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of yoga on anthropometry, quality of life, and lipid profiles in patients with obesity and central obesity.
METHODOLOGY
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed (1985-January 2022) and trial registries for relevant randomised clinical trials were used. Relevant and published randomised clinical trials were reviewed and evaluated. The primary outcomes were anthropometry measurements, which were weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentages. The secondary outcomes were changes in quality of life, psychological impact, lipid profile measurement, presence of adverse events, and changes in blood pressure and blood glucose. We assessed the data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias, and quality of evidence.
RESULTS
15 studies are included, involving 1161 participants. The analysis performed is based on three comparisons. For the first comparison between yoga and control, yoga reduces the waist circumference (MD -0.84, 95% CI [-5.12 to 3.44]), while there is no difference in body weight, BMI, or body fat percentages. In the second comparison between yoga and calorie restriction, yoga reduces body weight (MD -3.47, 95% CI [-6.20 to -0.74]), while there is no difference in waist circumference, BMI, or body fat percentage. In the third comparison between yoga and exercise, yoga reduces the body weight (MD -7.58, 95% CI [-11.51 to -3.65]), while there is no difference in waist circumference or BMI. For the secondary outcomes, yoga intervention reduces total cholesterol (MD -17.12, 95% CI [-32.24 to -2.00]) and triglycerides (MD -21.75, 95% CI [-38.77 to -4.73]) compared to the control group, but there is no difference compared to the calorie restriction and exercise group. There is no difference in the rest of the outcomes, which are LDL, HDL, quality of life, psychological impact, adverse events, blood pressure, and blood glucose. However, findings are not robust due to a high risk of bias and low-quality evidence.
CONCLUSION
From our review, there were methodological drawbacks and very low to moderate quality of evidence across all comparisons, and hence, it is inconclusive to say that yoga can significantly improve anthropometric parameters. More well-designed trials are needed to confirm and support the beneficial effects of yoga.
Topics: Humans; Yoga; Quality of Life; Obesity, Abdominal; Blood Glucose; Obesity; Body Mass Index; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37356673
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102959 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... 2021According to in vivo and in vitro studies, melatonin appears to be a potential supplement for obesity reduction. The aim of this study was to review the literature on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
According to in vivo and in vitro studies, melatonin appears to be a potential supplement for obesity reduction. The aim of this study was to review the literature on randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effects of melatonin supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity in humans.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis in the following databases: Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. We included studies that evaluated melatonin supplementation's effects, compared with placebo, on anthropometric measures, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, in people ≥18 y of age. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered on PROSPERO: CRD42021241079.
RESULTS
Of the 23 studies included, 11 showed significant results from melatonin supplementation on weight loss, BMI, or waist circumference, compared with placebo. In the meta-analysis, melatonin supplementation significantly reduced body weight (standardized mean difference, -0.48; 95% confidence interval, -0.94 to -0.02; P = <0.01; I = 92%). Results for BMI and waist circumference were null. The I tests were significant for the analyses with significant results.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrated that melatonin supplementation was responsible for significantly reducing body weight. More studies are needed before melatonin can be recommended for weight loss.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Melatonin; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 34626955
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111399 -
Pediatrics Mar 2017Clinicians assess the growth of preterm infants and compare growth velocity using a variety of methods. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Clinicians assess the growth of preterm infants and compare growth velocity using a variety of methods.
OBJECTIVE
We determined the numerical methods used to describe weight, length, and head circumference growth velocity in preterm infants; these methods include grams/kilogram/day (g/kg/d), grams/day (g/d), centimeters/week (cm/week), and change in scores.
DATA SOURCES
A search was conducted in April 2015 of the Medline database by using PubMed for studies that measured growth as a main outcome in preterm neonates between birth and hospital discharge and/or 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. English, French, German, and Spanish articles were included. The systematic review was conducted by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses methods.
STUDY SELECTION
Of 1543 located studies, 373 (24%) calculated growth velocity.
DATA EXTRACTION
We conducted detailed extraction of the 151 studies that reported g/kg/d weight gain velocity.
RESULTS
A variety of methods were used. The most frequently used method to calculate weight gain velocity reported in the 1543 studies was g/kg/d (40%), followed by g/d (32%); 29% reported change in score relative to an intrauterine or growth chart. In the g/kg/d studies, 39% began g/kg/d calculations at birth/admission, 20% at the start of the study, 10% at full feedings, and 7% after birth weight regained. The kilogram denominator was not reported for 62%. Of the studies that did report the denominators, the majority used an average of the start and end weights as the denominator (36%) followed by exponential methods (23%); less frequently used denominators included birth weight (10%) and an early weight that was not birth weight (16%). Nineteen percent (67 of 355 studies) made conclusions regarding extrauterine growth restriction or postnatal growth failure. Temporal trends in head circumference growth and length gain changed from predominantly cm/wk to predominantly scores.
LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The lack of standardization of methods used to calculate preterm infant growth velocity makes comparisons between studies difficult and presents an obstacle to using research results to guide clinical practice.
Topics: Body Height; Cephalometry; Humans; Infant; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Models, Biological; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28246339
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2045 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Aug 2023Current nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) guidelines do not provide any recommendations regarding the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a simple obesity metric... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Current nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) guidelines do not provide any recommendations regarding the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a simple obesity metric calculated by dividing waist circumference by height. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate WHtR in NAFLD.
METHODS
We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, identifying observational studies assessing WHtR in NAFLD. QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The two main statistical outcomes were the area under the curve (AUC) and the mean difference (MD).
RESULTS
We included a total of 27 studies in our quantitative and qualitative synthesis, with a total population of 93,536 individuals. WHtR was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls with an MD of 0.073 (95% CI 0.058 - 0.088). This was also confirmed after conducting a subgroup analysis according to the hepatic steatosis diagnosis method, for ultrasound (MD 0.066 [96% CI 0.051 - 0.081]) and transient elastography (MD 0.074 [96% CI 0.053 - 0.094]). Moreover, NAFLD male patients presented significantly lower WHtR compared to female patients (MD -0.022 [95% CI -0.041 - -0.004]). The AUC of WHtR for predicting NAFLD was 0.815 (95% CI 0.780 - 0.849).
CONCLUSIONS
WHtR is considerably higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls. Female NAFLD patients present higher WHtR compared to NAFLD male patients. In comparison to other presently suggested scores and markers, the WHtR's accuracy in predicting NAFLD is considered acceptable.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Waist-Height Ratio; Waist Circumference; Ultrasonography; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37321322
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102160 -
Nutrients Dec 2016Several meta-analyses of observational studies have been performed to examine the association between general obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and lung... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Several meta-analyses of observational studies have been performed to examine the association between general obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and lung cancer. These meta-analyses suggest an inverse relation between high BMI and this cancer. In contrast to general obesity, abdominal obesity appears to play a role in the development of lung cancer. However, the association between abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) (BMI adjusted) and waist to hip ratio (WHR)) and lung cancer is not fully understood due to sparse available evidence regarding this association. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and lung cancer up to October 2016. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. Six prospective cohort studies with 5827 lung cancer cases among 831,535 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Each 10 cm increase in WC and 0.1 unit increase in WHR were associated with 10% (RR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; ² = 27.7%, -heterogeneity = 0.198) and 5% (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00, 1.11; ² = 25.2%, -heterogeneity = 0.211) greater risks of lung cancer, respectively. According to smoking status, greater WHR was only positively associated with lung cancer among former smokers (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.23). In contrast, greater WC was associated with increased lung cancer risk among never smokers (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.23), former smokers (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03, 1.22) and current smokers (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.25). The summary RRs for highest versus lowest categories of WC and WHR were 1.32 (95% CI 1.13, 1.54; ² = 18.2%, -heterogeneity = 0.281) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.00, 1.23; ² = 24.2%, -heterogeneity = 0.211), respectively. In summary, abdominal obesity may play an important role in the development of lung cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Confidence Intervals; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Abdominal; Observational Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Risk; Risk Factors; Smoking; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio
PubMed: 27983672
DOI: 10.3390/nu8120810 -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Jul 2017The association between body size, weight change and depression has not been systematically summarised, especially for individuals who are underweight.To conduct a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The association between body size, weight change and depression has not been systematically summarised, especially for individuals who are underweight.To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to examine the association between indices of body size, weight change and depression.A total of 183 studies were selected. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. A total of 76 studies contributed to data synthesis with a random-effect model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of potential moderators.In cohort studies, underweight at baseline increased the risk of subsequent depression (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24). Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m) showed no statistically significant relationship with depression overall; however, the subgroup analyses found different results according to gender (men: OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97, women: OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25). In cross-sectional designs, obesity with BMI >40 kg/m showed a greater pooled odds ratio than obesity with BMI >30 kg/mBoth underweight and obesity increase the risk of depression. The association between overweight and depression differs by gender.
Topics: Body Size; Body Weight; Depression; Humans
PubMed: 28428339
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.186726