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Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Apr 2022The Nectin cell adhesion protein 4 (Nectin-4) is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies. Such aberrant expression is correlated with cancer progression and poor...
The Nectin cell adhesion protein 4 (Nectin-4) is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies. Such aberrant expression is correlated with cancer progression and poor prognostic. Nectin-4 has emerged as a potential biomarker and promising targeted therapy. This review aimed to gather the current state of the literature about Nectin-4 relevance in preclinical tumor models and to summarize its clinical relevance regarding cancer. A systematic assessment of literature articles was performed by searching in PUBMED (MEDLINE) from the database inception to May 2021, following PRISMA guidelines. Preclinical models unanimously demonstrated membrane and cytoplasmic location of the Nectin-4. Furthermore, Nectin-4 was overexpressed whatever the location of the solid tumors. Interestingly, a heterogeneity of Nectin-4 expression has been highlighted in bladder urothelial carcinoma. High serum Nectin-4 level was correlated with treatment efficiency and disease progression. Finally, generated anti-drug-conjugated targeting Nectin-4 induced cell death in multiple tumor cell lines. Nectin-4 emerges as a promising target for anticancer drugs development because of its central role in tumorigenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Enfortumab vedotin targeting Nectin-4 demonstrated encouraging results and should be extended to other types of solid tumors.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Immunoconjugates; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 35131876
DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-21-0846 -
JAMA Cardiology Oct 2019Echocardiographic left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) detects early subclinical ventricular dysfunction and can be used in patients receiving potentially... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Assessment of Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain for Early Prediction of Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
IMPORTANCE
Echocardiographic left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) detects early subclinical ventricular dysfunction and can be used in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. A meta-analysis of the prognostic value of GLS for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has not been performed, to our knowledge.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the prognostic value of GLS for the prediction of CTRCD.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases from database inception to June 1, 2018.
STUDY SELECTION
Cohort studies assessing the prognostic or discriminatory performance of GLS before or during chemotherapy for subsequent CTRCD.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Random-effects meta-analysis and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (HSROCs) were used to summarize the prognostic and discriminatory performance of different GLS indices. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test, and meta-regression was performed to assess sources of heterogeneity.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was CTRCD, defined as a clinically significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction with or without new-onset heart failure symptoms.
RESULTS
Analysis included 21 studies comprising 1782 patients with cancer, including breast cancer, hematologic malignancies, or sarcomas, treated with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. The incidence of CTRCD ranged from 9.3% to 43.8% over a mean follow-up of 4.2 to 23.0 months (pooled incidence, 21.0%). For active treatment absolute GLS (9 studies), the high-risk cutoff values ranged from -21.0% to -13.8%, with worse GLS associated with a higher CTRCD risk (odds ratio, 12.27; 95% CI, 7.73-19.47; area under the HSROC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89). For relative changes vs a baseline value (9 studies), cutoff values ranged from 2.3% to 15.9%, with a greater decrease linked to a 16-fold higher risk of CTRCD (odds ratio, 15.82; 95% CI, 5.84-42.85; area under the HSROC, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89). Both indices showed significant publication bias. Meta-regression identified differences in sample size and CTRCD definition but not GLS cutoff value as significant sources of interstudy heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this meta-analysis, measurement of GLS after initiation of potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab had good prognostic performance for subsequent CTRCD. However, risk of bias in the original studies, publication bias, and limited data on the incremental value of GLS and its optimal cutoff values highlight the need for larger prospective multicenter studies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiotoxicity; Early Diagnosis; Echocardiography; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Neoplasms; Stroke Volume; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 31433450
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2952 -
Archives of Toxicology Jun 2023With increasing numbers of cancer cases, the use of antineoplastic agents is expected to rise. This will be accompanied by an increase in occupational exposure, which... (Review)
Review
With increasing numbers of cancer cases, the use of antineoplastic agents is expected to rise. This will be accompanied by an increase in occupational exposure, which can cause unwanted health effects in workers. Our aim was to give an overview of genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and to assess the concentration-effect relation. Four databases were searched for papers investigating genotoxic and/or epigenetic effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Out of the 245 retrieved papers, 62 were included in this review. In this systematic literature review, we confirmed that exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic agents can lead to genotoxic damage. However, we observed a lack of data on exposure as well as genotoxic and epigenetic effects in workers other than healthcare workers. Furthermore, gaps in the current knowledge regarding the potential epigenetic effects caused by antineoplastic drug exposure and regarding the link between internal antineoplastic drug concentration and genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents were identified, offering a first step for future research.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Occupational Exposure; DNA Damage
PubMed: 37099053
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03481-9 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2015Laetrile is the name for a semi-synthetic compound which is chemically related to amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside from the kernels of apricots and various other... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Laetrile is the name for a semi-synthetic compound which is chemically related to amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside from the kernels of apricots and various other species of the genus Prunus. Laetrile and amygdalin are promoted under various names for the treatment of cancer although there is no evidence for its efficacy. Due to possible cyanide poisoning, laetrile can be dangerous.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the alleged anti-cancer effect and possible adverse effects of laetrile and amygdalin.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the following databases: CENTRAL (2014, Issue 9); MEDLINE (1951-2014); EMBASE (1980-2014); AMED; Scirus; CINAHL (all from 1982-2015); CAMbase (from 1998-2015); the MetaRegister; the National Research Register; and our own files. We examined reference lists of included studies and review articles and we contacted experts in the field for knowledge of additional studies. We did not impose any restrictions of timer or language.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We searched eight databases and two registers for studies testing laetrile or amygdalin for the treatment of cancer. Two review authors screened and assessed articles for inclusion criteria.
MAIN RESULTS
We located over 200 references, 63 were evaluated in the original review, 6 in the 2011 and none in this update. However, we did not identify any studies that met our inclusion criteria.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The claims that laetrile or amygdalin have beneficial effects for cancer patients are not currently supported by sound clinical data. There is a considerable risk of serious adverse effects from cyanide poisoning after laetrile or amygdalin, especially after oral ingestion. The risk-benefit balance of laetrile or amygdalin as a treatment for cancer is therefore unambiguously negative.
Topics: Amygdalin; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 25918920
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005476.pub4 -
The Oncologist Mar 2016Oral antineoplastic therapies not only improve survival but also reduce the burden of care for patients. Yet patients and clinicians face new challenges in managing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral antineoplastic therapies not only improve survival but also reduce the burden of care for patients. Yet patients and clinicians face new challenges in managing adherence to these oral therapies. We conducted a systematic literature review to assess rates and correlates of adherence to oral antineoplastic therapies and interventions aimed at improving adherence.
METHODS
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of the Ovid MEDLINE database from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2015, using relevant terminology for oral antineoplastic agents. We included observational, database, and intervention studies. At least two researchers evaluated each paper to ensure accuracy of results and determine risk of bias.
RESULTS
We identified 927 records from the search and screened 214 abstracts. After conducting a full-text review of 167 papers, we included in the final sample 51 papers on rates/correlates of adherence to oral antineoplastic therapy and 12 papers on intervention studies to improve adherence. Rates of adherence varied widely, from 46% to 100%, depending on patient sample, medication type, follow-up period, assessment measure, and calculation of adherence. Of the intervention studies, only 1 of the randomized trials and 2 of the cohort studies showed benefit regarding adherence, with the majority suffering high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Although no reliable estimate of adherence to oral antineoplastic therapies can be gleaned from the literature, a substantial proportion of patients struggle to adhere to these medications as prescribed. The few intervention studies for adherence have notable methodological concerns, thereby limiting the evidence to guide practice in promoting medication adherence among patients with cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Medication Adherence; Neoplasms
PubMed: 26921292
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0405 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Dec 2023The advent of targeted therapies signaled novel avenues for more optimal oncological outcomes. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have risen as a cornerstone of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The advent of targeted therapies signaled novel avenues for more optimal oncological outcomes. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have risen as a cornerstone of the ever-expanding targeted therapy era. The purpose of this systematic review is to delineate the rapidly evolving clinical landscape of ADCs for solid tumors.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for phase II and III clinical trials. Outcomes of interest were the objective response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival and adverse events.
RESULTS
A total of 92 clinical trials (76 phase II and 16 phase III) evaluated the efficacy and safety of ADCs for a plethora of solid tumors. Out of the 30 investigated ADCs, 8 have received approval by regulatory organizations for solid tumors. Currently, 52 phase III clinical trials for ADCs are ongoing.
CONCLUSION
ADCs have shown promising results for several solid tumors and various cancer settings.
Topics: Humans; Immunoconjugates; Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37866413
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104189 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Platinum-based chemotherapeutics play an important role in the treatment of cancer at different levels and are the most cited ototoxic agents when scientific evidence is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Platinum-based chemotherapeutics play an important role in the treatment of cancer at different levels and are the most cited ototoxic agents when scientific evidence is analyzed.
OBJECTIVE
To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review, PRISMA, in order to systematize information on the ototoxic effects of using antineoplastic drugs.
METHODS
For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and BIREME databases were used, without restriction of language, period, and location. Evaluation of the quality of the articles was carried out, which included articles with a minimum score of 6 in the modified scale of the literature. The designs of the selected studies were descriptive, cohort, and cross-sectional, which were related to the research objective.
RESULTS
Three articles were included in this systematic review. The ototoxicity caused by cisplatin alone varied from 45% to 83.3%, while that caused by the use associated with carboplatin varied from 16.6% to 75%. There was a significant variation in the cumulative doses of these antineoplastic agents, both in isolated and in combination. Auditory changes, especially at high frequencies, were evident after completion of treatment.
CONCLUSION
Auditory changes after the use of platinum-based antineoplastic drugs were found, however, there was an important heterogeneity regarding the frequency of ototoxicity and the cumulative dose of the drugs used.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hearing Loss; Humans; Ototoxicity
PubMed: 33757754
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.02.008 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Mar 2018Corilagin, a gallotannin, is one of the major active components of many ethnopharmacological plants. It was isolated from Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (dividivi)... (Review)
Review
Corilagin, a gallotannin, is one of the major active components of many ethnopharmacological plants. It was isolated from Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (dividivi) by Schmidt in 1951 for the first time. In the past few decades, corilagin was reported to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, etc. However, little attention was paid to its pharmacological properties due to the complicated and inefficient extract method. In recent years, with the development of extraction technology corilagin was much easier to obtain than before. Thus, people return to pay attention to its anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities, particularly as an anti-tumor agent candidate. Our research team had focused on the distribution, preparation and anti-tumor activity of corilagin since 2005. We found corilagin showed good anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer. What's more, corilagin showed a low level of toxicity toward normal cells and tissues. Due to the extensive attention that corilagin has received, we present a systematic review of the pharmacological effects of corilagin. In this review, we summarized all the pharmacological effects of corilagin with a focus on the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor activity and show you how corilagin affected the signaling pathways of tumor cells as well as its physicochemical properties, distribution and preparation methods.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Glucosides; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 29324311
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.030 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jun 2017Cancers are usually treated by anticancer agents that are toxic for both normal and cancer cells, so these drugs have major side effects and they are not suitable and... (Review)
Review
Cancers are usually treated by anticancer agents that are toxic for both normal and cancer cells, so these drugs have major side effects and they are not suitable and enough effective for cancer prevention. Solamargine, a steroidal alkaloid glycoside found in Solanum species such as Solanum nigrum, displayed several therapeutic activities. We aim to review the use of solamargine in experimental cancer studies. Articles published in biology journals between 1975 and 2017 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. The scientific papers mainly focusing on solamargine with therapeutic efficacies against cancers were identified and tabulated. In addition, the reliability of experimental findings was determined under "Risk of Bias" criteria. The author manually reviewed 33 articles; 27 articles were found concerning the anti-cancer potential in cancer cells. Solamargine has been found to possess anticancer activities via its effect on a variety of biological pathways including cell survival pathways, tumor suppressor pathways, caspase activation pathway, mitochondrial pathways, death receptor pathways, protein kinase pathways, and signal pathways, which promote invasion/migration and multi drug resistance. Solamargine can be an anticancer agent candidate when complementary scientific evidences become available. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Humans; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Transduction; Solanaceous Alkaloids
PubMed: 28383149
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5809 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Apr 2018Nausea and vomiting are common and distressing adverse events of chemotherapy. This review focuses on the findings and quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of... (Review)
Review
Nausea and vomiting are common and distressing adverse events of chemotherapy. This review focuses on the findings and quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of cannabinoids for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Review of SRs, a systematic literature search, was conducted in several electronic databases and included SRs evaluating cannabinoids for CINV in cancer patients. Methodological quality and quality of reporting were evaluated by AMSTAR and PRISMA, respectively. Initial search retrieved 2,206 records, and 5 SRs were included. On the basis of findings of the sole SR judged as high methodological quality, cannabinoids seem to be more effective than placebo, equal to prochlorperazine for reducing CINV, and to be preferred by patients. The response to different combinations of antiemetic agents seems to be equal to 1 antiemetic alone. The average of AMSTAR score was 5, and the average of PRISMA score was 13.2. Cannabinoids represent a valuable option for treating CINV, despite the adverse events related to treatment, such as drowsiness and cognitive impairment. There is no good quality evidence to recommend or not the use of cannabinoids for CINV. More studies are still needed to evaluate the effectiveness of cannabinoids when compared with modern antiemetics.
Topics: Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Cannabinoids; Humans; Nausea; Neoplasms; Vomiting
PubMed: 29168289
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5975