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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2023Conduct a systematic review concerning the literature that reflects whether the callous and unemotional traits present in childhood and/or adolescence are precursors in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Conduct a systematic review concerning the literature that reflects whether the callous and unemotional traits present in childhood and/or adolescence are precursors in the development of female psychopathy in adulthood.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review involved consulting three databases-EBSCO, the Web of Science, and PubMed-for peer-reviewed and quantitative studies within the period 2000-2023. Nine articles with quality of three and above were included.
RESULTS
The presence of callous and unemotional traits designates a group of youth that show characteristics associated with psychopathy, specifically when predicting a more severe and chronic pattern of antisocial behaviour. Children with high rates of callous and unemotional traits, who show symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in combination with severe conduct problems, are most likely to show features associated with psychopathy. The multidimensional psychopathy construct is considered a better predictor of future and stable antisocial behaviour than the callous and unemotional traits alone model.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the studies selected, the callous and unemotional traits in childhood seem to be precursors of female psychopathy in adulthood, but only because of the way they seem to enhance conduct problems, disruptive behaviour disorders, and, as a possible outcome, delinquency and antisocial traits, which may be precursors of future psychopathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Databases, Factual; Phenotype; Problem Behavior; PubMed
PubMed: 37754645
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186786 -
Child Psychiatry and Human Development Apr 2023This work presents a review of research papers examining the role of emerging personality pathology in suicidal ideation and behaviours in adolescence. Initially, 226...
This work presents a review of research papers examining the role of emerging personality pathology in suicidal ideation and behaviours in adolescence. Initially, 226 studies were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines, and 33 articles were finally included in this review. The data show percentages of any personality disorder diagnosis ranging from 19.5 to 22.8% in suicide attempters, while in autopsy studies, the rate of personality disorder diagnosis varied between 29.6 and 42.1%. The overwhelming majority of the studies focus on the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in suicidal behaviours, also highlighting its predictive role at a longitudinal level. Furthermore, the literature review shows that personality traits supposed to underlie BPD, such as affective instability, impulsivity and identity diffusion, have specific predictive links with suicidal conduct. Other personality pathology dimensions, such as aggressiveness, sadism and perfectionism that are associated with other personality disorders, namely, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders, have also shown a significant mediating role for suicidal risk. Overall, these results seem to parallel the role of personality pathology in predicting suicide in adulthood and point to the relevance of assessing the presence of emerging patterns of personality disorders for the clinical management of suicidal risk in adolescence.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Personality Disorders; Personality; Borderline Personality Disorder
PubMed: 34524583
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01239-x -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2022Psychopathy is a personality construct that encompasses a constellation of traits reflecting emotional dysfunction and antisocial behavior. This constellation has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psychopathy is a personality construct that encompasses a constellation of traits reflecting emotional dysfunction and antisocial behavior. This constellation has consistently been linked to poor decision-making, often focused on personal and monetary gains at the others' expense. However, there remains a lack of a systematic examination of how psychopathy is related to the prospect of obtaining monetary gains as a function of social context. Therefore, we conducted a series of meta-analyses to elucidate these relationships. Our findings indicated that elevated levels of psychopathy are related to a reduced tendency to cooperate with others, and no difference in the extent to which knowledge of others' retaliation possibilities informs decision-making. However, the type of social economic decision-making game employed moderated the association between psychopathic traits and total gain obtained, suggesting that context plays a key role in moderating the link between psychopathic features and decision-making. These findings advance our understanding of psychopathy and open new avenues for research on adaptive and maladaptive social behavior in individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits.
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Personality
PubMed: 36403791
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104966 -
Clinical Psychology Review Feb 2015Previous research on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and child and adolescent antisocial behaviour has produced mixed findings showing variation in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous research on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and child and adolescent antisocial behaviour has produced mixed findings showing variation in the strength of association. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarise evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic status and broadly conceptualised antisocial behaviour, investigating variation across a range of antisocial subtypes and other potential moderators, including age, sex and informant. We identified 133 studies containing data suitable for effect size calculation, and 139 independent effect sizes were analysed (total N=339868). The global meta-analysis showed that lower family socioeconomic status was associated with higher levels of antisocial behaviour. Moderation analyses revealed this relationship was stronger where callous-unemotional traits were the outcome, and where antisocial behaviour was reported by parents or teachers rather than self-reported. The relationship between family SES and antisocial behaviour, however, was independent of higher-level constructs such as national income inequality. These results indicate that SES can be considered a robust correlate of broadly conceptualised antisocial behaviour but the strength of this relationship may depend on the antisocial subtype under investigation and the design of the study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Child Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 25483561
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.11.003 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2021Two variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and psychopathy have been proposed, referred to as primary and secondary. Whereas primary variants are thought to be... (Review)
Review
Two variants of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and psychopathy have been proposed, referred to as primary and secondary. Whereas primary variants are thought to be underpinned by insufficient arousal to emotional cues, secondary variants are thought to develop as a coping mechanism in response to trauma exposure. Compared with adult samples, research on primary and secondary variants in children and adolescents under the age of 18 has only emerged in the past decade, and there is ongoing debate with regards to the identification, defining characteristics, and distinct correlates of these variants. The present systematic review synthesizes the current literature on primary and secondary variants in relation to: (1) constructs used to distinguish and define primary and secondary variants; (2) study population characteristics; (3) data analytic techniques to differentiate variants; and (4) differential associations with theoretically relevant indices related to emotional processing, maltreatment, biomarkers, and behavioral outcomes (e.g., substance use, aggression). This is the first systematic review to examine the growing literature on primary and secondary CU and psychopathy variants among youth. Findings support the distinction between youth with primary versus secondary variants and demonstrate that this distinction is related to unique clinical correlates. Recommendations are made for future research in the field.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Conduct Disorder; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 33079293
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00329-x -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2015To identify, by means of a systematic review, the frequency with which comorbid personality disorders (PDs) have been assessed in studies of euthymic bipolar patients. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify, by means of a systematic review, the frequency with which comorbid personality disorders (PDs) have been assessed in studies of euthymic bipolar patients.
METHODS
PubMed, ciELO and PsychINFO databases were searched for eligible articles published between 1997 and 2013. After screening 1,249 empirical papers, two independent reviewers identified three articles evaluating the frequency of PDs in patients with bipolar disorders assessed in a state of euthymia.
RESULTS
The total sample comprised 376 euthymic bipolar patients, of whom 155 (41.2%) had at least one comorbid PD. Among them, we found 87 (23.1%) in cluster B, 55 (14.6%) in cluster C, and 25 (6.6%) in cluster A. The frequencies of PD subtypes were: borderline, 38 (10.1%); histrionic, 29 (7.7%); obsessive-compulsive, 28 (7.4%); dependent, 19 (5%); narcissistic, 17 (4.5%); schizoid, schizotypal, and avoidant, 11 patients each (2.95%); paranoid, five (1.3%); and antisocial, three (0.79%).
CONCLUSION
The frequency of comorbid PD was high across the spectrum of euthymic bipolar patients. In this population, the most common PDs were those in cluster B, and the most frequent PD subtype was borderline, followed by histrionic and obsessive-compulsive.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 25946399
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1459 -
NeuroImage. Clinical 2017Antisocial behavior (AB), including aggression, violence, and theft, is thought be underpinned by abnormal functioning in networks of the brain critical to emotion... (Review)
Review
Antisocial behavior (AB), including aggression, violence, and theft, is thought be underpinned by abnormal functioning in networks of the brain critical to emotion processing, behavioral control, and reward-related learning. To better understand the abnormal functioning of these networks, research has begun to investigate the connections between brain regions implicated in AB using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which assesses white-matter tract microstructure. This systematic review integrates findings from 22 studies that examined the relationship between white-matter microstructure and AB across development. In contrast to a prior hypothesis that AB is associated with greater diffusivity specifically in the uncinate fasciculus, findings suggest that adult AB is associated with greater diffusivity across a range of white-matter tracts, including the uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, corticospinal tract, thalamic radiations, and corpus callosum. The pattern of findings among youth studies was inconclusive with both higher and lower diffusivity found across association, commissural, and projection and thalamic tracts.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Neural Pathways; White Matter
PubMed: 28180079
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.014 -
PloS One 2014With the increased knowledge of biological risk factors, interest in including this information in forensic assessments is growing. Currently, forensic assessments are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
With the increased knowledge of biological risk factors, interest in including this information in forensic assessments is growing. Currently, forensic assessments are predominantly focused on psychosocial factors. A better understanding of the neurobiology of violent criminal behaviour and biological risk factors could improve forensic assessments.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the current evidence about biological risk factors that predispose people to antisocial and violent behaviour, and determine its usefulness in forensic assessment.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using articles from PsycINFO, Embase and Pubmed published between 2000 and 2013.
RESULTS
This review shows that much research on the relationship between genetic predisposition and neurobiological alterations with aggression is performed on psychiatric patients or normal populations. However, the number of studies comparing offenders is limited. There is still a great need to understand how genetic and neurobiological alterations and/or deficits are related to violent behaviour, specifically criminality. Most studies focus on only one of the genetic or neurobiological fields related to antisocial and/or violent behaviour. To reliably correlate the findings of these fields, a standardization of methodology is urgently needed.
CONCLUSION
Findings from the current review suggest that violent aggression, like all forms of human behaviour, both develops under specific genetic and environmental conditions, and requires interplay between these conditions. Violence should be considered as the end product of a chain of life events, during which risks accumulate and potentially reinforce each other, displaying or triggering a specific situation. This systematic review did not find evidence of predispositions or neurobiological alterations that solely explain antisocial or violent behaviour. With better designed studies, more correlation between diverse fields, and more standardisation, it might be possible to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Thus, we advocate maintaining the current case-by-case differentiated approach to evidence-based forensic assessment.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Forensic Genetics; Forensic Psychiatry; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; PubMed; Risk Factors; Violence
PubMed: 25330208
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110672 -
Personality and Mental Health Oct 2014By definition, personality disorders (PDs) are evident in late childhood and adolescence, but evidence for personality pathology occurring after adolescence is unclear. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
By definition, personality disorders (PDs) are evident in late childhood and adolescence, but evidence for personality pathology occurring after adolescence is unclear.
AIM
We aimed to review extant literature on personality change following exposure to catastrophic trauma in adults in order to identify the prevalence and clinical features of any long-term personality pathology.
METHOD
Relevant studies were identified by searching three bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO) from inception to November 2011 using terms related to personality and trauma.
RESULTS
No prospective studies that investigated long-term personality change following exposure to trauma in adults were found. Two retrospective studies reported the prevalence of enduring personality change of 2.6% and 6% (weighted prevalence 4.6%, 95% confidence interval 3.4-6.3%), and one study reported 20% increase in adult-onset antisocial behaviour following exposure to trauma. Findings from cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of PDs in people exposed to catastrophic trauma reported that Cluster C and Cluster A were the most common with avoidant, paranoid and obsessive-compulsive PDs among those most frequently reported.
CONCLUSION
A minority of adults who are exposed to severe trauma appear to go on to develop significant personality pathology. The observed personality disturbance is multifarious and more extensive than the prototype described in ICD-10.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Life Change Events; Personality; Personality Disorders; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 25123294
DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1271 -
Cureus Jul 2020Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and antisocial personality disorder (APSD) are found at higher rates within families compared to the general population. Both disorders... (Review)
Review
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and antisocial personality disorder (APSD) are found at higher rates within families compared to the general population. Both disorders are characterized by low serotonin levels, which may be attributed to polymorphisms in the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene. The polymorphism rs11575542 of the gene leads to decreasing the efficiency of aromatic l-amino decarboxylase (AADC) and serotonin levels in a person. The polymorphism is also associated with the development of somatic symptoms and sensation-seeking behavior, a trait underlying APSD. Hence, the role of this polymorphism as an underlying feature that may predispose a person to develop APSD or SSD should be explored further in future studies.
PubMed: 32850196
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9318