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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known calcium phosphate ingredient comparable to human bone tissue. HA has exciting applications in many fields, especially biomedical... (Review)
Review
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known calcium phosphate ingredient comparable to human bone tissue. HA has exciting applications in many fields, especially biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, osteogenesis, and dental implants. Unfortunately, hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials are synthesized by conventional methods using reagents that are not environmentally friendly and are expensive. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to establish a simple, efficient, and green method to form nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) biofunctional materials with significant biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical strength. Several types of biowaste have proven to be a source of calcium in forming HA, including using chicken eggshells, fish bones, and beef bones. This systematic literature review discusses the possibility of replacing synthetic chemical reagents, synthetic pathways, and toxic capping agents with a green template to synthesize NHA. This review also shed insight on the simple green manufacture of NHA with controlled shape and size.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cattle; Drug Delivery Systems; Durapatite; Humans; Nanostructures; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 36080349
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175586 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2022Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite are biocompatible materials used as an adjunct to various dental materials. The present study aimed to evaluate the occlusion effects... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite are biocompatible materials used as an adjunct to various dental materials. The present study aimed to evaluate the occlusion effects of bioactive glasses and hydroxyapatite on dental tubules.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases for the relevant records. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by an accepted quality assessment tool.
RESULTS
From the electronic databases, 372 articles were retrieved. After evaluating the records, 35 in vitro studies were included. The studies revealed a low risk of bias. The primary outcomes from bioactive glass studies demonstrated the potential efficacy of both bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite in dentin tubule occlusion compared to the control.
CONCLUSION
The current systematic review showed that bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite could effectively occlude the dentinal tubules. Thus, desensitizing agents containing bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite can be used to manage dentin hypersensitivity (DH). However, long-term follow-up clinical trials are required in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This work achieved a satisfactorily systematic review for assessing desensitizing agents containing bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite in dentine hypersensitivity treatments recommended for clinical practice and research.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; Dentin; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Sensitivity; Durapatite; Glass; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 35871701
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04639-y -
Calcified Tissue International Oct 2017The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological bone response in animal experiments by applying hydroxyapatite grafts in critical and non-critical size bone... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological bone response in animal experiments by applying hydroxyapatite grafts in critical and non-critical size bone defects. Current report followed the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Animal experiments were selected by assessing repair of bone defects with hydroxyapatite as bone graft and with blood clot only as control. Eight articles were identified in specialized literature and included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out with a random-effect model (p = 0.05). Subgroup analyses were further performed to investigate bone repair in critical and non-critical bone defects. Comprehensive analysis of bone repair outcome showed a statistically significant difference between hydroxyapatite and blood clot control (p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant difference for critical bone defects (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was reported in non-critical bone defects (p > 0.05). Although animal studies revealed a high risk of bias and results should be interpreted with caution, the literature suggests that non-critical bone defects may heal spontaneously and without the need of a bone graft. Conversely, when critical-size defects are present, the use of hydroxyapatite bone graft improves the bone repair process.
Topics: Animals; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Durapatite
PubMed: 28612084
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0294-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2015This study aimed to review the laboratory methods on biomimetic remineralization of demineralized human dentine. A systematic search of the publications in the PubMed,... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to review the laboratory methods on biomimetic remineralization of demineralized human dentine. A systematic search of the publications in the PubMed, TRIP, and Web of Science databases was performed. Titles and abstracts of initially identified publications were screened. Clinical trials, reviews, non-English articles, resin-dentine interface studies, hybrid layer studies, hybrid scaffolds studies, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The remaining papers were retrieved with full texts. Manual screening was conducted on the bibliographies of remaining papers to identify relevant articles. A total of 716 studies were found, and 690 were excluded after initial screening. Two articles were identified from the bibliographies of the remaining papers. After retrieving the full text, 23 were included in this systematic review. Sixteen studies used analogues to mimic the functions of non-collagenous proteins in biomineralization of dentine, and four studies used bioactive materials to induce apatite formation on demineralized dentine surface. One study used zinc as a bioactive element, one study used polydopamine, and another study constructed an agarose hydrogel system for biomimetic mineralization of dentine. Many studies reported success in biomimetic mineralization of dentine, including the use of non-collagenous protein analogues, bioactive materials, or elements and agarose hydrogel system.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Biocompatible Materials; Biomimetic Materials; Biomimetics; Calcium Phosphates; Dental Cements; Dentin; Humans; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 25739078
DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034615 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2022The review systematically explored in vivo or in situ studies investigating the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES
The review systematically explored in vivo or in situ studies investigating the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to reduce initiation of or to remineralize initial caries lesions.
DATA
Prospective controlled (non-)randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a nHA compared to any other (placebo) treatment or untreated/standard control.
SOURCES
Three electronic databases (Central Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE) were screened. Outcomes were, e.g., ICDAS score, laser fluorescence, enamel remineralization rate, mineral loss, and lesion depth. No language or time restrictions were applied. Risk of bias and level of evidence were graded using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and GRADE profiler.
STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS
Five in vivo (and 5 in situ) studies with at least 633 teeth (1031 specimens) being assessed in more than 420 (95) patients were included. No meta-analysis could be performed for in vivo studies due to the high heterogeneity of the study designs and the variety of outcomes. In situ studies indicate that under demineralization conditions, NaF was able to hinder demineralization, whereas nHA did not; simultaneously, nHA did not differ from the fluoride-free control. In contrast, under remineralizing conditions, nHA and NaF show the same remineralizing potential. However, the level of evidence was very low. Furthermore, six studies showed a high risk of bias, and six studies were funded/published by the manufacturers of the tested products.
CONCLUSION
The low number of clinical studies, the relatively short follow-up periods, the high risks of bias, and the limiting grade of evidence do not allow for conclusive evidence on the efficacy of nHA.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
No conclusive evidence on the efficacy of nHA could be obtained based on the low number of clinical studies, the relatively short follow-up periods, the high risks of bias, the limiting grade of evidence, and study conditions that do not reflect the everyday conditions.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Durapatite; Fluorides; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35103837
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04390-4 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Nov 2021In recent years, there has been a rise in non-surgical rhinoplasty (NSR) due to its minimally invasive approach. As with all procedures, NSR can result in complications.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, there has been a rise in non-surgical rhinoplasty (NSR) due to its minimally invasive approach. As with all procedures, NSR can result in complications. Although rare, the consequences of complications can result in a devastating outcome and therefore an evidence-based approach to enable the recognition and management of NSR complications is required.
AIMS
This paper aims to review and appraise current literature to determine the evidence base for complications experienced with NSR including their causes and management.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using a PRISMA methodology. The PubMed and WebofScience databases were queried. Papers relating to the three most commonly used filler materials; hyaluronic acid (HA), calcium hydroxyapatite and collagen were collated.
RESULTS
Four hundred and ninety studies were identified in the initial literature search and after applying an inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 papers were included.
CONCLUSION
The results of this literature review showed a paucity of high-level evidence which may indicate underreporting of NSR complications. Although treatment is not always effective, it is clear that early recognition and treatment favors better outcomes with the potential for complete resolution in some cases. Immediate availability of hyaluronidase is important when undertaking NSR with HA as this review showed early use was critical in the management of serious complications such as vascular occlusion.
Topics: Durapatite; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Rhinoplasty; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34587355
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14489 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Jan 2023The use of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds for stimulating bone healing has been increasing over the years. Although all the promising effects of these... (Review)
Review
The use of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds for stimulating bone healing has been increasing over the years. Although all the promising effects of these scaffolds, there are still few studies and limited understanding of their interaction with bone tissue and their effects on the process of fracture healing. In this context, this study aimed to perform a systematic literature review examining the effects of different 3D-printed HA scaffolds in bone healing. The search was made according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) orientations and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors "3D printing," "bone," "HA," "repair," and "in vivo." Thirty-six articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases. After eligibility analyses, 20 papers were included (covering the period of 2016 and 2021). Results demonstrated that all the studies included in this review showed positive outcomes, indicating the efficacy of scaffolds treated groups in the in vivo experiments for promoting bone healing in different animal models. In conclusion, 3D-printed HA scaffolds are excellent candidates as bone grafts due to their bioactivity and good bone interaction.
Topics: Animals; Durapatite; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone and Bones; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 35906778
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35134 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Feb 2022Alveolar bone loss and mobility of teeth is commonly observed in periodontitis patients. Regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects is indicated to restore the lost... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Alveolar bone loss and mobility of teeth is commonly observed in periodontitis patients. Regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects is indicated to restore the lost bone and periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of periodontal intrabony lesions by using nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) graft and comparing it with open flap debridement (OFD) alone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The eligibility criteria encompassed randomized (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Weighted mean differences were calculated for clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival recession (REC) change, demonstrated as forest plots. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool were used for quality assessment of RCTs and non-randomized trials respectively.
RESULTS
From 22 full-text articles identified, three RCTs, one CCT and one retrospective follow-up of RCT were included. All the five papers comprised the quantitative evaluation. The use of NHA graft provided additional CAL gain of 0.96 mm (p = 0.0009) and PPD reduction of 0.97 mm (p < 0.00001) when compared to OFD alone. However, in terms of REC changes, no considerable benefits of NHA graft were demonstrated than OFD alone (p = 0.48).
CONCLUSIONS
The bioactive NHA graft showed promising results clinically in regenerative periodontology and can be considered for the management of periodontal intrabony defects. The use of NHA graft considerably provided better clinical outcomes in intrabony defects compared to using the OFD alone. Future research investigating NHA graft against other regenerative materials including specific BGs, at longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes and in furcation defects warranted.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone Transplantation; Durapatite; Follow-Up Studies; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34864225
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151877 -
BMC Oral Health May 2023One of the major clinical challenges of this age could be represented by the possibility to obtain a complete regeneration of infrabony defects. Over the past few years,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
One of the major clinical challenges of this age could be represented by the possibility to obtain a complete regeneration of infrabony defects. Over the past few years, numerous materials and different approaches have been developed to obtain bone and periodontal healing. Among all biomaterials, bioglasses (BG) are one of the most interesting due to their ability to form a highly reactive carbonate hydroxyapatite layer. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the use and capability of BG for the treatment of periodontal defects and to perform a meta-analysis of their efficacy.
METHODS
A search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and DOSS was conducted in March 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using BG in the treatment of intrabony and furcation defects. Two reviewers selected the articles included in the study considering the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of interest were periodontal and bone regeneration in terms of decrease of probing depth (PD) and gain of clinical attachment level (CAL). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was fitted, according to the graph theory methodology, using a random effect model.
RESULTS
Through the digital search, 46 citations were identified. After duplicate removal and screening process, 20 articles were included. All RCTs were retrieved and rated following the Risk of bias 2 scale, revealing several potential sources of bias. The meta-analysis focused on the evaluation at 6 months, with 12 eligible articles for PD and 10 for CAL. As regards the PD at 6 months, AUTOGENOUS CORTICAL BONE, BIOGLASS and PLATELET RICH FIBRIN were more efficacious than open flap debridement alone, with a statistically significant standardized mean difference (SMD) equal to -1.57, -1.06 and - 2.89, respectively. As to CAL at 6 months, the effect of BIOGLASS is reduced and no longer significant (SMD = -0.19, p-value = 0.4) and curiously PLATELET RICH FIBRIN was more efficacious than OFD (SMD =-4.13, p-value < 0.001) in CAL gain, but in indirect evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
The present review partially supports the clinical efficacy of BG in periodontal regeneration treatments for periodontal purposes. Indeed, the SMD of 0.5 to 1 in PD and CAL obtained with BG compared to OFD alone seem clinically insignificant even if it is statistically significant. Heterogeneity sources related to periodontal surgery are multiple, difficult to assess and likely hamper a quantitative assessment of BG efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Dental Care; Durapatite; Furcation Defects
PubMed: 37158885
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02898-z -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Jun 2017The current systematic review investigated the results of application of some of the most commonly used scaffolds in conjugation with stem cells and growth factors in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The current systematic review investigated the results of application of some of the most commonly used scaffolds in conjugation with stem cells and growth factors in animal and clinical studies.
METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in NCBI PMC and PubMed from January 1970 to December 2015 limited to English language publications with available full texts. In vivo studies in relation to "bone healing," "bone regeneration," and at least one of the following items were investigated: allograft, β-tricalcium phosphate, deproteinized bovine bone mineral, hydroxyapetite/tricalcium phosphate, nanohydroxyapatite, and composite scaffolds.
RESULTS
A total of 1252 articles were reviewed, and 46 articles completely fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study. The highest bone regeneration has been achieved when combination of all three elements, given scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells, and growth factors, were used. Among studies being reported in this review, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied mesenchymal stem cells, β-tricalcium phosphate is the most frequently used scaffold, and platelet-rich plasma is the most commonly used growth factor.
CONCLUSION
The current review aimed to inform reconstructive surgeons of how combinations of various mesenchymal stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors enhance bone regeneration. The highest bone regeneration has been achieved when combination of all three elements, given scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells, and growth factors, were used.
Topics: Allografts; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium Phosphates; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Nanostructures; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
PubMed: 28194530
DOI: 10.1007/s10006-017-0608-3