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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2019Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Evidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating almond consumption and risk factors for CVD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, and previous systematic reviews were searched from 1990 through June 2017 for RCTs of ≥3 wk duration that evaluated almond compared with no almond consumption in adults who were either healthy or at risk for CVD. The most appropriate stratum was selected with an almond dose closer to 42.5 g, with a control most closely matched for macronutrient composition, energy intake, and similar intervention duration. The outcomes included risk factors for CVD. Random-effects model meta-analyses and subgroup meta-analyses were performed. Fifteen eligible trials analyzed a total of 534 subjects. Almond intervention significantly decreased total cholesterol (summary net change: -10.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: -16.75, -4.63 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (summary net change: -5.83 mg/dL; 95% CI: -9.91, -1.75 mg/dL); body weight (summary net change: -1.39 kg; 95% CI: -2.49, -0.30 kg), HDL cholesterol (summary net change: -1.26 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.47, -0.05 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (summary net change: -6.67 mg/dL; 95% CI: -12.63, -0.72 mg/dL). Triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein A1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein (a) showed no difference between almond and control in the main and subgroup analyses. Fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index significantly decreased with almond consumption of >42.5 g compared with ≤42.5 g. Almond consumption may reduce the risk of CVD by improving blood lipids and by decreasing body weight and apoB. Substantial heterogeneity in eligible studies regarding almond interventions and dosages precludes firmer conclusions.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins B; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Female; Humans; Lipids; MEDLINE; Male; Nuts; Prunus dulcis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31243439
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz043 -
European Journal of Preventive... Aug 2020The effect of therapeutic lowering of apolipoprotein B (apoB) on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events is uncertain. It is also unclear whether these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
The effect of therapeutic lowering of apolipoprotein B (apoB) on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events is uncertain. It is also unclear whether these potential effects vary by different lipid-lowering strategies.
METHODS
A total of 29 randomized controlled trials were selected using PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE through 2018. We selected trials of therapies which ultimately clear apolipoprotein B particles by upregulating low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) expression (statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants) or therapies which reduce apolipoprotein B independent of LDL-R (cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids) with sample size of ≥1000 patients and follow-up of ≥1 year. The meta-regression and meta-analyses were constructed using a random effects model.
RESULTS
In 332,912 patients, meta-regression analyses showed relative risks of 0.95 for all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval 0.92-0.99) and 0.93 (0.88-0.98) for cardiovascular mortality for every 10 mg/dL decrease in apolipoprotein B by all interventions combined. Reduction in all-cause mortality was limited to statins (0.92 (0.86-0.98)). For MACE, the relative risk per 10 mg/dL reduction in apolipoprotein B was 0.93 (0.90-0.97) for all therapies combined, with both statin (0.88 (0.83-0.93)) and non-statin therapies (0.96 (0.94-0.99)). which clear apolipoprotein B by upregulating LDL-R showing significant reductions; whereas interventions which lower apolipoprotein B independent of LDL-R did not demonstrate this effect (1.02 (0.81-1.30)).
CONCLUSION
While both statin and established non-statin therapies (PCSK9 inhibitor and ezetimibe) reduced cardiovascular risk per decrease in apolipoprotein B, interventions which reduce apolipoprotein B independently of LDL-R were not associated with cardiovascular benefit.
Topics: Apolipoproteins B; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31475865
DOI: 10.1177/2047487319871733 -
Atherosclerosis Oct 2017Genetic studies have been reported on the association between APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke, but results remain controversial.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Genetic studies have been reported on the association between APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke, but results remain controversial. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to infer the causal relationships of APOA5 (rs662799, rs3135506), APOB (rs693, rs1042031, rs1801701), APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117) and ABCA1 rs2230806 with ischemic stroke risk.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed for all the articles retrieved from multiple databases, up until March 2017. Data were extracted from all eligible studies, and meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and R package 3.2.1. The strength of association between each studied polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk was measured as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), under fixed- and random-effect models.
RESULTS
A total of 79 studies reporting on the association between the studied polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk were identified. The pooled data indicated that all genetic models of APOA5 rs662799 (ORs = 1.23-1.43), allelic and over-dominant models of APOA5 rs3135506 (ORs = 1.77-1.97), APOB rs1801701 (ORs = 1.72-2.13) and APOB rs1042031 (ORs = 1.66-1.88) as well as dominant model of ABCA1 rs2230806 (OR = 1.31) were significantly associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, no significant associations were observed between ischemic stroke and the other five polymorphisms, namely ApoB (rs693) and APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116 and rs2854117), under any genetic model.
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis confirmed a significant association of APOA5 rs662799 CC, APOA5 rs3135506 CG, APOB rs1801701 GA, APOB rs1042031 GA and ABCA1 rs2230806 GG with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Apolipoprotein A-V; Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoprotein C-III; Brain Ischemia; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Odds Ratio; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 28865324
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.003 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Jan 2024To investigate the effects of rapeseed oil on body composition, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in people with overweight and obesity compared to other cooking oils.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To investigate the effects of rapeseed oil on body composition, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in people with overweight and obesity compared to other cooking oils. We searched eight databases for randomized controlled studies (including randomized crossover trials). The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Sensitivity analysis was used to check the stability of the pooled results. Statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. As a result, fifteen randomized controlled studies (including six parallel studies and nine crossover studies) were included in this study. Compared to other edible oils, rapeseed oil significantly reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD = -0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.08, I = 0%, P < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (MD = -0.03 g/L, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, I = 0%, P = 0.0003), ApoB/ApoA1 (MD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.00, I = 0%, P = 0.02) and insulin (MD = -12.45 pmol/L, 95% CI: -19.61, -5.29, I = 37%, P = 0.0007) levels, and increased fasting glucose (MD = 0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27, I = 27%, P = 0.003) levels. However, the differences in body weight and body composition between rapeseed oil and control oils were not significant. In a word, rapeseed oil is effective in reducing LDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/ApoA1 levels in people with overweight and obesity, which is helpful in preventing and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022333436.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Rapeseed Oil; Cholesterol, LDL; Obesity; Body Composition; Apolipoproteins B
PubMed: 37740067
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01344-1 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Mar 2016Oxidative stress markers seem to be higher in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) than healthy controls, but the potentially beneficial effects of weight gain is not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oxidative stress markers seem to be higher in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) than healthy controls, but the potentially beneficial effects of weight gain is not known. We calculated random effects standardised mean differences (SMDs) as effect size measures of oxidative stress marker changes after re-alimentation reported in two or more studies, summarising others descriptively. Seven longitudinal studies (n = 104) were included. After a median follow-up period of 8 weeks, AN patients significantly increased their body mass index (15.1 ± 2.1 to 17.1 ± 2.2, p < 0.0001). This weight gain was followed by a significant increase in serum levels of the antioxidant albumin (studies = 6, SMD = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.18; 0.82, p = 0.002; I(2) = 16%) and a significant decrease in the oxidative stress marker Apolipoprotein B (studies = 2, n = 19, SMD = -0.85, 95%CI = -1.53; -0.17, p = 0.01; I(2) = 0). In one study, catalase and total antioxidant capacity increased, whilst superoxide dismutase significantly decreased. In conclusion, oral re-alimentation, even without full-weight normalisation, seems to improve oxidative stress in people with AN.
Topics: Albumins; Anorexia Nervosa; Antioxidants; Apolipoprotein B-100; Biomarkers; Catalase; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Weight Gain
PubMed: 26663703
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2420 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2015High-oleic acid soybean oil (H-OSBO) is a trait-enhanced vegetable oil containing >70% oleic acid. Developed as an alternative for trans-FA (TFA)-containing vegetable... (Review)
Review
A systematic review of high-oleic vegetable oil substitutions for other fats and oils on cardiovascular disease risk factors: implications for novel high-oleic soybean oils.
High-oleic acid soybean oil (H-OSBO) is a trait-enhanced vegetable oil containing >70% oleic acid. Developed as an alternative for trans-FA (TFA)-containing vegetable oils, H-OSBO is predicted to replace large amounts of soybean oil in the US diet. However, there is little evidence concerning the effects of H-OSBO on coronary heart disease (CHD)(6) risk factors and CHD risk. We examined and quantified the effects of substituting high-oleic acid (HO) oils for fats and oils rich in saturated FAs (SFAs), TFAs, or n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) on blood lipids in controlled clinical trials. Searches of online databases through June 2014 were used to select studies that defined subject characteristics; described control and intervention diets; substituted HO oils compositionally similar to H-OSBO (i.e., ≥70% oleic acid) for equivalent amounts of oils high in SFAs, TFAs, or n-6 PUFAs for ≥3 wk; and reported changes in blood lipids. Studies that replaced saturated fats or oils with HO oils showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (P < 0.05; mean percentage of change: -8.0%, -10.9%, -7.9%, respectively), whereas most showed no changes in HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), the ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol (TC:HDL cholesterol), and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1). Replacing TFA-containing oil sources with HO oils showed significant reductions in TC, LDL cholesterol, apoB, TGs, TC:HDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol and apoA-1 (mean percentage of change: -5.7%, -9.2%, -7.3%, -11.7%, -12.1%, 5.6%, 3.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). In most studies that replaced oils high in n-6 PUFAs with equivalent amounts of HO oils, TC, LDL cholesterol, TGs, HDL cholesterol, apoA-1, and TC:HDL cholesterol did not change. These findings suggest that replacing fats and oils high in SFAs or TFAs with either H-OSBO or oils high in n-6 PUFAs would have favorable and comparable effects on plasma lipid risk factors and overall CHD risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Apolipoproteins B; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Oleic Acid; Risk Factors; Soybean Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 26567193
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008979 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is usually treated with levothyroxine, but there is controversy as to whether SCH should be treated, especially for older patients. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is usually treated with levothyroxine, but there is controversy as to whether SCH should be treated, especially for older patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether levothyroxine has a beneficial or harmful effect on older patients with SCH.
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, Weipu and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception until December 21, 2021. Subjects must be diagnosed with SCH, and older than or equal to 60 years of age. Interventions should be thyroid hormone therapy (e.g. levothyroxine). The literature was independently screened by 2 researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.
RESULTS
A total of 13 articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that in older SCH patients, levothyroxine can significantly reduce cholesterol (TC) ( < 0.00001), triglyceride (TG) ( < 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( = 0.03) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ( < 0.00001). In addition, levothyroxine had no significant effect on bone mineral density, fatigue, hypothyroidism symptoms, quality of life, BMI, cognitive function, depression, blood pressure, etc. in older SCH patients, and also did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Among older SCH patients, levothyroxine treatment may reduce TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB.
Topics: Aged; Apolipoproteins B; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Quality of Life; Thyroxine; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35909574
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.913749 -
Atherosclerosis. Supplements Mar 2019To investigate the status of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) research and the characteristics of patients with FH in China.
AIMS
To investigate the status of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) research and the characteristics of patients with FH in China.
METHODS
Published papers in Chinese or English language from PubMed, SinoMed and CNKI databases from 1971 to March 2018 were searched using 'Familial hypercholesterolemia', 'Chinese' and 'Han' as keywords. A systematic review of studies on familial hypercholesterolemia was then conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 391 articles were found, in which 22% were in English and 78% were in Chinese; approximately 43% are case reports and 34% are genetic reports according to the study type; 52% discussed the status of the disease and 11% investigated the subclinical status according to the study content. Furthermore, 96% of the articles were published by tertiary hospitals and 46% were conducted by cardiologists. The first expert consensus was issued in February 2018. Of the 163 case reports published before 2018, 48.7% used the Chinese FH clinical diagnostic criteria and 34.4% did not clearly indicate the diagnostic criteria. The incidence rates of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) mutations were 82% and 9%, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mutations were rare in Chinese patients with FH. However, the data on lipid-lowering treatment rates, compliance rates and cardiovascular events in FH remain insufficient.
CONCLUSIONS
Large-scale epidemiological investigation of FH has not been demonstrated, the recognition of FH remains rudimentary, and the guidelines are incomplete in China. The diagnosis and management of Chinese FH needs to be improved.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Apolipoprotein B-100; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Mutation Rate; Phenotype; Proprotein Convertase 9; Receptors, LDL; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30876527
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2019.01.003 -
The Breast Journal Jul 2019
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Heterozygote; Humans; Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B; Hypobetalipoproteinemias; Lipoproteins, LDL; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31111608
DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13341 -
Atherosclerosis Jul 2020Genetic identification is a public health care concern for management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Genetic identification is a public health care concern for management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study presents the spectrum and distribution of LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 gene mutations in Asia.
METHODS
Databases were searched for English papers from 1950 to 2019. The spectrum of the variants was investigated in 8994 FH families in 48 Asian countries. We determined the frequency of variants, zygosity, and clinical features.
RESULTS
Twenty countries have studied LDLR variants. A total of 629 mutations were reported and twenty variants were accounted as common variants in different populations. China, Japan, India and Taiwan constituted 68% of published articles. The most frequent mutation was reported in Japan but was not common in other countries. Other missense variants accounted for 50% of the mutations, frameshifts 19%, and nonsense 11%. The pooled frequency of variation was estimated in 1867 individuals. Approximately 67% of Iranian families were homozygous.,The common variant was p.Ser130Ter. p.Arg3527Trp in APOB was common among 184 heterozygous patients; the common variant of PCSK9 was p.Glu32Lys.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review of LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 mutations in FH patients in Asia. These findings underscore the need to fill in the gap of studies on different populations in Asia. It also underlies the importance of early detection and management to decrease atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in different ethnicities.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Asia; China; DNA Mutational Analysis; Humans; India; Iran; Japan; Mutation; Phenotype; Proprotein Convertase 9; Receptors, LDL; Taiwan
PubMed: 32629184
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.004