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Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria May 2022Sleep is a special physiological state that occurs cyclically. The probable role of sleep in our organic functions remains to be explored to clarify the impact of sleep...
BACKGROUND
Sleep is a special physiological state that occurs cyclically. The probable role of sleep in our organic functions remains to be explored to clarify the impact of sleep on brain functions. Sleep deprivation is known to affect all parts of the brain separately and independently, but further research is needed on the impact of sleep disorders on attention, particularly the specific types of attention that are most affected, and whether there is such a correlation.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of the possible correlation between sleep disorders and attentional performance.
METHODS
A systematic review and search at PubMed, SciELO, and Cochrane scientific databases for articles published in the last 10 years was carried out using the following keywords: sleep, attention, and attentional performance. Inclusion criteria were the use of attention tests and sleep disorders. Of the 1398 articles found, 15 were selected and included in this review.
RESULTS
The number of publications evaluating sleep and sleep disorders has increased, but is still limited. Of all the functions normally assessed, patients with sleep disorders perform worse on attention tasks, especially with sustained attention. However, these data require further investigation due to the complexity and diversity of the disorders, the small sample size of the included studies, and the fact that few studies used standardized tests.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that the correlation between sleep and attention is strong but limited. Few studies are devoted exclusively to the extent to which sleep disorders interferes with attention.
Topics: Attention; Brain; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35476076
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2021-0182 -
Neuromodulation : Journal of the... Oct 2023This study aims to describe the state of literature regarding the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during spinal cord stimulator surgery. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to describe the state of literature regarding the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during spinal cord stimulator surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of the use of IONM during spinal cord stimulation (SCS) surgery was performed using the following three data bases: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase. Research techniques included systematic research following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol by Cochrane, and backward searching. Qualitative analysis of included articles was performed using the methodologic index for nonrandomized studies assessment tool. Direction of effect, consistency across studies, and cost-effectiveness were narratively synthesized.
RESULTS
A total of 15 records were identified through data base searching. All records used IONM methods under general anesthesia for guidance of epidural lead placement. IONM techniques used for determining lateralization in the found articles were compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) (n = 8), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) (n = 3) or both (n = 4). Motor evoked potentials were used in three trials for neuroprotection purposes. Two studies were comparative, and 12 were noncomparative.
CONCLUSIONS
We found a good body of level II evidence that using IONM during SCS surgery is a valid alternative to awake surgery and may even be superior regarding pain management, cost-effectiveness, and postoperative neurologic deficits. In direct comparison, the found evidence suggested using CMAP provided more consistently favorable results than using SSEP for midline placement of epidural leads under general anesthesia. Selection of IONM modality should be made on the basis of pathophysiology of disease, individual IONM experience, and the individual patient.
Topics: Humans; Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; Spinal Cord Stimulation; Brain Neoplasms; Wakefulness; Neurosurgical Procedures; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37802585
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.06.010 -
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2023Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a severe and debilitating sub-type of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia that can be resistant to medical management and associated with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a severe and debilitating sub-type of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia that can be resistant to medical management and associated with significant impairment in quality of life. Studies of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for CCH have provided promising results but have not been assessed in a comprehensive systematic review/meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of patients with CCH treated with DBS to provide insight on safety and efficacy.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. 16 studies were included in final analysis. A random-effects model was used to meta-analyze data.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies reported 108 cases for data extraction and analysis. DBS was feasible in >99% of cases and was performed either awake or asleep. Meta-analysis revealed that the mean difference in headache attack frequency and headache intensity after DBS were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Utilization of microelectrode recording was associated with statistically significant improvement in headache intensity postoperatively (p = 0.006). The average overall follow-up period was 45.4 months and ranged from 1 to 144 months. Death occurred in <1%. The rate of major complications was 16.67%.
CONCLUSIONS
DBS for CCHs is a feasible surgical technique with a reasonable safety profile that can be successfully performed either awake or asleep. In carefully selected patients, approximately 70% of patients achieve excellent control of their headaches.
Topics: Humans; Cluster Headache; Deep Brain Stimulation; Quality of Life; Wakefulness; Headache; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37245509
DOI: 10.1159/000530508 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2021Social cognitive abilities are affected by preterm birth, but pathways to, and risk factors for this outcome are not well mapped. We examined direct assessment tasks... (Review)
Review
Social cognitive abilities are affected by preterm birth, but pathways to, and risk factors for this outcome are not well mapped. We examined direct assessment tasks including objective coding of parent-child play to chart social development in infancy and pre-school years. A systematic search and data-extraction procedure yielded seventy-nine studies (4930 preterm and 2109 term children, aged birth - five years), for inclusion. We detected a pattern of reduced social attention in the first 12 months of life with evidence of reduced performance in social cognitive tasks later in the preschool years. However, we did not identify a consistent, distinctive preterm social phenotype in early life. Instead, the interactive behaviour of preterm infants reflects factors from outside the social cognitive domain, such as attention, language, and socioeconomic status. By combining data across samples and measures we revealed the role of domain-general skills, which may in future prove fruitful intervention targets.
Topics: Aged; Attention; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Social Cognition
PubMed: 33524414
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.006 -
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Oct 2023Adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function have been an important area of research for many years. However, the duration of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function have been an important area of research for many years. However, the duration of SSRI-associated sexual adverse effects, and their possible persistence after treatment discontinuation, is still uncertain. The aims of the current systematic review were first to identify existing evidence of sexual dysfunction following SSRI discontinuation, and to provide an account of reported symptoms and proposed treatment options; and second, to establish whether current literature allows accurate estimates of the prevalence of such sexual dysfunction.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar; papers with clinical data regarding patients with persistent sexual dysfunction after SSRI treatment suspension were included.
RESULTS
Overall, two retrospective interventional studies, six observational studies and 11 case reports were judged eligible for inclusion. It was not possible to determine reliable estimates of prevalence. Similarly, a cause-effect relationship between SSRI exposure and persistent sexual impairment could not be ascertained. Nonetheless, the potential for continued sexual disturbances despite discontinuation could not be entirely ruled out.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to investigate a possible dose-response relationship between SSRI exposure and persistent sexual adverse effects. Treatment options for persistent dysfunctions remain limited, but novel therapeutic approaches may be required in order to address an otherwise neglected need for sexual well-being.
Topics: Humans; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Arousal; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Genitalia
PubMed: 37294623
DOI: 10.1002/pds.5653 -
JAMA Psychiatry Feb 2017Increased activity and energy alongside mood change are identified in the DSM-5 as cardinal symptoms of mania and hypomania. A wide range of existing research suggests... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Increased activity and energy alongside mood change are identified in the DSM-5 as cardinal symptoms of mania and hypomania. A wide range of existing research suggests that this revision may be valid, but systematic integration of the evidence has not been reported. The term activation is understood as emerging from underlying physiological change and having objective (observable motor activity) and related subjective (energy) levels.
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review studies of the clinical phenomenon of activation in bipolar disorder, to determine whether activation is statistically abnormal in bipolar disorder and demonstrably distinct from mood, and to identify any significant between- and within-individual differences in the dynamics of activation.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
This systematic review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PubMed databases from January 1, 1970, until September 30, 2016, identified 56 of a possible 3284 citations for (1) data-driven analyses of the dimensions and factor structure of mania and bipolar depression and (2) longitudinal studies reporting real-time objective monitoring or momentary assessment of daytime activity in individuals with bipolar disorder compared with other clinical or healthy control samples. Hand search of reference lists, specialty journals, websites, published conference proceedings, and dissertation abstracts and contact with other researchers ensured inclusion of gray literature and additional analyses as well as raw data if appropriate. Quality assessment was perfomed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool.
FINDINGS
A total of 56 studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review including 29 analyses of the factor structure of bipolar disorder, 3 of activity data from experimental sampling or ecological momentary assessment, and 20 actigraphy and 4 laboratory-based studies. Synthesizing findings across the studies revealed that the most robust finding was that mean levels of activity are lower during euthymia and depression in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls and other comparison groups (11 studies). The 7 ecological and laboratory studies show less organized or predictable patterns of behavior and a relative lack of habituation among patients with bipolar disorders compared with others. Factor analytic studies provide fairly consistent evidence that mood and activation represent distinct dimensions of bipolar disorder. Ten studies that examined interindividual and intraindividual patterns of activity suggest that mania may be better characterized by differences in robustness, variability, predictability, or complexity of activation rather than mean levels of activity.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Within the limitations of the data, this synthesis of available evidence broadly supports the elevation of activation as a criterion A symptom for bipolar disorder in DSM-5. Although the importance of activation in bipolar disorders has been acknowledged for more than a century, this review suggests that this critical construct is understudied and should be the topic of more systematic high-quality research.
Topics: Arousal; Bipolar Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Motor Activity; Reference Values
PubMed: 28002572
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3459 -
Appetite Aug 2020Attentional bias to food stimuli may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of overweight and obesity. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis per the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Attentional bias to food stimuli may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of overweight and obesity. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify the effect size associated with attentional bias to palatable food in persons with overweight/obesity across the age spectrum. Included studies measured attentional bias to food stimuli using two reaction-time tasks (dot-probe, emotional Stroop), eye-tracking methodology, and/or event-related potentials. Meta-analysis showed that persons with overweight/obesity did not differ from persons with a healthy weight on any of the following: automatic and maintained attention to food stimuli measured by the dot-probe task (Hedge's g = -0.355, 95% CI = -0.383, 0.486; and Hedge's g = 0.006, 95% CI = -0.187, 0.199); attentional bias to food stimuli measured by the emotional Stroop task (Hedge's g = 0.184, 95% CI = -0.283, 0.651); and attentional bias to food images on gaze-direction and gaze-duration bias eye-tracking metrics (Hedge's g = 0.317, 95% CI = -0.096, 0.729; and Hedge's g = 0.056, 95% CI = -0.296, 0.407). Systematic review of preliminary event-related potentials research suggested automatic, but not maintained, attention to food images in persons with overweight/obesity. Limitations of past attentional bias research in overweight/obesity, such as poor reliability of measures and lack of consideration of moderators, such as binge eating and degree of overweight/obesity, preclude the ability to draw firm conclusions. We recommend implementation of empirically based methods for improving psychometric properties of attentional bias measures and examination of potential moderators so that the field can understand whether attentional bias to food is truly greater in overweight/obesity.
Topics: Attentional Bias; Food; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 32298701
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104710 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2022Naps are increasingly considered a means to boost cognitive performance. We quantified the cognitive effects of napping in 60 samples from 54 studies. 52 samples... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Naps are increasingly considered a means to boost cognitive performance. We quantified the cognitive effects of napping in 60 samples from 54 studies. 52 samples evaluated memory. We first evaluated effect sizes for all tests together, before separately assessing their effects on memory, vigilance, speed of processing and executive function. We next examined whether nap effects were moderated by study features of age, nap length, nap start time, habituality and prior sleep restriction. Naps showed significant benefits for the total aggregate of cognitive tests (Cohen's d = 0.379, CI = 0.296-0.462). Significant domain specific effects were present for declarative (Cohen's d = 0.376, CI = 0.269-0.482) and procedural memory (Cohen's d = 0.494, CI = 0.301-0.686), vigilance (Cohen's d = 0.610, CI = 0.291-0.929) and speed of processing (Cohen's d = 0.211, CI = 0.052-0.369). There were no significant moderation effects of any of the study features. Nap effects were of comparable magnitude across subgroups of each of the 5 moderators (Q values = 0.009 to 8.572, p values > 0.116). Afternoon naps have a small to medium benefit over multiple cognitive tests. These effects transcend age, nap duration and tentatively, habituality and prior nocturnal sleep.
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Executive Function; Sleep; Wakefulness
PubMed: 36041284
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101666 -
Memory (Hove, England) Jan 2023Inaccurate memory reports can have serious consequences within forensic and clinical settings, where emotion and misinformation are two common sources of memory... (Review)
Review
Inaccurate memory reports can have serious consequences within forensic and clinical settings, where emotion and misinformation are two common sources of memory distortion. Many studies have investigated how these factors are related; does emotion protect memory or leave it more vulnerable to the distorting effects of misinformation? The findings remain diffused. Thus, the present review aimed to clarify the relationship between emotion and susceptibility to misinformation. 39 eligible studies were reviewed. Results varied according to the type and dimension of emotion measured. Level of arousal may be unrelated to susceptibility to misinformation when retrieval occurs without delay; studies including delayed retrieval were limited. Stimuli valence may be associated with increased susceptibility to peripheral misinformation but unrelated to other misinformation. The following results were reported by limited studies: short-term distress and moderate levels of stress may decrease susceptibility, while anger and greater cortisol response to stress may increase susceptibility to misinformation. Source memory may also be unaffected by emotion. The results have important potential implications for forensic and clinical practice, for example by highlighting the value of enquiring witnesses' source memory. Methodological recommendations for future studies are made.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Communication; Memory Disorders; Arousal; Health Status; Mental Recall
PubMed: 36093958
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2120623 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Aug 2021Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also... (Review)
Review
Attentional, executive, and memory processes play a pivotal role in time perception. As acute or chronic alcohol consumption influences these processes, it should also modify time perception. We systematically reviewed and critically assessed all existing studies on time perception among alcohol drinkers, following the PICOS procedure and PRISMA guidelines. We selected 31 articles, distributed across four populations (i.e., alcohol intoxication, binge/heavy drinking, severe alcohol use disorder [SAUD], and Korsakoff syndrome). Several studies suggested the overestimation or underestimation of time during alcohol intoxication. No direct effect of binge/heavy drinking was observed on time perception, while studies on SAUD reported conflicting results. Participants with Korsakoff syndrome exhibited globally impaired time perception and marked deficits in associated cognitive abilities. This systematic review suggests that alcohol consumption affects time perception only when specific cognitive processes are depleted. However, due to the methodological limitations related to existing studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Guidelines and perspectives to advance the field are proposed.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Attention; Ethanol; Humans; Time Perception
PubMed: 33933506
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.027