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Complementary Therapies in Medicine Oct 2017Rosa damascena Mill. is one of the most famous ornamental plants cultivated all over the world mostly for perfumery industries. Traditionally it has been used as an... (Review)
Review
Rosa damascena Mill. is one of the most famous ornamental plants cultivated all over the world mostly for perfumery industries. Traditionally it has been used as an astringent, analgesic, cardiac and intestinal tonic.The paucity ofauthoritative monographs urged usto summarize its clinical effectiveness and safety with acomprehensive review of the literature. "PUBMED", "SCOPUS", "WEBOF SCIENCE" were searched up to April 30, 2017 with search terms:("Rosa damascena" OR "Damask Rose"). All human studies with any mono-preparation were included. In vitro and animal studies from "PUBMED"were also reviewed and outlined. Of "1000" identified publications, twelveeligibleclinical trials were retrieved. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, protective neuronal, cardiac, gastrointestinal and hepatic effectsin 30 in vitro and 21 animal studies were also shown. there are promising evidences for the effectiveness and safety of Rosa damascena Mill in pain relief, but confirmatory studies withstandardized products is suggested.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Flowers; Humans; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rosa
PubMed: 28917365
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.014 -
Current Opinion in Food Science Jun 2019Oral tribology is rapidly entering into the food scientists' toolbox because of its promises to predict surface-related mouthfeel perception. In this systematic review,... (Review)
Review
Oral tribology is rapidly entering into the food scientists' toolbox because of its promises to predict surface-related mouthfeel perception. In this systematic review, we discuss how oral tribology relates to specific sensory attributes in model and real foods focussing on recent literature from 2016 onwards. Electronic searches were conducted in four databases, yielding 4857 articles which were narrowed down to a set of 16 articles using pre-specified criteria. New empirical correlations have emerged between friction coefficients in the mixed lubrication regime and fat-related perception (e.g. smoothness) as well as non-fat-related perception (e.g. pastiness, astringency, stickiness). To develop mechanistically supported generalized relationships, we recommend coupling tribological surfaces and testing conditions that are harmonized across laboratories with temporal sensory testing and multivariate statistical analysis.
PubMed: 31903320
DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.05.007 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2016Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate the sickled cells by reducing the loss of water and ions from them. Little is known about the effectiveness and safety of such drugs. This is an updated version of a previously published review.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the relative risks and benefits of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register.Last search of the Group's Trials Register: 28 November 2015.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells compared to placebo or an alternative treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed study quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 51 studies identified, three met the inclusion criteria. The first study tested the effectiveness of zinc sulphate to prevent sickle cell-related crises in a total of 145 participants and showed a significant reduction in painful crises over one and a half years, mean difference -2.83 (95% confidence interval -3.51 to -2.15). However, analysis was restricted due to limited statistical data. Changes to red cell parameters and blood counts were inconsistent. No serious adverse events were noted in the study.The second study was a Phase II dose-finding study of senicapoc (a Gardos channel blocker) compared to placebo. Compared to the placebo group the high dose senicapoc showed significant improvement in change in hemoglobin level, number and proportion of dense red blood cells, red blood cell count and indices and hematocrit. The results with low-dose senicapoc were similar to the high-dose senicapoc group but of lesser magnitude. There was no difference in the frequency of painful crises between the three groups. A subsequent Phase III study of senicapoc was terminated early since there was no difference observed between the treatment and control groups in the primary end point of painful crises.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
While the results of zinc for reducing sickle-related crises are encouraging, larger and longer-term multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy for people with sickle cell disease.While the Phase II and the prematurely terminated phase III studies of senicapoc showed that the drug improved red cell survival (depending on dose), this did not lead to fewer painful crises.We will continue to run searches to identify any potentially relevant trials; however, we do not plan to update other sections of the review until new trials are published.
Topics: Acetamides; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Antisickling Agents; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Dehydration; Early Termination of Clinical Trials; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocytes; Humans; Piracetam; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trityl Compounds; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 26942338
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003426.pub5 -
International Forum of Allergy &... Jul 2016Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) is the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Several treatments have been presented in the literature. The objective of this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) is the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Several treatments have been presented in the literature. The objective of this study is to systematically review the existing literature on the effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for PVOD.
METHODS
We performed a literature search of PubMed, Ovid, and ScienceDirect from 1966 to 2014. Inclusion criteria included English-language articles containing original data on pharmacologic treatment of PVOD with ≥5 subjects, measurable outcomes, and readily available treatments. Data was collected regarding study design, subject demographic information, clinical outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators reviewed all articles independently.
RESULTS
Of 445 abstracts identified, 8 articles were included, yielding 563 patients. Treatments investigated included oral corticosteroids, local injections of corticosteroids, zinc sulfate, alpha lipoic acid, caroverine, vitamin A, Ginkgo biloba, and minocycline. Outcome measures were determined by symptom scores and objective olfactory test methods-the most common being Sniffin' Sticks. Improvement was noted in subjects receiving oral corticosteroid therapy, local injections of corticosteroid, alpha lipoic acid, and caroverine, whereas vitamin A, zinc sulfate, Ginkgo biloba, and minocycline groups did not show significant improvement.
CONCLUSION
The majority of therapies investigated that show benefit in treating PVOD are of poor quality. Although caroverine therapy showed benefit and is a level 1b study, etiologies of olfactory dysfunction other than PVOD were included as well, which clouds the results. Overall, there is no strong evidence for any pharmacologic treatment of PVOD in the literature.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Minocycline; Olfaction Disorders; Quinoxalines; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin A; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 26879592
DOI: 10.1002/alr.21727 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... May 2018Zinc sulfate may be a promising approach to treat neonatal jaundice. However, the results remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Zinc sulfate may be a promising approach to treat neonatal jaundice. However, the results remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zinc sulfate on hyperbilirubinemia among neonates.
METHODS
PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, Cochrane library databases, Ovid, BMJ database, and CINAHL were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of zinc sulfate versus placebo on the prevention of jaundice in neonates were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. The primary outcomes were total serum bilirubin (TSB) on three days and seven days, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia. Meta-analysis was performed using random- or fixed-effect models.
RESULTS
Five RCTs involving 645 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with placebo, zinc sulfate supplementation failed to significantly reduce TSB on three days (mean difference (MD) = 0.09 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.49 to 0.67; p = .77), TSB on seven days (MD = -0.37 mg/dL; 95% CI = -98 to 0.25; p = .25) as well as the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.76; p = .56). Zinc sulfate showed no influence on phototherapy requirement (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.98; p = .79), but resulted in significantly decreased duration of phototherapy (MD = -16.69 h; 95% CI = -25.09 to -8.3 h; p < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Zinc sulfate could not reduce the TSB on three days and seven days, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy requirement, but lead to significantly decreased duration of phototherapy.
Topics: Bilirubin; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Male; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 28372469
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1315659 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2022Loss of olfactory function is well recognised as a symptom of COVID-19 infection, and the pandemic has resulted in a large number of individuals with abnormalities in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Loss of olfactory function is well recognised as a symptom of COVID-19 infection, and the pandemic has resulted in a large number of individuals with abnormalities in their sense of smell. For many, the condition is temporary and resolves within two to four weeks. However, in a significant minority the symptoms persist. At present, it is not known whether early intervention with any form of treatment (such as medication or olfactory training) can promote recovery and prevent persisting olfactory disturbance. This is an update of the 2021 review with four studies added.
OBJECTIVES
1) To evaluate the benefits and harms of any intervention versus no treatment for people with acute olfactory dysfunction due to COVID-19 infection. 2) To keep the evidence up-to-date, using a living systematic review approach. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the latest search was 20 October 2021.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in people with COVID-19 related olfactory disturbance, which had been present for less than four weeks. We included any intervention compared to no treatment or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were the presence of normal olfactory function, serious adverse effects and change in sense of smell. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of parosmia, change in sense of taste, disease-related quality of life and other adverse effects (including nosebleeds/bloody discharge). We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS: We included five studies with 691 participants. The studies evaluated the following interventions: intranasal corticosteroid sprays, intranasal corticosteroid drops, intranasal hypertonic saline and zinc sulphate. Intranasal corticosteroid spray compared to no intervention/placebo We included three studies with 288 participants who had olfactory dysfunction for less than four weeks following COVID-19. Presence of normal olfactory function The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of intranasal corticosteroid spray on both self-rated recovery of olfactory function and recovery of olfactory function using psychophysical tests at up to four weeks follow-up (self-rated: risk ratio (RR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.68; 1 study; 100 participants; psychophysical testing: RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.63; 1 study; 77 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Change in sense of smell The evidence is also very uncertain about the effect of intranasal corticosteroid spray on self-rated change in the sense of smell (at less than 4 weeks: mean difference (MD) 0.5 points lower, 95% CI 1.38 lower to 0.38 higher; 1 study; 77 participants; at > 4 weeks to 3 months: MD 2.4 points higher, 95% CI 1.32 higher to 3.48 higher; 1 study; 100 participants; very low-certainty evidence, rated on a scale of 1 to 10, higher scores mean better olfactory function). Intranasal corticosteroids may make little or no difference to the change in sense of smell when assessed with psychophysical testing (MD 0.2 points, 95% CI 2.06 points lower to 2.06 points higher; 1 study; 77 participants; low-certainty evidence, 0- to 24-point scale, higher scores mean better olfactory function). Serious adverse effects The authors of one study reported no adverse effects, but their intention to collect these data was not pre-specified so we are uncertain if these were systematically sought and identified. The remaining two studies did not report on adverse effects. Intranasal corticosteroid drops compared to no intervention/placebo We included one study with 248 participants who had olfactory dysfunction for ≤ 15 days following COVID-19. Presence of normal olfactory function Intranasal corticosteroid drops may make little or no difference to self-rated recovery at > 4 weeks to 3 months (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.11; 1 study; 248 participants; low-certainty evidence). No other outcomes were assessed by this study. Data on the use of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and the use of zinc sulphate to prevent persistent olfactory dysfunction are included in the full text of the review.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is very limited evidence available on the efficacy and harms of treatments for preventing persistent olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 infection. However, we have identified a number of ongoing trials in this area. As this is a living systematic review we will update the data regularly, as new results become available.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; COVID-19; Chronic Disease; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis; Smell; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 36063364
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013877.pub3 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2016Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than five years of age. Most deaths occur during infancy and in low-income countries. Daily... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than five years of age. Most deaths occur during infancy and in low-income countries. Daily zinc supplements have been reported to prevent acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and reduce child mortality. This is an update of a review first published in 2010.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the prevention of pneumonia in children aged two to 59 months.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL (Issue 21 October 2016), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2016), Embase (1974 to October 2016), LILACS (1982 to October 2016), CINAHL (1981 to October 2016), Web of Science (1985 to October 2016) and IMSEAR (1980 to October 2016).
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged from 2 months to 59 months.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
We did not identify any new studies for inclusion in this update. We included six studies that involved 5193 participants.Analysis showed that zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of pneumonia by 13% (fixed-effect risk ratio (RR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.94, six studies, low-quality evidence) and prevalence of pneumonia by 41% (random-effects RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.99, one study, n = 609, low-quality evidence). On subgroup analysis, we found that zinc reduced the incidence of pneumonia defined by specific clinical criteria by 21% (i.e. confirmation by chest examination or chest radiograph) (fixed-effect RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.0.71 to 0.88, four studies, n = 3261), but had no effect on lower specificity pneumonia case definition (i.e. age-specific fast breathing with or without lower chest indrawing) (fixed-effect RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.06, four studies, n = 1932).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Gluconates; Humans; Infant; Pneumonia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Zinc Acetate; Zinc Compounds; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 27915460
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005978.pub3 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2018Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin, resulting in abnormal red blood cells. These are rigid and may block blood vessels leading to acute painful crises and other complications. Recent research has focused on therapies to rehydrate the sickled cells by reducing the loss of water and ions from them. Little is known about the effectiveness and safety of such drugs. This is an updated version of a previously published review.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the relative risks and benefits of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register. We also searched online trials registries for any ongoing trials (01 July 2018).Last search of the Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: 08 October 2018.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of drugs to rehydrate sickled red blood cells compared to placebo or an alternative treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed study quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 51 studies identified, three met the inclusion criteria, including 524 people with sickle cell disease aged between 12 and 65 years of age. One study tested the effectiveness of zinc sulphate as compared to placebo and the remaining two assessed senicapoc versus placebo. No deaths were seen in any of the studies (low-quality evidence). The zinc sulphate study showed a significant reduction in painful crises (in a total of 145 participants) over one and a half years, mean difference -2.83 (95% confidence interval -3.51 to -2.15) (moderate-quality evidence). However, analysis was restricted due to limited statistical data. Changes to red blood cell parameters and blood counts were inconsistent (very low-quality evidence). No serious adverse events were noted in the study. The Phase II dose-finding study of senicapoc (a Gardos channel blocker) compared to placebo showed that the high dose senicapoc showed significant improvement in change in hemoglobin level, the number and proportion of dense red blood cells, red blood cell count and indices and hematocrit value (very low-quality evidence). The results with low-dose senicapoc were similar to the high-dose senicapoc group but of lesser magnitude. There was no difference in the frequency of painful crises between the three groups (low-quality evidence). A subsequent Phase III study of senicapoc was terminated early since there was no difference observed between the treatment and control groups in the primary end point of painful crises.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
While the results of zinc for reducing sickle-related crises are encouraging, larger and longer-term multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy for people with sickle cell disease.While the Phase II and the prematurely terminated phase III studies of senicapoc showed that the drug improved red blood cell survival (depending on dose), this did not lead to fewer painful crises.Given this is no longer an active area of research, this review will no longer be regularly updated.
Topics: Acetamides; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Antisickling Agents; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Dehydration; Early Termination of Clinical Trials; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocytes; Humans; Piracetam; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Trityl Compounds; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 30338520
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003426.pub6 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Jun 2022Zinc has shown promise in the treatment of patients with viral warts in several clinical trials, but there is no consensus on its effectiveness. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Zinc has shown promise in the treatment of patients with viral warts in several clinical trials, but there is no consensus on its effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of various formulations of zinc on cutaneous warts.
DATA SOURCES
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PUBMED, and Web of Science without publishing-time restriction. Trials examining zinc in the treatment of warts were collected.
RESULTS
Out of 265 articles, a total of 16 met inclusion criteria. Six clinical trials investigated the clinical effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation alone in treating viral warts, two trials evaluated the efficacy of oral zinc in combination with other therapy, five trials investigated the efficacy of intralesional zinc sulfate, and three trials investigated topical zinc treatment efficacy. Zinc therapy was found to be beneficial in 13 of 16 studies evaluating its effects on warts.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of zinc is a simple, safe, and cost-effective treatment in viral warts based on some preliminary evidence. However, more well-designed studies need to be performed to further evaluate the effect of zinc on warts.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Warts; Zinc; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 34132162
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1942420 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy in systematic...
Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine decoction as an adjuvant treatment for diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy in systematic evaluations. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering the period from January 2013 to July 2023. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted within the past decade that investigated the use of TCM decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy. The control group received western medicine treatment, while the intervention group received TCM decoction in addition to the conventional treatment. Endnote and Excel were employed for literature management and data organization, and Revman 5.3 and Stata 16 software were used for the analyses. 66 RCTs involving 6,951 participants were included in this study. The clinical efficacy of TCM decoction as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy was found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (OR = 3.12, 95% CI [2.70, 3.60], I = 0%, < 0.00001). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the intervention group and the control group (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.60, 1.48], I = 0%, = 0.94). According to the secondary outcomes of renal function and blood glucose indicators, the intervention group showed better therapeutic efficacy compared to the control group. The most frequently used TCM categories were tonifying medicine, blood-activating medicine, astringent medicine, diuretic medicine, heat-clearing medicine, and laxative medicine. Among them, the top five frequently used Chinese medicine were [Fabaceae; Astragali mongholici radix](58 times), [Lamiaceae; Radix et rhizoma salviae miltiorrhizae] (42 times), [Dioscoreaceae; Dioscoreae rhizoma] (38 times), [Polyporaceae; Poria] (38 times), and [Cornaceae; Corni fructus] (35 times). The combined use of TCM decoction with western medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy can enhance clinical effectiveness and 2 This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article achieve superior therapeutic effects in comparison to western medicine alone, without significant risks. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier [CRD42022529144].
PubMed: 38783937
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1327030