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Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Sep 2020Patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease (ACTD) may have anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). This study aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
Patients with autoimmune connective tissue disease (ACTD) may have anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in ACTD patients and controls.
METHODS
All case-control studies published between 1980 and 2019 in English were searched from Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed databases for meta-analysis and subgroup analyses.
RESULTS
Total 10,321 ACTD cases and 12,949 healthy controls were included, and the prevalence of thyroid autoantibody positivity was higher in ACTD patients than in controls. Subgroup analysis revealed positive association between TgAb and ACTD in populations from all continents including European, Asian, African, and American. In addition, we found positive association between TgAb positivity and most ACTD cases including RA, SLE, pSS, and UCTD, positive association between TPOAb positivity and all ACTD cases including RA, SLE, pSS, SSc, and UCTD, and positive association between TPOAb positivity and ACTD in European, Asian, and African but not in American populations.
CONCLUSION
Thyroid autoantibodies are more prevalent in ACTD patients than in healthy controls. It is important to screen patients with ACTD for the presence of thyroid autoimmunity, and perform thyroid function tests in clinical evaluation of ACTD patients.
Topics: Africa; Asia; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Connective Tissue Diseases; Europe; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Population Groups; Prevalence
PubMed: 32811198
DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2020.1811089 -
Immunology Letters Oct 2019Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of death worldwide in which the involvement of autoimmunity has been widely investigated and debated. The...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of death worldwide in which the involvement of autoimmunity has been widely investigated and debated. The role of autoantibodies in COPD has been extensively researched in recent years. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the association between autoantibodies and COPD and analyse whether autoantibody levels correlate with disease severity and/or phenotype. PubMed, Embase, OpenGrey and the reference lists of articles were searched. The strongest evidence for an association between autoantibodies and COPD lies with anti-endothelial/epithelial cell autoantibodies (7 studies, all positive), rheumatoid factor autoantibodies (4 studies, all positive), anti-cytokeratin autoantibodies (3 studies, all positive), anti-nuclear autoantibodies (8 studies, 7 positive) and anti-collagen autoantibodies (10 studies, 6 positive). This review also identifies several other autoantibodies which had both positive and negative associations with COPD, however the evidence for these was not as strong and/or the number of studies is low, and further research is required. In particular, a clear case can be made for the potential importance of autoantibodies to carbonylated proteins. The relationship between autoantibody levels and disease severity requires further research with only 17/43 studies investigating this; however, 12 of the studies did show a positive association, making it a promising area for future research. There was also not enough evidence available on the relationship between autoantibody levels and disease phenotype to draw any conclusions, with only 2 studies investigating it (1 positive and 1 negative). This review has shown very promising evidence for the association of several autoantibodies in COPD and has identified those autoantibodies which require further research.
Topics: Antibody Specificity; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 31472176
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.007 -
Acta Clinica Belgica Feb 2020: Autoimmune diseases include a spectrum of disorders in which immune response to the autoantigens leads to tissue damage or dysfunction. Xerostomia, salivary gland... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Autoimmune diseases include a spectrum of disorders in which immune response to the autoantigens leads to tissue damage or dysfunction. Xerostomia, salivary gland dysfunction and lack of saliva are some common symptoms associated with many autoimmune diseases.: In this review study, the meta-analysis technique is used to objectively review the relationship between autoimmune diseases and salivary gland dysfunction. We have searched Medline and Embase and Google Scholar. By Revman 5.3, meta-analysis was performed to investigate the salivary flow rate in both stimulatory and non-stimulatory saliva. The sample size obtained from these studies was 130 people with autoimmune diseases and 100 healthy individuals.: The results showed a significant decrease in the level of non-stimulatory saliva in people with autoimmune diseases.: A complete and comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestation of systemic diseases is crucial in early diagnosis of diseases and identifying the mechanisms that develop the disease. Other than xerostomia, there is a significant reduction in salivary flow rate in patients with autoimmune diseases. As saliva plays a very important role in oral health and has significant functions, more attention is needed for monitoring and managing of hyposalivation in autoimmune patients.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Salivary Gland Diseases; Salivary Glands; Scleroderma, Systemic; Xerostomia
PubMed: 30376766
DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1540164 -
PloS One 2017Antibodies targeting the inward-rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1 have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) but studies using diverse techniques have failed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Antibodies targeting the inward-rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1 have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) but studies using diverse techniques have failed to replicate this association. The detection of these antibodies is challenging; KIR4.1 glycosylation patterns and the use of diverse technical approaches may account for the disparity of results. We aimed to replicate the association using three different approaches to overcome the technical limitations of a single technique. We also performed a systematic review to examine the association of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies with MS.
METHODS
Serum samples from patients with MS (n = 108) and controls (n = 77) were tested for the presence of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies using three methods: 1) by ELISA with the low-glycosylated fraction of recombinant KIR4.1 purified from transfected HEK293 cells according to original protocols; 2) by immunocytochemistry using KIR4.1-transfected HEK293 cells; and 3) by immunocytochemistry using the KIR4.1.-transfected MO3.13 oligodendrocyte cell line. We developed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of anti-KIR4.1 antibodies with MS according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
We did not detect anti-KIR4.1 antibodies in the MS patients or in controls using ELISA. Neither did we detect any significant reactivity against the antigen on the cell surface using the KIR4.1-transfected HEK293 cells or the KIR4.1-transfected MO3.13 cells. We included 13 prospective controlled studies in the systematic review. Only three studies showed a positive association between anti-KIR4.1 and MS. Clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis of their results.
CONCLUSION
We found no association between anti-KIR4.1 antibody positivity and MS. Although this lack of replication may be due to technical limitations, evidence from our study and others is mounting against the role of KIR4.1 as a relevant MS autoantigen.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Autoantigens; Cell Line; Female; Glycosylation; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 28414733
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175538 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Jun 2021Autoimmune diseases are considered as one of the most important disorders of the immune system, in which the prolonged and chronic processes eliminate self-tolerance to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases; Is there an association with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune atrophy gastritis and autoimmune pancreatitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Autoimmune diseases are considered as one of the most important disorders of the immune system, in which the prolonged and chronic processes eliminate self-tolerance to the auto-antigens. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases has been increasing worldwide in the recent years. According to the literature, biological processes such as the host genome, epigenetic events, environmental condition, drug consumption, and infectious agents are the most important risk factors that make the host susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases. In the recent years, the role of Helicobacter pylori in the induction of autoimmune diseases has attracted extensive attention. Via molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, polyclonal activation, dysregulation in immune response, and highly immune-dominant virulence, such as cagA, H. pylori causes tissue damage, polarity, and proliferation of the host cells leading to the modulation of host immune responses. Moreover, given the large population worldwide infected with H. pylori, it seems likely that the bacterium may develop into autoimmune diseases through dysregulation of the immune response. The frequency and relationship between H. pylori infection and systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune atrophy gastritis, and autoimmune pancreatitis were evaluated using the data from 43 studies involving 5052 patients. According to statistical analysis it is probable that infection with more virulent strains of H. pylori (such as H. pylori cagA positive) can increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. In addition, it was shown that infection with H. pylori can prevent the development of atrophic gastritis by stimulating inflammation in the gastric antrum. However, future studies should confirm the validity of this study.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32891538
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.011 -
Journal of Neuroimmunology Sep 2021Aseptic meningitis can be caused by autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and sarcoidosis. Aseptic meningitis with leptomeningeal enhancement can be the initial...
BACKGROUND
Aseptic meningitis can be caused by autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and sarcoidosis. Aseptic meningitis with leptomeningeal enhancement can be the initial presentation of a neuroinflammatory syndrome associated with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-abs). MOG-abs is a serum biomarker for MOG-associated disorder (MOG-AD), an acquired demyelinating syndrome that includes features of neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The purpose of this study is to review cases of aseptic meningitis and leptomeningeal enhancement associated with MOG-abs.
METHODS
Systematic review using PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar up to December 2020 was performed. Cases of MOG-AD were included if they met the following criteria: 1) Initial clinical presentation of aseptic meningitis; 2) positive leptomeningeal enhancement and 3) MOG-Ab seropositivity. Descriptive statistics were used. This analysis was limited to the cases available in the literature.
RESULTS
11 total cases of aseptic meningitis and leptomeningeal enhancement in setting of MOG-ab were identified. Demyelinating type T2 lesions were also present at time of presentation in 6/11; however, 5/11 of patients had leptomeningeal enhancement alone without demyelinating lesions. All 5 patients required immunotherapy for improvement, including one patient with symptoms for 28 days, with 4/5 receiving steroids and 1/5 receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).
CONCLUSIONS
Aseptic meningitis with leptomeningeal enhancement can be the initial presenting symptom of MOG-AD. MOG-ab testing should be considered in a patient presenting with aseptic meningitis and leptomeningeal enhancement of unknown etiology.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS; Humans; Meningitis, Aseptic; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Neuromyelitis Optica
PubMed: 34229204
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577653 -
Journal of Neuroimmunology Feb 2022The main objective of this article is to improve our understanding of the differences and similarities of these two anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor encephalitis,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The main objective of this article is to improve our understanding of the differences and similarities of these two anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor encephalitis, anti-GABAaR and anti-GABAbR. The data were systematically collected and we found 26 studies: seven studies and 37 patients corresponded to anti-GABAaR encephalitis, and 21 manuscripts and 116 patients were diagnosed with anti-GABAbR encephalitis. Both anti-GABAR encephalitis were marked by prominent seizures. Anti-GABAaR patients were younger and showed multifocal encephalitis. On the other hand, anti-GABAbR patients were older and showed temporal limbic encephalitis. Tumor occurred in a fifth of anti-GABAaR encephalitis and in half of anti-GABAbR encephalitis. The main tumor associated with anti-GABAbR encephalitis is SCLC, whereas the most common tumor associated with anti-GABAaR encephalitis was thymoma. Our data confirms the differences in clinical features between both encephalitis.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Encephalitis; Humans; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, GABA-B; Syndrome
PubMed: 34995918
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577804 -
Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2020Thyroid autoimmunity might be in relation to other autoimmune endocrine disease or non-endocrine disorders and there are innate and adaptive immune cells in breast... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Thyroid autoimmunity might be in relation to other autoimmune endocrine disease or non-endocrine disorders and there are innate and adaptive immune cells in breast cancer. Because autoimmune factors are common characteristics of both thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer, these two types of diseases may occur concurrently in certain patients. The chief goal of this meta-analysis is to perform a combined analysis of the raw data from all included studies, and thereby obtain a reliable conclusion concerning whether TgAb or TPOAb positivity and breast cancer are indeed correlated.
METHODS
To determine whether a correlation exists between TgAb or TPOAb positivity and breast cancer, this study performed a review of the literature that began by searching for articles in Chinese or English from the Medline, Embase, Web of Science core, Wanfang, Weipu and SinoMed databases, published during the time span extending from January 1980 to December 2017. On the basis of these raw data, we calculated odds ratio (OR) values, 95% confidence interval (CI) values, and P values.
RESULTS
A total of 11 studies were included in this study. By combining the raw data from the retrieved studies, we were able to perform a meta-analysis. The results of this meta-analysis support the hypothesis that patients with breast cancer have a higher TgAb or TPOAb positive rate than the non-breast disease control group (TgAb: OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.81-4.05, P < 0.001; TPOAb: OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 2.17-3.77, P < 0.001, respectively). Testing for publication bias indicated that no significant publication bias was present in this meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis indicated that the results of analysis were stable and reliable.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this meta-analysis suggest strongly that, the TgAb or TPOAb positive rate among patients with breast cancer should be higher than among the non-breast disease control group.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Iodide Peroxidase; Iron-Binding Proteins; Prevalence; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune
PubMed: 32279180
DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01078-z -
BMC Neurology Nov 2022Overlap syndromes of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and MOG-mediated demyelination have been reported. In this case we provide a long-term longitudinal follow-up of...
BACKGROUND
Overlap syndromes of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and MOG-mediated demyelination have been reported. In this case we provide a long-term longitudinal follow-up of clinical and imaging characteristics as well as of antibody dynamics.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a 32-year-old male patient who presented with psychosis, decreased consciousness and movement disorders and was tested positive for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. Forty-four months after symptom onset and diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, he suffered from relapse. At this time, the patient developed anti-MOG and anti-Caspr2 antibodies. Treatment with plasmapheresis, steroids and rituximab eventually led to substantial clinical and radiological improvement. Anti-Caspr2 antibodies persisted, anti-NMDA receptor antibodies decreased, while anti-MOG antibodies turned negative again.
CONCLUSION
We provide long-term longitudinal follow-up of a patient with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis who developed triple antibody positivity at the time of relapse. Antibody dynamics were associated with clinical disease course.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; Follow-Up Studies; Autoantibodies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Demyelinating Diseases
PubMed: 36384491
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02974-x -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2024Despite an array of hypothesised implications for health, disease, and therapeutic development, antibodies against the non-human sialic acid -glycolylneuraminic acid... (Review)
Review
A systematic review reveals conflicting evidence for the prevalence of antibodies against the sialic acid 'xenoautoantigen' Neu5Gc in humans and the need for a standardised approach to quantification.
Despite an array of hypothesised implications for health, disease, and therapeutic development, antibodies against the non-human sialic acid -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) remain a subject of much debate. This systematic review of 114 publications aimed to generate a comprehensive overview of published studies in this field, addressing both the reported prevalence of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the human population and whether experimental variation accounts for the conflicting reports about the extent of this response. Absolute titres of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, the reported prevalence of these antibodies, and the individual variation observed within experiments were analysed and grouped according to biological context ('inflammation', 'xenotransplantation', 'biotherapeutic use', 'cancer', and 'healthy populations'), detection method, target epitope selection, and choice of blocking agent. These analyses revealed that the experimental method had a notable impact on both the reported prevalence and absolute titres of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the general population, thereby limiting the ability to ascribe reported trends to genuine biological differences or the consequence of experimental design. Overall, this review highlights important knowledge gaps in the study of antibodies against this important xenoautoantigen and the need to establish a standardised method for their quantification if the extent of the importance of Neu5Gc in human health is to be fully understood.
PubMed: 38737334
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1390711