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Vaccine May 2017Cross-clade immunogenic stockpiled H5N1 vaccines may decrease the morbidity and transmission of infection during the initial phase of influenza pandemic. Meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cross-clade immunogenic stockpiled H5N1 vaccines may decrease the morbidity and transmission of infection during the initial phase of influenza pandemic. Meta-analysis of cross-reactive antibodies induced by oil-in-water emulsion adjuvanted (OWEA) influenza H5N1 virus monovalent vaccines with circulating heterologous H5N1 virus strains, isolated from human infections was performed.
METHODS
Literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry was conducted up through December 1, 2015. Methodologically qualified studies were included for (1) use of two doses of licensed OWEA (AS03 or MF59) egg-derived, inactivated influenza H5N1 virus monovalent vaccine, (2) participant age between 18 and 64years, and (3) evaluation of immunogenicity outcome for one or more subclade. Meta-analysis assessed the cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited by clade 1 adjuvanted vaccine strain against clade 2.1 virus strain (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 vs. A/Indonesia/05/2005); and separately against clade 2.2 virus strain (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 vs. A/turkey/Turkey/1/05); and clade 2.1 adjuvanted vaccine strain against clade 1 virus strain (A/Indonesia/05/2005 vs. A/Vietnam/1194/2004). Quantitative publication bias and influence analysis was conducted to evaluate potential impact of unpublished or new studies on the robustness of meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Of 960 articles, 53 qualified for quality assessment and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All assessed clade pairs elicited cross-reactive antibodies (clade 1 against clade 2.1 and 2.2; clade 2.1 against clade 1, 2.2, and 2.3). Heterologous strains of same sub-clade are likely to elicit higher cross-reactive antibodies.
CONCLUSIONS
OWEA influenza H5N1 virus monovalent vaccines exhibit broad cross-clade immunogenicity, a desired feature for vaccine stockpiling not yet demonstrated by unadjuvanted vaccines. In case of an impending H5N1 virus pandemic, stockpiled OWEA influenza H5N1 virus monovalent vaccines may allow population priming that could slow down the course of pandemic and could offer additional time needed for development of an effective strain specific vaccine supply.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Cross Reactions; Emulsions; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Oils; Pandemics; Water; Young Adult
PubMed: 28483200
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.029 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023Avian influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, considered highly pathogenic (HPAI). They result from genetic variations from their low virulence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Avian influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, considered highly pathogenic (HPAI). They result from genetic variations from their low virulence predecessors. HPAI is a global problem. Large outbreaks of HAPI have significant health and economic impacts.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the H5N8 Influenza virus in birds, as well as to assess its variability according to the countries and years.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was carried out in six databases (Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and Google Scholar) to evaluate the proportion of birds infected with the H5N8 Influenza virus, by molecular and immunological techniques. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A 2-tailed 5% alpha level was used for hypothesis testing. Measures of heterogeneity were estimated and reported, including the Cochrane Q statistic, the I index, and the tau-squared test. In addition, bird species performed subgroup analyzes.
RESULTS
152 data groups were analyzed, a combined prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI 1.3-1.9%) was found for molecular studies, and the ELISA study yielded a seroprevalence of 66.7%; those results of molecular detection varied by year, from 0.2% in 2014 to 52.6% in 2020 and 96.9% in 2015.
CONCLUSION
The combined prevalence was substantial because large outbreaks have caused severe economic repercussions. In addition, it is considered a serious concern for public health due to its possible zoonotic activity.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Animals, Wild; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Influenza, Human; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36336273
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102490 -
Avicenna Journal of Medical... 2022Menstrual-derived Stem Cells (MenSC) are a potential novel source of mesenchymal stem cells. There is an increased interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of... (Review)
Review
Menstrual-derived Stem Cells (MenSC) are a potential novel source of mesenchymal stem cells. There is an increased interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of MenSC due to the various advantages they exhibit, when compared to other types of stem cells. MenSC are obtained non-invasively from menstrual blood. Thus, collection of MenSC is simple, reproducible and can be carried out periodically, with minimal complications. MenSC are present in abundance, are highly proliferative, exhibit a low immunogenicity and lack ethical issues. MenSC have shown the ability to differentiate into several lineages. The therapeutic potential of MenSC in non-gynaecological applications has been investigated in wound healing, neurological, musculo-skeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and liver disorders, as well as in diabetes and cancer. Human clinical trials are limited. To date, therapeutic efficacy and safety have been reported in patients with Avian influenza A subtype H7N9, COVID-19, congestive heart failure, multiple sclerosis and Duchene muscular dystrophy. However, further clinical trials in humans should be conducted, to study the long-term therapeutic effects of these stem cells in various diseases and to further explore their mechanism of action. This systematic review focuses on the application of MenSC in non-gynaecological diseases.
PubMed: 35509365
DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v14i1.8166 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022Avian mutations in vaccine strains obtained from embryonated eggs could impair vaccine effectiveness. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the adjusted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Relative Effectiveness of Cell-Cultured versus Egg-Based Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Related Outcomes in Subjects 18 Years Old or Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Avian mutations in vaccine strains obtained from embryonated eggs could impair vaccine effectiveness. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the adjusted relative vaccine effectiveness (arVE) of seed cell-cultured influenza vaccines (ccIV) compared to egg-based influenza vaccines (eIV) in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza related outcomes (IRO) or IRO by clinical codes, in subjects 18 and over. We completed the literature search in January 2021; applied exclusion criteria, evaluated risk of bias of the evidence, and performed heterogeneity, publication bias, qualitative, quantitative and sensitivity analyses. All estimates were computed using a random approach. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42021228290. We identified 12 publications that reported 26 adjusted arVE results. Five publications reported 13 laboratory confirmed arVE and seven reported 13 code-ascertained arVE. Nine publications with 22 results were at low risk of bias. Heterogeneity was explained by season. We found a significant 11% (8 to 14%) adjusted arVE favoring ccIV in preventing any IRO in the 2017-2018 influenza season. The arVE was 3% (-2% to 7%) in the 2018-2019 influenza season. We found moderate evidence of a significant advantage of the ccIV in preventing IRO, compared to eIV, in a well-matched A(H3N2) predominant season.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Seasons; Vaccination
PubMed: 35055642
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020818 -
BMC Medicine Dec 2020Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus poses a global public health threat given severe and fatal zoonotic infections since 1997 and ongoing A(H5N1) virus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus poses a global public health threat given severe and fatal zoonotic infections since 1997 and ongoing A(H5N1) virus circulation among poultry in several countries. A comprehensive assessment of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus antibodies remains a gap and limits understanding of the true risk of A(H5N1) virus infection.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published serosurveys to assess the risk of subclinical and clinically mild A(H5N1) virus infections. We assessed A(H5N1) virus antibody titers and changes in titers among populations with variable exposures to different A(H5N1) viruses.
RESULTS
Across studies using the World Health Organization-recommended seropositive definition, the point estimates of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus-specific antibodies were higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-0.6%) and persons exposed to both human A(H5N1) cases and infected birds (range 0.4-1.8%) than in close contacts of A(H5N1) cases or the general population (none to very low frequencies). Seroprevalence was higher in persons exposed to A(H5N1) clade 0 virus (1.9%, range 0.7-3.2%) than in participants exposed to other clades of A(H5N1) virus (range 0-0.5%) (p < 0.05). Seroprevalence was higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-1.9%) if such studies utilized antigenically similar A(H5N1) virus antigens in assays to A(H5N1) viruses circulating among poultry.
CONCLUSIONS
These low seroprevalences suggest that subclinical and clinically mild human A(H5N1) virus infections are uncommon. Standardized serological survey and laboratory methods are needed to fully understand the extent and risk of human A(H5N1) virus infections.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33261599
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01836-y -
Microbial Pathogenesis Oct 2019Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds pose a pandemic threat to humans and to the poultry industry. To assess AIV and AIV antibody prevalence in wild birds in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds pose a pandemic threat to humans and to the poultry industry. To assess AIV and AIV antibody prevalence in wild birds in China, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial, VIP, CNKI, and WANFANG for published papers related to the prevalence of AIVs and their associated antibodies in wild birds in China from Mar. 10, 2005 to Sept. 20, 2018. Repeat studies, reviews, and other host studies were excluded, as well as those with inconsistent data, incomplete information, or only prevalence data or data from outside of mainland China. In total, data from 28 publications were compiled and analyzed. Based on out meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of AIVs in wild birds in China was found to be 2.5% (571/23,024), and the pooled prevalence of AIV antibodies was 26.5% (1,210/4,566). The pooled prevalence of AIVs was significantly higher in wild birds from Central China (5.5%, 271/4, 955) compared to all other regions and the pooled prevalence of AIV antibodies was significantly in wild birds from South China (56.8%, 92/162) in comparison to all other regions. The prevalence of both AIVs and AIV antibodies in Anseriformes were higher compared to non-Anseriformes. In addition, the largest number of studies found in this review were on the HA subtypes of AIVs (H5, H7, and H9) and their associated antibodies. In summary, our findings suggest that the prevalence of AIVs and their antibodies in wild birds vary among regions and species of wild bird. Thus, further monitoring of the prevalence of AIVs and their antibodies in wild birds in China is necessary and should be used for guiding powerful and effective regulatory measures that will prevent the spread of AIVs across species.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Antibodies; Birds; China; Databases, Factual; Influenza A virus; Influenza in Birds; Pandemics; Prevalence
PubMed: 31254602
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103613 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Jul 2016Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses have caused many, typically severe, human infections since the first human case was reported in 1997. However, no comprehensive... (Review)
Review
Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses have caused many, typically severe, human infections since the first human case was reported in 1997. However, no comprehensive epidemiological analysis of global human cases of H5N1 from 1997 to 2015 exists. Moreover, few studies have examined in detail the changing epidemiology of human H5N1 cases in Egypt, especially given the outbreaks since November, 2014, which have the highest number of cases ever reported worldwide in a similar period. Data on individual patients were collated from different sources using a systematic approach to describe the global epidemiology of 907 human H5N1 cases between May, 1997, and April, 2015. The number of affected countries rose between 2003 and 2008, with expansion from east and southeast Asia, then to west Asia and Africa. Most cases (67·2%) occurred from December to March, and the overall case-fatality risk was 483 (53·5%) of 903 cases which varied across geographical regions. Although the incidence in Egypt has increased dramatically since November, 2014, compared with the cases beforehand, there were no significant differences in the fatality risk, history of exposure to poultry, history of patient contact, and time from onset to hospital admission in the recent cases.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Poultry
PubMed: 27211899
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00153-5 -
IJID Regions Jun 2023Population factors such as urbanization, socio-economic, and environmental factors are driving forces for emerging/re-emerging zoonotic diseases in Cameroon. To inform... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Population factors such as urbanization, socio-economic, and environmental factors are driving forces for emerging/re-emerging zoonotic diseases in Cameroon. To inform preparedness and prioritization efforts, this study mapped out epidemiological data (including prevalence) of zoonotic diseases occurring in Cameroon between 2000 and 2022 by demographic factors.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022333059). Independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus databases on May 30, 2022 for relevant articles; duplicates were removed, and the titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened to identify eligible articles.
RESULTS
Out of 4142 articles identified, 64 eligible articles were retrieved in the database search and an additional 12 from the cited literature ( = 76). Thirty-five unique zoonoses (viral, bacterial, and parasitic) were indexed, including Cameroon priority zoonoses: anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, Ebola and Marburg virus disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, and rabies. The number of studies varied by region, ranging from 12 in the Far North to 32 in the Centre Region. The most reported were as follows: brucellosis (random-effects pooled estimate proportion (effect size), ES 0.05%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.07; = 6), dengue (ES 0.13%, 95% CI 0.06-0.22; = 12), avian and swine influenza virus (ES 0.10%, 95% CI 0.04-0.20; = 8), and toxoplasmosis (ES 0.49%, 95% CI 0.35-0.63; = 11), although values were greater than 75%, thus there was high inter-study heterogeneity ( < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
This understanding of the distribution of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic threats in Cameroon is vital to effective preventive and resource prioritization measures.
PubMed: 37009575
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.001 -
Biological Trace Element Research Jun 2022Several studies have been conducted to assess the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions, but the shape and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Chromium Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Constituents, and Immune Competence of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.
Several studies have been conducted to assess the effects of supplemental dietary chromium (Cr) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions, but the shape and strength of the associations between Cr supplementation and broiler chickens' responses to HS remain unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness and dose-response relationship of Cr. The results indicated non-linear dose-response associations between Cr supplementation and body mass gain (BMG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat relative weight (P < 0.05). The maximum BMG, FI, and the relative weight of carcass, breast, and leg would be achieved with 1200, 1100, 900, 800, and 800 ppb of Cr, respectively, while the lowest FCR and abdominal fat relative weight might be obtained with the supplementation of 1100 and 1000 ppb of Cr, compared with no Cr supplementation. Referring to BMG, supplementation with 1200-1700 ppb inorganic Cr or 2700 ppb or less organic Cr had a significant beneficial effect on the BMG, while NanoCr supplementation did not influence this outcome variable. A non-linear association was observed for blood total cholesterol concentration (TC, P < 0.05), with the maximum reduction of TC concentration observed at approximately 900 ppb of Cr. The cholesterol-lowering effect of Cr (≤ 2400 ppb) was only found in severe HS conditions. Moreover, supplemental Cr caused a significant linear reduction in the blood triglycerides and glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). The blood concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin increased linearly, and the corticosterone concentration reduced, with increasing supplemental Cr (P < 0.05). There was a non-linear inverse association between Cr supplementation and cortisol level (P < 0.05), and the lowest concentration of cortisol was observed with the supplementation of 1000 ppb of Cr. Meanwhile, significant positive linear associations between Cr supplementation and bursa percentage, thymus percentage, infectious bronchitis vaccine titer, avian influenza vaccine titer, Newcastle disease vaccine titer, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response, and serum immunoglobulin G level were found (P < 0.05). However, Cr supplementation caused a linear reduction in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the recommended optimum amount of supplemental Cr is 1100 ppb.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Cholesterol; Chromium; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Hot Temperature; Hydrocortisone
PubMed: 34417722
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02885-x -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2018In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of market-level risk factors on avian influenza (AI) infection in poultry and humans and generate evidence that will... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of market-level risk factors on avian influenza (AI) infection in poultry and humans and generate evidence that will inform AI prevention and control programs at live bird markets (LBMs).
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature review in both English and Chinese search engines. We estimated the pooled odds ratios of biosecurity indicators relating to AI infections at market level using a quality effects (QE) meta-analysis model.
RESULTS
Biosecurity measures effective at reducing AI market contamination and poultry infection at LBMs include smaller market size, selling single poultry species and separating different species, performing cleaning and disinfection and market closures, ban on overnight storage, and sourcing poultry from local areas. Our meta-analysis indicates that higher risk of exposure to AI infection occurs in workers at retail LBMs, female workers, and those who contact ducks, conduct cleaning, slaughtering, defeathering, or evisceration.
CONCLUSIONS
The most effective strategies to reduce AI market contamination identified in this study should target larger LBMs that are located at noncentral city areas and sell and slaughter multispecies of live poultry. Live bird market workers directly involved in cleaning and poultry processing tasks should participate in occupational health and safety programs.
Topics: Animals; Commerce; Food Safety; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Poultry
PubMed: 29986030
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy400