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American Journal of Speech-language... Aug 2020Purpose To assess data collection variability in the voice range profile (VRP) across clinicians and researchers, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the...
Purpose To assess data collection variability in the voice range profile (VRP) across clinicians and researchers, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the extent of variability of specific data collection points that affect the determination of frequency range and sound level and determine next steps in standardization of a VRP protocol. Method A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis checklist. Full-text journal articles were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, Psych Info, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, and hand searching of journals. Results A total of 1,134 articles were retrieved from the search; of these, 463 were duplicates. Titles and abstracts of 671 articles were screened, with 202 selected for full-text review. Fifty-four articles were considered eligible for inclusion. The information extracted from these articles revealed the methodology used to derive the VRP was extremely variable across the data points selected. Additionally, there were eight common acoustic measures used for statistical analysis described in included studies that were added as a data point. Conclusions The data collection methods for the VRP varied considerably. Standardization of procedures was recommended for clinicians and researchers.
Topics: Checklist; Humans; Research Design; Voice
PubMed: 32579858
DOI: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00023 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2015Many hospitalised patients are affected by medication errors (MEs) that may cause discomfort, harm and even death. Children are at especially high risk of harm as the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Many hospitalised patients are affected by medication errors (MEs) that may cause discomfort, harm and even death. Children are at especially high risk of harm as the result of MEs because such errors are potentially more hazardous to them than to adults. Until now, interventions to reduce MEs have led to only limited improvements.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing MEs and related harm in hospitalised children.
SEARCH METHODS
The Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC) Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the following sources for primary studies: The Cochrane Library, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Economic Evaluation Database (EED) and the Health Technology Assessments (HTA) database; MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Proquest Dissertations & Theses, Web of Science (citation indexes and conference proceedings) and the EPOC Register of Studies. Related reviews were identified by searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). Review authors searched grey literature sources and trial registries. They handsearched selected journals, contacted researchers in the field and scanned reference lists of relevant reviews. They conducted searches in November 2013 and November 2014. They applied neither language nor date limits.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series investigating interventions to improve medication safety in hospitalised children (≤ 18 years). Participants were healthcare professionals authorised to prescribe, dispense or administer medications. Outcome measures included MEs, (potential) patient harm, resource utilisation and unintended consequences of the interventions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed study quality using the EPOC data collection checklist. We evaluated the risk of bias of included studies and used the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to assess the quality of the body of evidence. We described results narratively and presented them using GRADE tables.
MAIN RESULTS
We included seven studies describing five different interventions: participation of a clinical pharmacist in a clinical team (n = 2), introduction of a computerised physician order entry system (n = 2), implementation of a barcode medication administration system (n = 1), use of a structured prescribing form (n = 1) and implementation of a check and control checklist in combination with feedback (n = 1).Clinical and methodological heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analyses. Although some interventions described in this review show a decrease in MEs, the results are not consistent, and none of the studies resulted in a significant reduction in patient harm. Based on the GRADE approach, the overall quality and strengfh of the evidence are low.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence on effective interventions to prevent MEs in a paediatric population in hospital is limited. Comparative studies with robust study designs are needed to investigate interventions including components that focus on specific paediatric safety issues.
Topics: Adolescent; Checklist; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Drug Prescriptions; Electronic Data Processing; Humans; Medical Order Entry Systems; Medication Errors; Pharmacists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25756542
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006208.pub3 -
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Oct 2022This study aimed to clarify the mixed conclusions regarding work engagement and job satisfaction in the nursing research literature by conducting a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This study aimed to clarify the mixed conclusions regarding work engagement and job satisfaction in the nursing research literature by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This meta-analytic review synthesized 15 independent studies published between 2007 and 2021.
FINDINGS
An overall effect size of random-effect model was calculated as r = 0.47 (k = 15, N = 3,818, 95% confidence interval [0.43;0.51]). Data collection method and presence of control variable, as significant moderators, accounted for 43.6% and 43.8%, respectively, of the effect size heterogeneity.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
While the positive relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction was higher in studies using the face-to-face data collection method, it was lower in studies using the control variable in their research models.
Topics: Humans; Job Satisfaction; Work Engagement; Nursing Research; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35383388
DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13068 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Oct 2023Multiple cancer registries in Australia are used to track the incidence of cancer and the outcomes of their treatment. These registries can be broadly classed into a few... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple cancer registries in Australia are used to track the incidence of cancer and the outcomes of their treatment. These registries can be broadly classed into a few types with an increasing number of registries comes a greater potential for collaboration and linkage. This article aims to critically review cancer registry types in Australia and evaluate the Australian Cancer registry landscape to identify these areas.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed through MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, updated to September 2022 using a predefined search strategy. Inclusion criteria were those that only analysed Australian and/or New Zealand based cancer registries, appraised the utility of cancer outcomes and/or incidence registries, and explored the utility of linked databases using cancer outcomes and/or incidence registries. The grey literature was searched for all operating cancer registries in Australia. Details of registry infrastructure was extracted for analysis and comparison.
RESULTS
Three thousand two hundred and sixteen articles identified from the three databases. Twelve met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight registries were identified using the grey literature. Strengths and weaknesses of Cancer Outcome Registries(COR) and Cancer Incidence Registries(CIR) were compared. Data linkage between registries or with other healthcare databases show great benefits in improving evidence for cancer research but are challenging to implement. Both registry types utilize differing modes of administration, influencing their accuracy and completeness.
CONCLUSION
Outcome registries provide detailed data but their weakness lies in incomplete data coverage. Incidence registries record a large dataset which contain inaccuracies. Improving coverage of quality outcome registries, and quality assurance of data in incidence registries is required to ensure collection of accurate, meaningful data. Areas for collaboration identified included establishment of defined definitions and outcomes, data linkage between registry types or with healthcare databases, and collaboration in logistical planning to improve clinical utility of cancer registries.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Australia; Neoplasms; Registries; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37668278
DOI: 10.1111/ans.18678 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2014Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have been shown to increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have been shown to increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk but the data on psoriasis is unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that reported odds ratio, relative risk, hazard ratio or standardized incidence ratio comparing VTE risk in patients with psoriasis vs. non-psoriasis participants. Pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effect, generic inverse variance method.
RESULT
Four studies were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled risk ratio of VTE in patients with psoriasis was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.29-1.66). The statistical heterogeneity of this meta-analysis was high with an I(2) of 86%.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated a statistically significant increased VTE risk among patients with psoriasis.
Topics: Data Collection; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 24713224
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu073 -
Health-Related Data Sources Accessible to Health Researchers From the US Government: Mapping Review.Journal of Medical Internet Research Apr 2023Big data from large, government-sponsored surveys and data sets offers researchers opportunities to conduct population-based studies of important health issues in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Big data from large, government-sponsored surveys and data sets offers researchers opportunities to conduct population-based studies of important health issues in the United States, as well as develop preliminary data to support proposed future work. Yet, navigating these national data sources is challenging. Despite the widespread availability of national data, there is little guidance for researchers on how to access and evaluate the use of these resources.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to identify and summarize a comprehensive list of federally sponsored, health- and health care-related data sources that are accessible in the public domain in order to facilitate their use by researchers.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic mapping review of government sources of health-related data on US populations and with active or recent (previous 10 years) data collection. The key measures were government sponsor, overview and purpose of data, population of interest, sampling design, sample size, data collection methodology, type and description of data, and cost to obtain data. Convergent synthesis was used to aggregate findings.
RESULTS
Among 106 unique data sources, 57 met the inclusion criteria. Data sources were classified as survey or assessment data (n=30, 53%), trends data (n=27, 47%), summative processed data (n=27, 47%), primary registry data (n=17, 30%), and evaluative data (n=11, 19%). Most (n=39, 68%) served more than 1 purpose. The population of interest included individuals/patients (n=40, 70%), providers (n=15, 26%), and health care sites and systems (n=14, 25%). The sources collected data on demographic (n=44, 77%) and clinical information (n=35, 61%), health behaviors (n=24, 42%), provider or practice characteristics (n=22, 39%), health care costs (n=17, 30%), and laboratory tests (n=8, 14%). Most (n=43, 75%) offered free data sets.
CONCLUSIONS
A broad scope of national health data is accessible to researchers. These data provide insights into important health issues and the nation's health care system while eliminating the burden of primary data collection. Data standardization and uniformity were uncommon across government entities, highlighting a need to improve data consistency. Secondary analyses of national data are a feasible, cost-efficient means to address national health concerns.
Topics: Humans; United States; Information Sources; Delivery of Health Care; Health Care Costs; Government; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37103987
DOI: 10.2196/43802 -
Maturitas Jun 2019Wearable trackers as research or clinical tools are increasingly used to support the care of older adults, due to their practicality in self-monitoring and potential to...
BACKGROUND
Wearable trackers as research or clinical tools are increasingly used to support the care of older adults, due to their practicality in self-monitoring and potential to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, there is limited understanding of appropriate data collection and analysis methods in different contexts.
AIM
To summarise evidence on wearable data generation and management in older adults, focusing on physical activity (PA), electrocardiogram (ECG), and vital signs monitoring. In addition to examine the accuracy and utility of wearable trackers in the care of older people.
METHODS
A systematic search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and a manual search were conducted. Twenty studies on the use of wearable trackers by older adults met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Methodological designs for data collection and analysis were heterogeneous, with diverse definitions of wear and no-wear time, the number and type of valid days, and proprietary algorithms. Wearable trackers had adequate accuracy for measuring step counts, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ECG and heart rate (HR), but not for respiratory rate. Participants reported ease of use and had high-level adherence over daily long-term use. Moreover, wearable trackers encouraged users to increase their daily level of physical activity and decrease waist circumference, facilitating atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnoses and predicting length of stay.
CONCLUSION
Wearable trackers are multi-dimensional technologies offering a viable and promising approach for sustained and scaled monitoring of older people's health. Frameworks and/or guidelines, including standards for the design, data management and application of use specifically for older adults, are required to enhance validity and reliability.
Topics: Aged; Data Analysis; Data Collection; Electrocardiography; Exercise; Fitness Trackers; Heart Rate; Humans; Motivation; Patient Compliance
PubMed: 30910279
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.012 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Oct 2018Cesarean delivery rates in Brazil are among the highest in the world. User preference is often mentioned as an important factor driving this. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cesarean delivery rates in Brazil are among the highest in the world. User preference is often mentioned as an important factor driving this.
OBJECTIVES
To identify, appraise, and synthesize the results of studies into delivery preferences in Brazil.
SEARCH STRATEGY
MEDLINE, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases were searched, without language restrictions, using "delivery" and "preference" from inception to November 4, 2017.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Cross-sectional or cohort studies with quantitative data on delivery preferences of lay persons in Brazil.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. A meta-analysis of proportions with a preference for cesarean delivery was performed, including subgroups analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
There were 28 studies with 31 071 participants included. The overall prevalence of preference for cesarean delivery was 27.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.7%-27.7%; 28 studies, n=31 071). Cesarean delivery preference was higher among multiparas with previous cesarean deliveries (58.0%, 95% CI 56.6%-59.3%; nine studies, n=5542) than among multiparas without prior cesarean deliveries (17.3%, 95% CI 16.4%-18.2%; eight studies, n=7903), and among women with private health insurance (44.3%, 95% CI 43.0%-45.6%; nine studies, n=6048) than among those who depended on the public healthcare system (22.7%, 95% CI 22.2%-23.3%; 20 studies, n=24 314).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, most lay persons in Brazil did not prefer to deliver by cesarean.
Topics: Brazil; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Patient Preference; Pregnancy; Prevalence
PubMed: 29920679
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12570 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Aug 2016Obstructed labour is a major cause of maternal mortality. Caesarean section can be associated with risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Obstructed labour is a major cause of maternal mortality. Caesarean section can be associated with risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it is not always readily available. Symphysiotomy can be an alternative treatment for obstructed labour and requires fewer resources. However, there is uncertainty about the safety and effectiveness of this procedure.
OBJECTIVES
To compare symphysiotomy and caesarean section for obstructed labour.
SEARCH STRATEGY
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, Reproductive Health Library and Science Citation Index (from inception to November 2015) without language restriction.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies comparing symphysiotomy and caesarean section in all settings, with maternal and perinatal mortality as key outcomes.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Quality of the included studies was assessed using the STROBE checklist and the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Relative risks (RR) were pooled using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I(2) tests.
MAIN RESULTS
Seven studies (n = 1266 women), all of which were set in low- and middle-income countries (as per the World Bank definition) and compared symphysiotomy and caesarean section were identified. Meta-analyses showed no significant difference in maternal (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.13-1.76; P = 0.27) or perinatal (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.64-1.96; P = 0.69) mortality with symphysiotomy when compared with caesarean section. There was a reduction in infection (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.62) but an increase in fistulae (RR 4.19, 95% CI 1.07-16.39) and stress incontinence with symphysiotomy (RR 10.04, 95% CI 3.23-31.21).
CONCLUSION
There was no difference in key outcomes of maternal and perinatal mortality with symphysiotomy when compared with caesarean section.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Symphysiotomy could be an alternative to caesarean section when resources are limited.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Maternal Mortality; Obstetric Labor Complications; Perinatal Mortality; Postoperative Complications; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Symphysiotomy; Vesicovaginal Fistula
PubMed: 27126671
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14040 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Sep 2021To carry out a systematic review to update the scientific evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injuries in the swimming discipline, as well as the location, type,...
OBJECTIVE
To carry out a systematic review to update the scientific evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injuries in the swimming discipline, as well as the location, type, and mechanism of the injuries, and to assess whether studies are meeting methodological recommendations for data collection and injury surveillance. TYPE: Analytical-Systematic review.
LITERATURE SURVEY
The databases of PubMed and Sportdiscus were used to search for studies that describe the epidemiology of injuries in adult swimmers between 2010 and March 2020.
METHODOLOGY
Of the 864 articles identified, 14 studies were finally included in this review. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
SYNTHESIS
The results showed a high prevalence of shoulder, knee, and lower back injuries among swimmers due to overuse. These injuries were mainly short-term tendon muscles; there were reported data differences between genders.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the publication of an injury surveillance single and multisport events document and a consensus on data collection and injury surveillance in swimming, there are huge methodological limitations that do not allow firm conclusions. As such, more epidemiological studies following guidelines for data collection and injury surveillance are needed to establish differences by gender, age group, and swimming stroke.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Swimming
PubMed: 33010194
DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12503