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Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology Jan 2023Dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia are among the risk factors for chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Red Yeast Rice (RYR) herbal supplement may be helpful in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia are among the risk factors for chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Red Yeast Rice (RYR) herbal supplement may be helpful in improving serum fat levels due to some mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RYR consumption on total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Four comprehensive databases (SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were employed until 23 December 2021 RCTs, with 24 treatment arms included after screening 3623 articles.
RESULTS
Pooled data showed significant effectiveness in lowering TC (WMD: -33.16 mg/dl, 95% CI: -37.69, -28.63, P < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: -28.94 mg/dl, 95% CI: -32.90, -24.99, P < 0.001), and TG (WMD: -23.36 mg/dl, 95% CI: -31.30, -15.43, P < 0.001) concentration and increasing HDL-C concentration (WMD: 2.49 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.49, P < 0.001) following RYR supplementation. Furthermore, the effect of this herbal drug in doses less than 1200 mg and with an intervention duration of less than 12 weeks was more in individuals with dyslipidemia.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this comprehensive article and meta-analysis showed that RYR significantly decreases TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as increases HDL-C.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lipids; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Cholesterol, HDL; Dyslipidemias; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36259545
DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2138342 -
International Breastfeeding Journal Jun 2023Global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breastmilk are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the calcium, zinc, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breastmilk are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the calcium, zinc, and vitamin D content in breast milk.
METHODS
A systematic search of the online databases Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL was conducted in November 2022 and complemented by searches of the African Journals Online database and the LILACS database, and reference lists. Studies reporting the calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk of apparently healthy mothers and infants were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. The effect of influencing factors were investigated with sub-group analyses and meta-regressions.
RESULTS
A total of 154 studies reporting on breast milk calcium were identified, with a mean calcium concentration in breast milk of 261 mg/L (95% CI: 238, 284). Calcium concentration was influenced by maternal health and decreased linearly over the duration of lactation. Calcium concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: calcium concentration [mg/L] = 282 - 0.2331 ✕ number of days since birth. A total of 242 studies reporting on breast milk zinc were identified, with a mean zinc concentration of 2.57 mg/L (95% CI: 2.50, 2.65). Zinc concentration was influenced by several factors, such as maternal age, gestational age, and maternal diet. Zinc concentration started high in the first weeks post-partum followed by a rapid decrease over the first months. Zinc concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: zinc concentration [mg/L] = 6 + 0.0005 ✕ days - 2.0266 ✕ log(days). A total of 43 studies reporting on breast milk vitamin D were identified, with a mean total antirachitic activity of breast milk of 58 IU/L (95% CI: 45, 70), which consisted mostly of 25OHD3, and smaller amounts of vitamin D3, 25OHD2 and vitamin D2. Vitamin D concentration showed wide variations between studies and was influenced by vitamin D supplementation, continent and season.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk, as well as indications on changes over time and depending on influencing factors.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Calcium; Breast Feeding; Zinc; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37264448
DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00564-2 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022The objective of this work is to study galvanic corrosion of different couples of prosthetic and implant alloys through the realization of a systematic review. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The objective of this work is to study galvanic corrosion of different couples of prosthetic and implant alloys through the realization of a systematic review.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search was performed on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, and Web of Science for published studies related to electrogalvanism in oral implantology. The keywords used were "dental implants" and "galvanic corrosion." Two independent readers read the scientific articles.
RESULTS
From 65 articles initially identified, only 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. The evaluation of the selected articles allowed us to determine the parameters compared, such as the resistance to galvanic corrosion, the influence of fluorine and pH on the electrochemical behavior, and the release of metal ions and their cytotoxicity. Indeed, Ti6Al4V and precious alloys coupled to titanium were found to be the most resistant to galvanic corrosion, followed by cobalt-chromium alloys and nickel-chromium alloys which were least resistant. This resistance decreases with increasing fluorine concentration and with decreasing pH of the environment. . The implant-prosthetic system's galvanic resistance is influenced by many intrinsic factors: alloy composition and surface condition, as well as extrinsic factors such as pH variations and amount of fluorine. The effects of oral electrogalvanism are essentially the result of two main criteria: effects due to electric currents generated by corrosion and effects due to the release of metal ions by corrosion.
CONCLUSION
To avoid this phenomenon, it is wise to follow the proposed recommendations such as the use of the minimum of distinct metals as much as possible, favoring the commercially pure titanium implant of Ti6Al4V, opting for the choice of couples, titanium/titanium, favoring daily mouthwashes of 227 ppm of fluoride, and avoiding fluorinated acid solutions.
PubMed: 36034476
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4575416 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Jun 2022Coenzyme Q (CoQ) has an important role as an antioxidant. Being that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD)... (Review)
Review
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) has an important role as an antioxidant. Being that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, several studies addressed the concentrations of CoQ in the different tissues of patients with PD and other parkinsonian syndromes (PS), trying to elucidate their value as a marker of these diseases. Other studies addressed the potential therapeutic role of CoQ in PD and PS. We underwent a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies measuring tissue CoQ concentrations which shows that, compared with controls, PD patients have decreased CoQ levels in the cerebellar cortex, platelets, and lymphocytes, increased total and oxidized CoQ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and a non-significant trend toward decreased serum/plasma CoQ levels. Patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) showed decreased CoQ levels in the cerebellar cortex, serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and skin fibroblasts. Patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) showed decreased cerebellar cortex CoQ, and those with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) had decreased CoQ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. A previous meta-analysis of studies addressing the therapeutic effects of CoQ in PD showed a lack of improvement in patients with early PD. Results of the treatment with CoQ in PSP should be considered preliminary. The potential role of CoQ therapy in the MSA and selected groups of PD patients deserves future studies.
PubMed: 35743757
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060975 -
Biomedicines Dec 2022Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is one of the complications associated with chronic kidney disease. About 10-50% of patients following kidney... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder is one of the complications associated with chronic kidney disease. About 10-50% of patients following kidney transplantation have persistent hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism has a negative impact on the kidney transplant outcome; therefore, it requires treatment. The data regarding the treatment of persistent hyperparathyroidism provided in scientific publications are divergent and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of our systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of persistent hyperparathyroidism treatment in patients following kidney transplantation. The Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus databases were browsed independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. The effectiveness of calcitriol, paricalcitol, cinacalcet, and parathyroidectomy was compared and analysed. The mean calcium and parathormone (PTH) concentrations per patient in the group of paricalcitol increased by 1.27% and decreased by 35.14% (n = 248); in the group of cinacalcet decreased by 12.09% and 32.16% (n = 368); and in the group of parathyroidectomy decreased by 19.06% and 86.49% (n = 15) at the end of the study compared to the baseline (n = 244, n = 342 and n = 15), respectively. Paricalcitol, cinacalcet, and parathyroidectomy decreased the intact PTH level. Cinacalcet and parathyroidectomy lowered calcium levels in renal transplant patients with hypercalcaemia. Conversely, paricalcitol increased the serum calcium concentration. Cinacalcet seems to be a good candidate in the treatment of post-transplant hyperparathyroidism.
PubMed: 36672533
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010025 -
Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign... Mar 2023Cefixime is an antibiotic from the cephalosporin class used to treat various bacterial infections. The purpose of performing this review is to thoroughly evaluate the... (Review)
Review
Cefixime is an antibiotic from the cephalosporin class used to treat various bacterial infections. The purpose of performing this review is to thoroughly evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefiximeFive databases were systematically searched to identify studies on the PK of cefixime.A total of 38 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included that provide data on concentration-time profiles or PK parameters such as peak plasma and serum concentration (), area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL), and time to reach (). A dose-dependent increase in AUC and of cefixime was depicted in healthy volunteers. The clearance of cefixime decreased according to the degree of renal insufficiency among haemodialysis patients. A significant difference in CL was found in comparing fasted and fed states. A biphasic decline in serum concentrations of cefixime was reported when it was taken without probenecid.This review compiles all the reports on the PK of cefixime in healthy and really impaired patients; the summarised information can be used to optimise cefixime dosing in different disease states. Moreover, cefixime has increased time above MIC value suggesting that it may be an effective treatment for infections caused by certain pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Biological Availability
PubMed: 37216497
DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2217265 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2019Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a possible infectious component. Anemia of inflammation (AI) occurring in various chronic diseases alters the...
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a possible infectious component. Anemia of inflammation (AI) occurring in various chronic diseases alters the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and iron status. Currently, the association between periodontitis and AI is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the alterations of the level of hematological parameters and iron metabolism markers in patients with or without periodontitis. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane) were searched to identify publications about anemia and periodontitis. Subgroup analyses regarding gender, extent of periodontitis, and sample size were performed using STATA 12.1. Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed a decrease in Hb [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.76, 95% CI = (-1.15, -0.37)], red blood cell [SMD = -0.69, 95% CI = (-1.09, -0.29)], hematocrit [SMD = -1.13, 95% CI = (-1.69, -0.57)], mean corpuscular volume [SMD = -0.16, 95% CI = (-0.32, -0.01)], and mean corpuscular Hb [SMD = -0.16, 95% CI = (-0.28, -0.04)], but upregulation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate [SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = (0.06, 1.19)]. In addition, patients with periodontitis had a higher level of hepcidin [SMD = 0.59, CI = (0.05, 1.12)] and decreased level of transferrin [SMD = -4.6, CI = (-13.1, -3.90)], with high heterogeneity. This meta-analysis indicates that periodontitis decreases Hb concentration and disturbs the balance of iron metabolism, which confirms strength of association between periodontitis and the development tendency of AI, especially for severe periodontitis. More unbiased cohort studies with larger sample sizes are still warranted to make a definitive judgment in the future.
PubMed: 32082180
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01620 -
Nutrients Dec 2016The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether metformin could change the concentration of serum homocysteine (Hcy) with and without simultaneous supplementation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether metformin could change the concentration of serum homocysteine (Hcy) with and without simultaneous supplementation of B-group vitamins or folic acid. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the concentration of serum Hcy in metformin-treated adults. Meta-analysis was applied to assess the association between metformin and the changes of Hcy concentration. Twelve publications were included in this study. In the overall analysis, metformin administration was not statistically associated with the change of Hcy when compared with the control treatment (mean difference (MD), 0.40 μmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.07~0.87 μmol/L, = 0.10). In the subgroup analysis, metformin was significantly associated with an increased concentration of Hcy in the absence of exogenous supplementation of folic acid or B-group vitamins (MD, 2.02 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.37~2.67 μmol/L, < 0.00001), but with a decreased concentration of serum Hcy in the presence of these exogenous supplementations (MD, -0.74 μmol/L; 95% CI, -1.19~-0.30 μmol/L, = 0.001). Therefore, although the overall effect of metformin on the concentration of serum Hcy was neutral, our results suggested that metformin could increase the concentration of Hcy when exogenous B-group vitamins or folic acid supplementation was not given.
Topics: Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 27941660
DOI: 10.3390/nu8120798 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Mar 2018Overproduction of apelin in obesity could be one of the last protective defenses before type 2 diabetes develops. To summarize the existing evidence on the association... (Review)
Review
Overproduction of apelin in obesity could be one of the last protective defenses before type 2 diabetes develops. To summarize the existing evidence on the association between dietary intake and apelin gene expression and concentration. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and google scholar and hand-searched bibliographies, including peer-reviewed articles with English abstracts, without restriction in publication date, updated until 21 February 2016 that reported the association between dietary intake and apelin gene expression or concentration. From a total of 1075 articles, we identified 12 relevant studies. There were 6 clinical trials in human and 6 studies in animals. Overall, two of three studies conducted in humans showed that calorie-restriction diet in obese subjects decreases apelin concentration. Five animal studies reported that higher intake of fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increased apelin expression and concentration. Given the paucity of data available, the heterogeneity of study designs used, and exposures tested, no quantitative meta-analysis was justified. Based on human studies, hypocaloric diet can reduce apelin concentration in obese individuals. In addition, higher intakes of total fatty acids and EPA may increase apelin gene expression and concentration.
Topics: Animals; Apelin; Diet, Reducing; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Obesity
PubMed: 28125271
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1262325 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2023Growing studies have focused on the effects of ambient air pollution on thyroid hormones (THs), but the results were controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Growing studies have focused on the effects of ambient air pollution on thyroid hormones (THs), but the results were controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by pooling current evidence on this association.
METHODS
Four databases were searched for studies examining the associations of particulate matter [diameter ≤10 μm (PM) or ≤2.5 μm (PM)] and gaseous [sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), carbon monoxide (CO)] pollutants with THs levels. Random effects models were used to pool the changes in THs levels with increasing air pollutant concentrations. Subgroup analyses were constructed by region, design, sample size, pollutant concentrations, evaluated methods, and potential risk exposure windows.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies covering 357,226 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed significant associations of exposure to PM, PM, NO, SO, and CO with decreases in free thyroxine (FT4) with percent changes (PC) ranging from -0.593 % to -3.925 %. PM, NO, and CO were negatively associated with levels of FT4/FT3 (PC: from -0.604 % to -2.975 %). In addition, results showed significant associations of PM with hypothyroxinemia and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Subgroup analyses indicated that PM and NO were significantly associated with FT4 in studies of Chinese, and similar significant findings were found in studies of PM and FT4/FT3 in areas with higher concentrations of air pollutants and larger samples. PM exposure in the first trimester was found to be associated with lower FT4 levels in pregnant women.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that exposure to air pollution is associated with changes in THs levels. Enhanced management of highly polluted areas, identification of harmful components and sources of PM, and protection from harmful exposures in early pregnancy may be of great public health importance for the population's thyroid function.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Nitrogen Dioxide; Thyroid Gland; Environmental Exposure; Air Pollution; Air Pollutants; Particulate Matter; Ozone; Sulfur Dioxide; Thyroid Hormones; Environmental Pollutants
PubMed: 37660827
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166780