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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Parkinson's disease (PD)-related constipation may affects both disease occurrence and disease progression. Probiotics, as a potential therapeutic intervention, have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD)-related constipation may affects both disease occurrence and disease progression. Probiotics, as a potential therapeutic intervention, have attracted the attention of researchers, but the evidence of their efficacy and safety has not been systematically reviewed.
AIM
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of probiotics in the treatment of PD constipation was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of PD constipation.
METHODS
Four databases (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched from their establishment to June 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in patients with PD, with probiotics in the experimental group and a placebo, another treatment, or no treatment in the control group. The primary outcome was the number of bowel movements per week. Secondary outcomes included nonmotor symptoms (NMS), gut transit time (GTT), abdominal pain, abdominal distention, constipation, and quality of life scores. Stata15.1 was used to generate a summary of the data and perform a descriptive analysis if necessary. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence and the Cochrane guidelines to assess the risk of bias for each study.
RESULTS
Finally, four qualified RCTs were included, comprising 287 participants. Compared with the control group, probiotics could effectively increase the frequency of defecation per week in PD patients (WMD = 1.02. 95%CI: 0.56-1.48, and < 0.00001), but the heterogeneity was high, and the quality of the evidence was low. There was no significant difference in average stool consistency between patients with PD treated with probiotics and those given a placebo in (WMD = -0.08. 95%CI: -1.42-1.26, and = 0.908). In addition, the results suggested that probiotics have no obvious effect on additional indicators of gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as GTT, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension, and there is insufficient evidence on their ability to improve NMS and Parkinson's disease Questionnaire 39 summary indices (PDQ39-SI). Safety issues should be carefully explained.
CONCLUSION
There is insufficient evidence supporting the use of probiotics to treat constipation in patients with PD. Taking all the results together, probiotics have potential value in the treatment of PD-related constipation.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022331325.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Constipation; Probiotics; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 36439217
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1038928 -
Integrative Medicine Research Jun 2016Previous studies on the Sasang typology have focused on the differential diagnosis of each Sasang type with type-specific pathophysiological symptoms (TSPS). The purpose... (Review)
Review
Previous studies on the Sasang typology have focused on the differential diagnosis of each Sasang type with type-specific pathophysiological symptoms (TSPS). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the latent physiological mechanism related to these clinical indicators. We searched six electronic databases for articles published from 1990 to 2015 using the Sasang typology-related keywords, and found and analyzed 35 such articles. The results were summarized into six TSPS categories: perspiration, temperature preference, sleep, defecation, urination, and susceptibility to stress. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum types showed contrasting features with TSPS, and the So-Yang type was in the middle. The Tae-Eum type has good digestive function, regular bowel movement and defecation, high sleep quality, and low susceptibility to stress and cold. The Tae-Eum type has relatively large volumes of sweat and feels fresh after sweating; however, the urine is highly concentrated. These clinical features might be related to the biopsychological traits of the Tae-Eum type, including a low trait anxiety level and high ponderal and body mass indices. This study used the autonomic reactivity hypothesis for explaining the pathophysiological predispositions in the Sasang typology. The Tae-Eum and So-Eum Sasang types have a low threshold in parasympathetic and sympathetic activation, respectively. This study provides a foundation for integrating traditional Korean personalized medicine and Western biomedicine.
PubMed: 28462102
DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.11.002 -
Journal of Menopausal Medicine Apr 2023Menopause is one the most crucial stages in a female's life. Identifying the education gaps regarding menopause is important, thus this study aims to explain the... (Review)
Review
Menopause is one the most crucial stages in a female's life. Identifying the education gaps regarding menopause is important, thus this study aims to explain the health-related needs of females during menopause. Scopus, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, and Web of Science databases were searched for the available observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional), systematic review, meta-analysis, and clinical trial studies (2007-2021) using keywords, such as 'Educational Needs Assessment,' 'Assessment of Healthcare Needs,' 'menopause,' 'climacteric,' 'premenopause,' and 'postmenopause.' A total of 180 out of 5,705 papers were evaluated after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The educational needs of females during menopause in the reviewed studies include osteoporosis, oral and dental problems, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, lung diseases, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal problems, urinary problems, breast cancer, defecation problems, genital disorders, special diseases such as eye diseases and hypothyroidism and hormone therapy, mental disorders, cognitive function, sleep disorders, sexual disorders, physical activity, supplement consumption, public health issues, health education, fall, and nutrition. The study results reveal that females during postmenopause require training, counseling, and support in all aspects to get through this challenging time, and providing these services, infrastructure, appropriate policy, and the use and support of the medical team's capacity are all required.
PubMed: 37160298
DOI: 10.6118/jmm.22033 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Constipation is a disorder with a multifactorial origin. Constipation has a varied clinical presentation, including infrequent defecation of bulky stools and episodes of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Constipation is a disorder with a multifactorial origin. Constipation has a varied clinical presentation, including infrequent defecation of bulky stools and episodes of retentive fecal incontinence. Neuromodulation has been used to treat many health problems, with promising results.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of randomized clinical trials based on the effects of transcutaneous neuromodulation in treating constipation and retentive fecal incontinence in children and adolescents.
METHODS
A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed. Medline (PubMed), PEDro, SciELO, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from March 2000 to August 2022. We included clinical trials evaluating transcutaneous neuromodulation in children with constipation and fecal incontinence compared or associated with other types of treatment. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted the data.
RESULTS
Three studies with 164 participants were included in this review. Two meta-analyses were generated based on these studies. These analyses revealed that transcutaneous neuromodulation is an effective adjuvant treatment modality that improves children's constipation and retentive fecal incontinence. The methodological quality of the included studies was classified as high based on the assessment of the quality of evidence, with a high degree of confidence based on the GRADE system.
CONCLUSIONS
Transcutaneous neuromodulation is an effective adjuvant treatment modality for children with constipation and retentive fecal incontinence.
PubMed: 36836787
DOI: 10.3390/life13020430 -
Parasites & Vectors Feb 2016Bovine cysticercosis in Europe has been known for centuries but the data showing the occurrence of this zoonosis are scarce. The aim of this paper is to review and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bovine cysticercosis in Europe has been known for centuries but the data showing the occurrence of this zoonosis are scarce. The aim of this paper is to review and present the current knowledge on bovine cysticercosis in Europe.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 1990 and November 2014. Qualitative and quantitative data on prevalence, risk factors, burden and interventions were extracted and analysed.
RESULTS
Reports on prevalence were available for 23 European countries, mostly from western and central Europe; for a few of these only data before 1990 were available. Prevalence based on meat inspection was generally low (below 6.2% in 95% of the records) and varied between and within countries. Serology and detailed meat inspection provided a higher prevalence range (0.41-14%). Only few studies analysing risk factors were identified. Reported factors related to access to pastures and risky waters, dairy production and uncontrolled human defecation in the proximity of the farm among others. Only one estimate of the economic impact of the disease could be identified. Recommended interventions were focused on increasing diagnostic tests sensitivity or the application of risk based surveillance strategies.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of complete and updated data on most countries, especially in eastern Europe. Further risk factor studies might be needed together with estimates on the burden of the disease in all European countries. Risk-based interventions are being encouraged but current data are limited to guide this approach.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Communicable Disease Control; Cysticercosis; Europe; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26860313
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1362-3 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Mar 2023Anastomosis for gastrointestinal reconstruction has been contentious after low anterior resection of rectal cancer for the past 30 years. Despite the abundance of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparison of complications and bowel function among different reconstruction techniques after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Anastomosis for gastrointestinal reconstruction has been contentious after low anterior resection of rectal cancer for the past 30 years. Despite the abundance of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on colon J-pouch (CJP), straight colorectal anastomosis (SCA), transverse coloplast (TCP), and side-to-end anastomosis (SEA), most studies are small and lack reliable clinical evidence. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of the four anastomoses on postoperative complications, bowel function, and quality of life in rectal cancer.
METHODS
We assessed the safety and efficacy of CJP, SCA, TCP, and SEA in adult patients with rectal cancer after surgery by searching the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases to collect RCTs from the date of establishment to May 20, 2022. Anastomotic leakage and defecation frequency were the main outcome indicators. We pooled data through a random effects model in a Bayesian framework and assessed model inconsistency using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and node-splitting method and inter-study heterogeneity using the I-squared statistics (I). The interventions were ranked according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to compare each outcome indicator.
RESULTS
Of the 474 studies initially evaluated, 29 were eligible RCTs comprising 2631 patients. Among the four anastomoses, the SEA group had the lowest incidence of anastomotic leakage, ranking first (SUCRA = 0.982), followed by the CJP group (SUCRA = 0.628). The defecation frequency in the SEA group was comparable to those in the CJP and TCP groups at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. In comparison, the defecation frequency in the SCA group 12 months after surgery all ranked fourth. No statistically significant differences were found among the four anastomoses in terms of anastomotic stricture, reoperation, postoperative mortality within 30 days, fecal urgency, incomplete defecation, use of antidiarrheal medication, or quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that SEA had the lowest risk of complications, comparable bowel function, and quality of life compared to the CJP and TCP, but further research is required to determine its long-term consequences. Furthermore, we should be aware that SCA is associated with a high defecation frequency.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Defecation; Anastomotic Leak; Network Meta-Analysis; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Fecal Incontinence; Anastomosis, Surgical; Colon; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36899350
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02977-z -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jun 2018Cryptosporidium infection causes gastrointestinal disease and has a worldwide distribution. The highest burden is in developing countries. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cryptosporidium infection causes gastrointestinal disease and has a worldwide distribution. The highest burden is in developing countries.
OBJECTIVES
We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify Cryptosporidium risk factors in Low and Middle Income countries (LMICs).
METHODS
Medline Ovid and Scopus databases were searched with no restriction on year or language of publication. All references were screened independently in duplicate and were included if they presented data on at least 3 risk factors. Meta-analyses using random effects models were used to calculate overall estimates for each exposure.
RESULTS
The most frequently reported risk factors in the 15 included studies were overcrowding, household diarrhoea, poor quality drinking water, animal contact, open defecation/ lack of toilet and breastfeeding. The combined odds ratio for animal contact was 1.98 (95%CI: 1.11-3.54) based on 11 studies and for diarrhoea in the household 1.98 (95%CI: 1.13-3.49) based on 4 studies. Open defecation was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.82 (95%CI: 1.19-2.8) based on 5 studies. Poor drinking water quality was not associated with a significant Cryptosporidium risk, odds ratio 1.06 (95%CI: 0.77-1.47). Breastfeeding was protective with pooled odds ratio 0.4 (95%CI: 0.13-1.22), which was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the included studies, crowded living conditions, animal contact and open defecation are responsible for the majority of Cryptosporidium cases in LMICs. Future studies investigating Cryptosporidium risk factors should have a good study design and duration, include appropriate number of cases, select suitable controls, investigate multiple relevant risk factors, fully report data and perform multivariate analysis.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Developing Countries; Diarrhea; Humans; Hygiene; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Water Quality
PubMed: 29879110
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006553 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Sep 2020Dyssynergic defaecation is a common form of functional constipation that responds poorly to conservative interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dyssynergic defaecation is a common form of functional constipation that responds poorly to conservative interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defaecation using global clinical improvement as the primary outcome, and resolution of the dyssynergic pattern on anorectal physiology and quality of life as secondary outcomes.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2019 using a predefined strategy. Randomised controlled trials of adult patients with dyssynergic defaecation and a biofeedback treatment arm were eligible for review. Studies including patients with secondary forms of constipation were excluded. Data abstraction and risk of bias assessments were conducted by consensus between two authors.
RESULTS
Eleven trials including 725 participants were included in the narrative review. Sixty-three percent of patients treated with biofeedback reported clinical improvement. Six studies included in the meta-analysis showed biofeedback superior to non-biofeedback therapy for the primary outcome (OR 3.63, CI 1.10-11.93, p = 0.03). Heterogeneity between trials and overall risk of bias was high.
CONCLUSIONS
Biofeedback therapy is recommended for patients referred to tertiary units with dyssynergic defaecation who fail conservative therapy. Future research should be directed towards identifying validated outcomes and the optimum method for delivering biofeedback therapy. Home biofeedback therapy may improve accessibility and recruitment to future clinical trials.
Topics: Adult; Biofeedback, Psychology; Constipation; Defecation; Humans; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32372153
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02230-9 -
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Apr 2018Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients often continue to experience nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms despite quiescent disease. Unlike non-IBD patients, IBD... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients often continue to experience nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms despite quiescent disease. Unlike non-IBD patients, IBD patients with dyssynergic defecation (DD) may present with various symptoms such as diarrhea, fecal incontinence, constipation, and rectal discomfort. Despite its importance and treatability, DD in IBD patients is not well recognized in practice. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of DD in IBD patients with ongoing defecatory symptoms.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (from 1966 through February 2017) to identify relevant studies on the prevalence, diagnostic methods, or management of DD in IBD patients with and without ileal pouch-anal anastomoses (IPAAs). A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics, Cochran Q statistic, and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
Seven studies (n = 442) were included. In patients with ongoing defecatory symptoms, the prevalence of DD without IPAA ranged from 45% to 97%, and in patients with IPAA, it ranged from 25% to 75%. The prevalence of DD in IPAA patients with and without pouchitis ranged from 17% to 67% and 29% to 50%, respectively. The pooled response rate to biofeedback therapy in patients without IPAA was 70% (95% CI, 55%-84%; I2 = 95%; P < 0.01), and it was 86% (95% CI, 67%-98%; I2 = 61%; P = 0.05) in those with IPAA.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite limited data, the current literature suggests that DD is highly prevalent in active or quiescent IBD patients with ongoing defecatory symptoms and is responsive to biofeedback therapy. Although more studies are needed, DD should be considered in IBD patients with persistent defecatory symptoms.
Topics: Constipation; Defecation; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Manometry; Pouchitis; Prevalence; Proctocolectomy, Restorative; Quality of Life
PubMed: 29529194
DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx095 -
Colorectal Disease : the Official... Apr 2022Anismus is a common cause of obstructed defaecation syndrome (ODS). The aim of the present review is to assess the efficacy and safety of puborectalis muscle (PRM)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
Anismus is a common cause of obstructed defaecation syndrome (ODS). The aim of the present review is to assess the efficacy and safety of puborectalis muscle (PRM) division in the treatment of anismus.
METHOD
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies that assessed the outcome of PRM division in the treatment of anismus. The main outcome measures were subjective improvement in ODS, decrease in the Wexner constipation score and ODS score, and complications, namely faecal incontinence (FI).
RESULTS
Ten studies (204 patients, 63.7% male) were included. The weighted mean rate of initial subjective improvement across randomized trials was 97.6% (95% CI 94%-100%) and across nonrandomized studies it was 63.1 (95% CI 39.3%-87%). The weighted mean rate of 12-month improvement across randomized trials was 64.9% (95% CI 53.3%-76.4%) and across nonrandomized studies it was 55.9% (95% CI 30.8%-81%). The weighted mean rate of FI across randomized trials was 12.1% (95% CI 4.2%-20%) and across nonrandomized studies it was 10.4% (95% CI 1.6%-19.3%). Male sex and unilateral PRM division were significantly associated with recurrence of symptoms after PRM division. Bilateral PRM division, posterior division, complete division and concomitant sphincterotomy were significantly associated with FI after PRM division.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of PRM division for treatment of anismus was followed by some initial improvement in ODS symptoms which decreased to <60% 12 months after PRM division. The mean rate of FI after PRM division, namely 10%-12%, is a limitation of the technique. Further well-designed trials are needed to verify the outcome of PRM division in the treatment of anismus.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Constipation; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvic Floor; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34984814
DOI: 10.1111/codi.16040