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Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2022Several systematic literature reviews have assessed the scientific evidence on resin bonding protocols to conventional 3 mol% ytrria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Several systematic literature reviews have assessed the scientific evidence on resin bonding protocols to conventional 3 mol% ytrria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) ceramics. It has been widely discussed, however, that the differing composition and physical properties of new high-translucent zirconia generations (4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP) may require alternative bonding materials and procedures. This paper reviewed in vitro studies on the success and durability of bonding protocols to high-translucent zirconia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane Library for in vitro studies on bonding to new zirconia generations published until November 2020 was conducted and complemented by a manual search. Studies selected for review fulfilled the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
RESULTS
Of 629 screened articles, 18 were included in this review. They investigated different surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, aging procedures, and bond strength test protocols. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence suggests that resin bonding protocols successfully applied to conventional zirconia are also the most successful for high-translucent zirconia. Airborne particle abrasion and special phosphate monomer-containing primers or composite resin cements provide long-term durable resin bonds.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Durable bonds can be established between high-translucent zirconia and resin cements. The bonding materials and procedures applied do not compromise their physical properties.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Bonding; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35072329
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12876 -
Journal of the American Dental... Feb 2023The goal of restoring caries lesions is to protect the pulp, prevent progression of the disease process, and restore the form and function of the tooth. The purpose of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The goal of restoring caries lesions is to protect the pulp, prevent progression of the disease process, and restore the form and function of the tooth. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of different direct restorative materials for treating cavitated caries lesions on anterior and posterior primary and permanent teeth.
TYPE OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors included parallel and split-mouth randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of direct restorative materials commercially available in the United States placed in vital, nonendodontically treated primary and permanent teeth. Pairs of reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and assessments of risk of bias and certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The authors conducted pair-wise meta-analyses to summarize the evidence and calculated measures of association and their 95% CIs.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials were eligible for analysis, which included data on Class I and Class II restorations on primary teeth and Class I, Class II, Class III, Class V, and root surface restorations on permanent teeth. Included studies assessed the effect of amalgam, resin composite, compomer, conventional glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass isomer cement, and preformed metal crowns. Moderate to very low certainty evidence suggested varying levels of effectiveness across restorative materials.
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Owing to a relatively low event rate across various outcomes indicating restoration failure, there was limited evidence to support important differences between direct restorative materials used in practice.
Topics: United States; Humans; Dental Restoration, Permanent; American Dental Association; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Materials; Dental Caries; Composite Resins; Tooth, Deciduous; Glass Ionomer Cements
PubMed: 36610925
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.09.012 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2019Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) has traditionally been used as a root filling material in primary teeth pulpectomy. Calcium hydroxide and iodoform (Ca(OH)/iodoform) may have... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) has traditionally been used as a root filling material in primary teeth pulpectomy. Calcium hydroxide and iodoform (Ca(OH)/iodoform) may have advantages as a root canal filling material to evaluate treatment success of Ca(OH)/iodoform pulpectomy in primary teeth compared with ZOE based on clinical and radiographical criteria. All human clinical studies reporting clinical and radiographical outcomes of Ca(OH)iodoform compared with ZOE in primary teeth pulpectomy were identified in digital bibliographic databases. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted relevant study characteristics. Success of treatment was based on an accomplishment of specific clinical and radiographical criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to appraise study heterogeneity and aggregated statistics. Out of 5,000 articles identified in initial search, 15 articles met all inclusion criteria, while 10 were included in the meta-analyses. At 6- and 12-month follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and radiographical success rates of Ca(OH)/iodoform and ZOE. However, ZOE was shown to have statistically significant higher success rates at ≥18-month follow-up. On the basis of the findings of this systematic review, we recommend that Ca(OH)/iodoform be utilized for pulpectomy in primary teeth nearing exfoliation; conversely, ZOE should be utilized when exfoliation is not expected to occur soon. Future randomized control clinical trials with a long-term follow-up are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material. The success of pulpectomy in primary teeth depends on selecting the ideal root canal filling material. It is challenging to select the appropriate filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE or ZOE/iodoform combined with Ca(OH) appears to be the materials of choice if primary teeth are not nearing exfoliation. More high-quality randomized control clinical trials with a long-term follow-up period are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material in primary teeth (systematic review registration number: CRD42016037563).
Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Humans; Pulpectomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicones; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
PubMed: 31249711
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.173 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2016Multiple variables have been shown to affect early marginal bone loss (MBL). Among them, the location of the microgap with respect to the alveolar bone crest, occlusion,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple variables have been shown to affect early marginal bone loss (MBL). Among them, the location of the microgap with respect to the alveolar bone crest, occlusion, and use of a polished collar have traditionally been investigated as major contributory factors for this early remodeling. Recently, soft tissue thickness has also been investigated as a possible factor influencing this phenomenon. Hence, this study aims to further evaluate the influence of soft tissue thickness on early MBL around dental implants.
METHODS
Electronic and manual literature searches were performed by two independent reviewers in several databases, including Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, for articles up to May 2015 reporting soft tissue thickness at time of implant placement and MBL with ≥12-month follow-up. In addition, random effects meta-analyses of selected studies were applied to analyze the weighted mean difference (WMD) of MBL between groups of thick and thin peri-implant soft tissue. Metaregression was conducted to investigate any potential influences of confounding factors, i.e., platform switching design, cement-/screw-retained restoration, and flapped/flapless surgical techniques.
RESULTS
Eight articles were included in the systematic review, and five were included in the quantitative synthesis and meta-analyzed to examine the influence of tissue thickness on early MBL. Meta-analysis for the comparison of MBL among selected studies showed a WMD of -0.80 mm (95% confidence interval -1.18 to -0.42 mm) (P <0.0001), favoring the thick tissue group. Metaregression of the selected studies failed to demonstrate an association among MBL and confounding factors.
CONCLUSION
The current study demonstrates that implants placed with an initially thicker peri-implant soft tissue have less radiographic MBL in the short term.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Humans; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 26777766
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150571 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Oct 2021The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on the bond strength of self-etching (SE) adhesives containing 10-MDP or other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on the bond strength of self-etching (SE) adhesives containing 10-MDP or other acidic functional monomers, comparing the bonding performance of both compositions.
METHODS
This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020175715) and it followed the PRISMA Statement. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, IBECS, and BBO from the starting coverage date through 30 June 2021. Study eligibility criteria consisted of in vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength (microtensile, microshear, tensile or shear testing) to sound dentin/enamel of a minimum of two distinct SE systems, with at least one material containing 10-MDP and one other being comprised of a distinct acidic composition. Statistical analyses were carried out with RevMan 5.3.5 and using random-effects models with the significance level at p < 0.05. Also, Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using MetaInsight V3 tool.
RESULTS
From 740 relevant studies evaluated in full-text analysis, 210 were incorporated to the systematic review and 206 in meta-analysis. The majority of studies was classified as having medium risk of bias (56.7%), followed by low (35.2%) and high (8.1%) risk of bias. Data from a total of 64 adhesive systems were collected, which favored the 10-MDP-based group at both dentin (overall effect: 6.98; 95% CI: 5.61, 8.36; p < 0.00001) and enamel (overall effect: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.62, 3.96; p < 0.00001) substrates. Microtensile testing was more frequently used (73.4%) in the included studies. Adhesives based on 10-MDP showed greater bonding performance than adhesives comprised of monomers such as PENTA, 6-MHP, 4-META, 4-MET, pyrophosphate esters, mixed composition or monomers derived from sulfonic acid (p ≤ 0.01); whereas similar bond strength values were verified between 10-MDP-based materials and those containing PEM-F, acrylamide phosphates, 4-AET, MAC-10, or monomers derived from polyacrylic and phosphonic acids (p ≥ 0.05). Adhesives based on GPDM were the only ones that resulted in greater bonding potential than the 10-MDP-based group (p = 0.03). Dental bonds in dentin were favored with the application of 2-step 10-MDP-based adhesives; whereas in enamel the dental bonds were favored for both 2-steps versions of adhesives, regardless of the presence of 10-MDP. Indirect evidence from NMA revealed that 1-step 10-MDP-free and universal 10-MDP-free adhesives seemed to perform worst in dentin and enamel, respectively.
SIGNIFICANCE
Adhesives containing 10-MDP showed higher bonding performance than materials formulated with other acidic ingredients, although this result relied on the type of mechanical testing, type of the substrate, acidic composition of the adhesive, and the application category of the SE system. This review summarized the effects of the foregoing factors on the adhesion to dental substrates.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 34456050
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.014 -
Pediatric Dentistry Jul 2020The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess success rates for nonvital treatment in primary teeth for caries/trauma. Databases were searched... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess success rates for nonvital treatment in primary teeth for caries/trauma. Databases were searched between 1960 and 2020 for randomized controlled trials, cohorts, case series, and in vitro studies. The primary outcome was overall success (clinical and radiographic) for pulpectomy and lesion sterilization tissue repair (LSTR). Included articles were independently determined, agreed upon, data extraction assessed, risk of bias, meta-analyses, and assignment of quality of evidence (GRADE). Comparing teeth with and without root resorption, pulpectomy success was better (P<0.001) in teeth without preoperative root resorption. Success with pulpectomies performed with zinc oxide eugenol [ZOE] and with Endoflas (ZOE plus iodoform plus calcium hydroxide) did not differ from that observed using Vitapex or Metapex (iodoform plus calcium hydroxide; P0.50) after 18 months; however, Endoflas and ZOE success rates remained near 90 percent versus 71 percent or less for iodoform. Network analysis ratings showed Endoflas and ZOE performed better than iodoform alone. Also, LSTR performed better (P<0.001) than pulpectomies in teeth with preoperative root resorption, but pulpectomy results were superior (P=0.09) if roots were intact. Rotary instrumentation of root canals was significantly faster (P<0.001) than manual instrumentation. Success rates were not impacted by method of obturation or root length determination, type of tooth, number of visits, irrigants, smear layer removal, or timing/type of final restoration. Eighteen-month success rates support Endloflas and zinc oxide eugenol pulpectomies over iodoform pulpectomies. Lesion sterilization tissue repair had limited indication for teeth with resorbed roots.
Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Caries; Humans; Pulpectomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Resorption; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
PubMed: 32847665
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Oct 2019To compare the treatments used to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH), based on its efficacy and effect duration. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To compare the treatments used to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH), based on its efficacy and effect duration.
METHODS
Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials were searched for articles published between 1 January 2008 and 14 November 2018, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, reporting clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42019121986.
RESULTS
Seventy-four randomised clinical trials were included in the systematic review, reporting patients from 16 to 65 years old, with a clinical diagnosis of DH, that evaluate the efficacy of a desensitising product, compared to pre-treatment, used the evaporative method stimulation and the visual analogue scale. These studies evaluated 5366 patients and at least 9167 teeth. Seven follow-up periods were considered corresponding to an immediate, medium or long-time effect. Sixty-six studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Glutaraldehyde with HEMA, glass ionomer cements and Laser present significant immediate (until 7 days) DH reduction. Medium-term (until 1 month) reduction was observed in stannous fluoride, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, glass ionomer cements and Laser groups. Finally, long-term significant reduction was seen at potassium nitrate, arginine, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, adhesive systems, glass ionomer cements and LASER.
CONCLUSIONS
All active ingredients show efficacy in DH reduction in different follow-up times. Only in-office treatments are effective in immediate DH reduction, maintaining its efficacy over time. For long-time effects, at-home treatments can also be used. More standardised evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustly of the results.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dentin; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Sensitivity; Follow-Up Studies; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 31216069
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12842 -
International Endodontic Journal Sep 2023The results of vital pulp treatments in permanent teeth have been encouraging. Currently, pulpotomy treatment for permanent teeth primarily utilizes mineral trioxide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The results of vital pulp treatments in permanent teeth have been encouraging. Currently, pulpotomy treatment for permanent teeth primarily utilizes mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as the dressing material, followed by calcium hydroxide. While other calcium-silicate-based cements have been suggested for pulpotomy, there is a limited number of studies evaluating their long-term effectiveness.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the success rate of pulpotomies performed on permanent teeth, comparing the use of ProRoot MTA with that of calcium hydroxide and other bioceramic materials.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in several electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Science Direct until December 2022. The search was guided by PICOS criteria, including only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the success rate of pulpotomy treatments in permanent teeth using ProRoot MTA in comparison to calcium hydroxide and other bioceramic materials. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the RoB-2 tool to evaluate the risk of bias, and relevant data were extracted and analysed in RevMan software 5.3 using fixed-effect models. The GRADE tool was used to determine the overall quality of evidence.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 1072 studies and, after eliminating duplicates, 677 studies were screened and 28 studies were considered for eligibility. In the final selection process, 16 studies were included in the systematic review, with 10 being determined as having a high risk of bias. Pulpotomy showed an overall mean success rate of 92% after 1 year. The meta-analysis indicated a significantly higher success rate for pulpotomies utilizing MTA in comparison with calcium hydroxide, while no significant difference was seen between MTA and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) or Biodentine. The GRADE assessment revealed an overall low level of evidence for the included studies.
DISCUSSION
Most randomized controlled trials exhibited a significant absence of control over confounding factors.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that pulpotomy is a highly effective treatment for managing permanent teeth. The results indicate that the success rate of pulpotomy using ProRoot MTA is significantly higher than when using calcium hydroxide. However, the certainty of evidence supporting these findings is low, and there is a need for well-designed RCTs to assess the long-term outcomes of pulpotomy using newer bioceramic materials.
REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42023393970).
Topics: Humans; Calcium Hydroxide; Pulpotomy; Calcium; Aluminum Compounds; Drug Combinations; Oxides; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Calcium Compounds; Treatment Outcome; Silicates
PubMed: 37254176
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13939 -
Caries Research 2020For an Organisation for Caries Research/European Federation of Conservative Dentistry consensus, this systematic review is aimed to assess the question of how to manage...
For an Organisation for Caries Research/European Federation of Conservative Dentistry consensus, this systematic review is aimed to assess the question of how to manage the caries process in the case of early childhood caries (ECC). Medline via PubMed was searched systematically regarding management of ECC. First priority was existing systematic reviews or randomized clinical trials otherwise cohort studies dealing with management of ECC, primarily with carious anterior teeth. After data extraction, the potential risk of bias was estimated depending on the study types, and the level of evidence was evaluated. Regarding management of ECC, results are presented for silver diamine fluoride (SDF, n = 5), nonoperative caries management (NOCM, n = 10), and restorative approaches (RA, n = 8) separately, as different kinds of studies with different levels of evidence were found for the different aspects in the management of ECC. The 5 systematic reviews on SDF showed a high potential for arrest of ECC on a high level of evidence. In NOCM, a low level of evidence for a moderate effect of fluoride varnish in arresting or remineralizing, especially non-cavitated lesions, was assessed. For RA in carious anterior upper primary teeth, a low level of evidence was found for higher failure rates of glass ionomer cement and composite fillings than composite strip crowns even if placed under general anaesthesia and especially compared to other crowns (stainless steel and zirconia). In conclusions, ECC may be managed successfully with nonoperative (SDF, regular fluoride application) and moderately well with operative approaches, but the decision is affected by many other variables such as pulpal involvement, the child's cooperation, or a general anaesthesia setting.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Crowns; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Research Design
PubMed: 31910415
DOI: 10.1159/000504335 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2017Dental caries is a sugar-dependent disease that damages tooth structure and, due to loss of mineral components, may eventually lead to cavitation. Dental caries is the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a sugar-dependent disease that damages tooth structure and, due to loss of mineral components, may eventually lead to cavitation. Dental caries is the most prevalent disease worldwide and is considered the most important burden of oral health. Conventional treatment methods (drill and fill) involve the use of rotary burs under local anaesthesia. The need for an electricity supply, expensive handpieces and highly trained dental health personnel may limit access to dental treatment, especially in underdeveloped regions.To overcome the limitations of conventional restorative treatment, the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was developed, mainly for treating caries in children living in under-served areas of the world where resources and facilities such as electricity and trained manpower are limited. ART is a minimally invasive approach which involves removal of decayed tissue using hand instruments alone, usually without use of anaesthesia and electrically driven equipment, and restoration of the dental cavity with an adhesive material (glass ionomer cement (GIC), composite resins, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GICs) and compomers).
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) compared with conventional treatment for managing dental caries lesions in the primary and permanent teeth of children and adults.
SEARCH METHODS
Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 22 February 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2017, Issue 1), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 22 February 2017), Embase Ovid (1980 to 22 February 2017), LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database; 1982 to 22 February 2017) and BBO BIREME Virtual Health Library (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia; 1986 to 22 February 2017). The US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with at least six months' follow-up that compared the effects of ART with a conventional restorative approach using the same or different restorative dental materials to treat caries lesions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data from included studies and assessed the risk of bias in those studies. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane to evaluate risk of bias and synthesise data. Where pooling was appropriate we conducted meta-analyses using the random-effects model. We assessed the quality of the evidence using GRADE criteria.
MAIN RESULTS
We included a total of 15 eligible studies randomising 3760 participants in this review. The age of participants across the studies ranged from 3 to 101 years, with a mean of 25.42 years. 48% of participants were male. All included studies were published between 2002 and 2016. Two of the 15 studies declared that the financial support was from companies that manufacture restorative material. Five studies were individually randomised parallel-group studies; six were cluster-randomised parallel-group studies; and four were randomised studies that used a split-mouth design. Eleven studies evaluated the effects of ART on primary teeth only, and four on permanent teeth. The follow-up period of the included studies ranged from 6 months to 36 months. We judged all studies to be at high risk of bias.For the main comparison of ART compared to conventional treatment using the same material: all but two studies used high-viscosity glass ionomer (H-GIC) as the restorative material; one study used a composite material; and one study used resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC)).Compared to conventional treatment using H-GIC, ART may increase the risk of restoration failure in the primary dentition, over a follow-up period from 12 to 24 months (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.27, five studies; 643 participants analysed; low-quality evidence). Our confidence in this effect estimate is limited due to serious concerns over risk of performance and attrition bias. For this comparison, ART may reduce pain during procedure compared with conventional treatment (MD -0.65, 95% CI -1.38 to 0.07; 40 participants analysed; low-quality evidence)Comparisons of ART to conventional treatment using composite or RM-GIC were downgraded to very low quality due to indirectness, imprecision and high risk of performance and attrition bias. Given the very low quality of the evidence from single studies, we are uncertain about the restoration failure of ART compared with conventional treatment using composite over a 24-month follow-up period (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.29; one study; 57 participants) and ART using RM-GIC in the permanent teeth of older adults with root caries lesions over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.71, 95% CI 0.94 to 7.81; one study; 64 participants).No studies reported on adverse events or costs.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Low-quality evidence suggests that ART using H-GIC may have a higher risk of restoration failure than conventional treatment for caries lesions in primary teeth. The effects of ART using composite and RM-GIC are uncertain due to the very low quality of the evidence and we cannot rely on the findings. Most studies evaluated the effects of ART on the primary dentition.Well-designed RCTs are required that report on restoration failure at clinically meaningful time points, as well as participant-reported outcomes such as pain and discomfort. Due to the potential confounding effects from the use of different dental materials, a robust body of evidence on the effects of ART compared with conventional treatment using the same restoration material is necessary. We identified four ongoing trials that could provide further insights into this area.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration Failure; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Male; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tooth, Deciduous; Toothache
PubMed: 29284075
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008072.pub2