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Journal of Endodontics Jun 2022MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, control the translation of messenger RNAs into proteins. miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the diverse biological... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, control the translation of messenger RNAs into proteins. miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the diverse biological processes of many physiological and pathological activities. The aim of this systematic review was to explore various functions of miRNAs in the regulation of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) behavior.
METHODS
The articles were searched in PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science database using designated keywords. Full-length manuscripts published in English in peer-reviewed journals relevant to the role of miRNAs in DPSC functions were included and reviewed by 2 independent researchers.
RESULTS
The original search of the database generated 299 studies. A total of 102 duplicate studies were removed. After their exclusion, 48 studies were selected for review. miRNAs have shown to modulate the stemness and differentiation of various mesenchymal stem cells. The miRNAs expression profiles in DPSCs were differed compared with other cell types and have been demonstrated to regulate the levels of proteins crucial for promoting or inhibiting DPSC proliferation as well as differentiation. Further, miRNAs also modulate inflammatory processes in dental pulp.
CONCLUSION
miRNAs have various functions on the regulation of DPSCs and understanding these roles of miRNAs is crucial for the development of new therapeutics in regenerative dental medicine. With the advancing technologies, the utilization of miRNA technology could revolutionarily change the future of regenerative endodontics.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MicroRNAs; Stem Cells
PubMed: 35271859
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.012 -
Journal of Dentistry Apr 2022This study aims to review systematically the dental pulp response to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment, including the inflammatory response, pulp cells activity,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to review systematically the dental pulp response to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment, including the inflammatory response, pulp cells activity, dentinogenesis, silver penetration, and the presence of the bacteria in the dental pulp.
DATA
In vitro studies, animal studies, clinical studies, and case reports on the use of SDF on vital dental pulp were included. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted. A narrative synthesis of the collected data was performed.
SOURCES
A systematic search was performed in ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for articles published from inception to Nov 1, 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
The initial search identified 1,433 publications, of which five publications met the inclusion criteria. These five publications reported the effect of direct/ indirect SDF application on the vital pulp of a total of 30 teeth. Direct SDF application on vital pulp caused pulp necrosis. Indirect SDF application caused none or mild inflammatory response of dental pulp. The odontoblasts in the dental pulp showed increased cellular activity. Tertiary dentine was formed in the pulpal side of the cavity with indirect SDF application. Accentuated incremental lines of tertiary dentine reflected disturbances in mineralisation. Silver ions were found to penetrate along the dentinal tubules but were not detected inside the pulp.
CONCLUSION
According to the limited available literature, direct SDF application causes pulp necrosis. Indirect SDF application is generally biocompatible to dental pulp tissue with a mild inflammatory response, increased odontoblastic activity, and increased tertiary dentine formation. Future studies with precise quantitative and qualitative tests, larger sample size and longer follow-up time are imperative to understand the biological activity of dental pulp to SDF treatment.
Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentin, Secondary; Fluorides, Topical; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds
PubMed: 35139409
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104066 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2019The aim of presented systematic scoping review was to investigate the actual and future clinical possibilities of regenerative therapies and their ability to regenerate...
The aim of presented systematic scoping review was to investigate the actual and future clinical possibilities of regenerative therapies and their ability to regenerate bone, periodontal and pulp with histological confirmation of the nature of formed tissue. Electronic search was conducted using a combination between Keywords and MeSH terms in PubMed, Scopus, ISI-Web of Science and Cochrane library databases up to January 2016. Two reviewers conducted independently the papers judgment. Screened studies were read following the predetermined inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's modified framework. From 1349 papers, 168 completed inclusion criteria. Several characterized and uncharacterized cells used in Cell Therapy have provided bone regeneration, demonstrating bone gain in quantity and quality, even as accelerators for bone and periodontal regeneration. Synthetic and natural scaffolds presented good cell maintenance, however polyglycolid-polylactid presented faster resorption and consequently poor bone gain. The Growth Factor-Mediated Therapy was able to regenerate bone and all features of a periodontal tissue in bone defects. Teeth submitted to Revascularization presented an increase of length and width of root canal. However, formed tissues not seem able to deposit dentin, characterizing a repaired tissue. Both PRP and PRF presented benefits when applied in regenerative therapies as natural scaffolds. Therefore, most studies that applied regenerative therapies have provided promising results being possible to regenerate bone and periodontal tissue with histological confirmation. However, pulp regeneration was not reported. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the short follow-up periods.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Periodontium; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 30970065
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902053 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2021Endodontic disease is one of the most common causes of bacterial odontogenic sinusitis (ODS). Diagnosing ODS of endodontic origin involves otolaryngologists confirming... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Endodontic disease is one of the most common causes of bacterial odontogenic sinusitis (ODS). Diagnosing ODS of endodontic origin involves otolaryngologists confirming sinusitis, and dental specialists confirming endodontic sources. The purpose of this study was to conduct a multidisciplinary literature review to highlight clinical and microbiological features of ODS, and the most optimal diagnostic modalities to confirm endodontic disease.
METHODS
An extensive review of both medical and dental literature was performed by rhinologists, endodontists, and an infectious disease specialist. Frequencies of various clinical and microbiological features from ODS studies were collected, and averages were calculated. Different endodontic testing and imaging modalities were also evaluated on their abilities to confirm endodontic disease.
RESULTS
ODS patients most often present with unilateral sinonasal symptoms for over 3 months, purulence on nasal endoscopy, and overt dental pathology on computed tomography (CT). Subjective foul smell, and maxillary sinus cultures demonstrating anaerobes and α-streptococci (viridans group) may be more specific to ODS. For endodontic evaluations, cold pulp testing and cone-beam CT imaging are most optimal for confirming pulpal and periapical disease.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosing ODS requires collaboration between otolaryngologists and dental specialists. Clinicians should suspect ODS when patients present with unilateral sinonasal symptoms, especially foul smell. Patients will generally have purulent drainage on nasal endoscopy, and both sinus opacification and overt dental pathology on CT. However, some patients will have subtle or absent dental pathology on CT. For suspected endodontic disease, endodontists should be consulted for at least cold pulp testing, and ideally cone-beam CT.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinusitis; Middle Aged; Pulpitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 33486208
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102925 -
Journal of Endodontics Jul 2022Pulp stone (PS) is a dystrophic calcification in the tooth's pulp chamber and was suggested in the literature to be associated with other calcifications in the body.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Pulp stone (PS) is a dystrophic calcification in the tooth's pulp chamber and was suggested in the literature to be associated with other calcifications in the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of PS to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and renal stones (RS).
METHODS
Three databases were searched until June 2021 in addition to manual searching of Google Scholar and grey literature. Original studies were only included and critically appraised using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The odds ratio (OR) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to investigate the association of PS with CVD and or RS (P value ˂ .05).
RESULTS
The database search identified 4933 studies, and 19 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was low in 13 studies, moderate in 4 studies, and high in 2 studies. The meta-analysis of the moderate and low risk of bias studies revealed a significant association between PS and CVD (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.91-5.89; P < .001, I = 65%), but no association was found between PS and RS. The results also revealed an association between PS and CVD in patients older than 40 (OR, 8.78; 95% CI, 3.64-21.17; P < .001, I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
The current study results showed an association between PS and CVD, but no association was found between PS and RS. PS in patients older than 40 years, compared with younger patients (<40 years), was associated with CVD.
Topics: Calcinosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dental Pulp Calcification; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 35447295
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.010 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Nov 2023This Systematic Review (SR) was to report on the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian (KSA) population. The electronic databases were searched for scientific... (Review)
Review
This Systematic Review (SR) was to report on the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian (KSA) population. The electronic databases were searched for scientific research articles during May 2021. The data search was performed in electronic search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Saudi Digital Library, and 6 original research articles which fulfilled the eligibility criteria were assessed for qualitative data. The prevalence of pulp stones among the KSA population ranged from 4.6% to 50.93% among the study participants and it ranged between 10.2%-13.34% in the teeth assessed. The pulp stones were more frequently reported in decayed teeth, periodontal diseases, attrition, teeth with dental restorations, and higher in the molar teeth in comparison with the premolar teeth. The data on the prevalence of pulp stones among the Saudi population will be helpful for clinicians in planning endodontic procedures.
PubMed: 38077230
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.012 -
Clujul Medical (1957) Oct 2018The growing interest reflected in the studies on dental erosion is justified by the severe health problems it entails, i.e. esthetic, phonetic, masticatory disturbances... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The growing interest reflected in the studies on dental erosion is justified by the severe health problems it entails, i.e. esthetic, phonetic, masticatory disturbances and pulp complications. Most studies investigate the prevalence of dental erosion in adults and children, the severity of lesions and etiopathogenetic factors.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Dental erosions (DE) are one of the extraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). An increasing amount of papers shed light on this topic. We carried out a systematic review on the association between GERD and DE.
METHODS
We studied the association between DE and GERD in adults and children. The search for published studies was performed in PubMed using search terms "dental erosion" and "gastro-esophageal reflux disease". References published since 2007 were included and a systematic review was carried out. Articles not assessing DE in GERD patients were excluded, and also case presentations and articles in languages of limited circulation. The prevalence of DE in patients with GERD, extrinsic and intrinsic etiological factors of DE and the severity of dental erosion lesions were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 273 articles were found, 10 studies being retained for analysis. Correlations between DE and GERD, namely the prevalence and severity of dental erosion in GERD patients, were investigated. DE prevalence was between 10.6% - 42%, median 25.5%. Mean values of DE prevalence were 48.81% in GERD patients, compared to 20.48% in non-GERD controls. Comparative values of DE frequency in adults with GERD was 38.96%, compared to 98.1% in children with GERD.
CONCLUSIONS
DE is a condition associated with GERD. DE prevalence is higher in GERD patients. Intrinsic pathogenetic factors with direct action on the hard dental tissues are GERD, while extrinsic factors are represented by diet. Among the patients diagnosed with GERD, youth under the age of 18 had a higher frequency compared to adults.
PubMed: 30564013
DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-1017 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Aug 2022The main objective of this systematic review is to carry out a qualitative synthesis of the available bibliography on the use of scaffolds used in dentistry for the... (Review)
Review
AIMS
The main objective of this systematic review is to carry out a qualitative synthesis of the available bibliography on the use of scaffolds used in dentistry for the revitalisation treatment of immature teeth with open apex.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The search was carried out in the MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases. The search included the terms 'Pulp regeneration' OR 'Pulp revitalisation' AND 'scaffold'. The inclusion criteria were articles published in English, which carry out revitalisation treatments, with analysis of the results obtained and comparison of them, carried out in humans, in immature permanent teeth with open apex, and randomised clinical trials. The risk of bias assessment was performed with the RoB2 guideline.
RESULTS
Of 769 studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria. The scaffolds used were blood clot, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and blood clots combined with different membranes such as collagen membrane, collagen membrane and placentrex, chitosan membrane and hydrogel with basic growth factor for fibroblasts. The clinical success rate is excellent for all scaffolds used. The best scaffold for root development is platelet-rich plasma and it is the scaffold with the highest percentage of response to vitality test.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggested that platelet-rich plasma is the preferred scaffold of choice, although all the scaffolds analysed have acceptable results.
Topics: Collagen; Dental Pulp; Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Regeneration
PubMed: 35367348
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151936 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Aug 2022This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the occurrence of pulp changes as side effects from orthopaedic rapid maxillary expansion (ORME) or... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the occurrence of pulp changes as side effects from orthopaedic rapid maxillary expansion (ORME) or surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME).
METHODS
An electronic search was performed in eleven databases. The eligibility criteria included clinical studies assessing vitality, sensibility or dimensions of the pulp chamber of permanent teeth before and after ORME or SARME, without restrictions on publication year or language. The risk of bias was analysed with the NIH 'Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group' and the 'JBI for quasi-experimental studies' tool. The GRADE tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 1,197 records, from which only seven before-after studies were included. There was a change in the pulpal blood flow (PBF) of maxillary incisors and canines up to 5 days after SARME, which gradually returned after 7 days to 3 months. After ORME, one study observed an increased PBF and one study observed a reduced PBF, which gradually returned after the end of expansion. Two studies observed that both ORME and SARME caused temporary changes in pulp sensibility. Three studies observed a significant reduction in the pulp chamber after ORME or SARME. The outcomes presented a very low certainty of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Although limited, the evidence shows that ORME and SARME caused temporary changes in pulp vitality and sensibility, with the possibility of inducing a reduction in pulp chamber dimensions.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Incisor; Maxilla; Palatal Expansion Technique
PubMed: 34874608
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12556 -
Journal of Dentistry Dec 2023The aim of this scoping review was to summarize and discuss the morphological features and associated factors of pulpal mineralizations (PMs) as described within the...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this scoping review was to summarize and discuss the morphological features and associated factors of pulpal mineralizations (PMs) as described within the literature.
DATA
The study protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform and is available at the following link: https://osf.io/hfqwe. This scoping review was developed according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
SOURCES
A literature search of four electronic databases was performed in SCOPUS, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Word of Science, with the last search on May 29, 2023. Study selection was completed by two reviewers independently. Data was extracted regarding study characteristics, types, and features of PM and associated factors.
STUDY SELECTION
Of 1016 studies initially identified ten which qualified were included in this scoping review. Systemic and local factors that result in pulpal insult can contribute to the development of PMs. Three forms of PM have been reported, pulp stones, diffuse mineralizations, and mineralized ectopic connective tissue, with discrete and diffuse mineralization being the two clinically relevant forms. The different forms of PMs exhibit dissimilar morphological features.
CONCLUSION
Pulpal mineralizations exist in two clinically relevant forms: diffuse and discrete mineralizations and are likely associated with a pulpal insult.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Understanding the morphology of dental pulp mineralization is the first step to expanding the knowledge of pulp mineralization and could result in improved diagnosis of endodontic pathosis.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Calcification; Humans
PubMed: 37866408
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104745