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American Journal of Physiology.... Sep 2022Diabetes is the eighth leading cause of death in the world and the prevalence is rising in low-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is the eighth leading cause of death in the world and the prevalence is rising in low-income countries. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, especially for individuals with diabetes. Although medications exist to treat symptoms of diabetes, lack of availability and high costs may deter their use by individuals with low incomes as well as those in low-income nations. Therefore, this systematic review was performed to determine whether genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soy products, could provide therapeutic benefits for individuals with diabetes. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS using the terms "genistein," "diabetes," and "glucose" and identified 33 peer-reviewed articles that met our inclusion criteria. In general, preclinical studies demonstrated that genistein decreases body weight and circulating glucose and triglycerides concentrations, whereas increasing insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. Genistein also delayed the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, clinical studies utilizing genistein generally reported no significant relationship between genistein and body mass, circulating glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) concentrations, or onset of type 1 diabetes. However, genistein was found to improve insulin sensitivity and serum triglyceride concentrations and delayed the onset of type 2 diabetes. In summary, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that genistein may help delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and improve several symptoms associated with the disease. Although additional research is required to confirm these findings, the results highlighted in this review provide some evidence that genistein may offer a natural approach to mitigating some of the complications associated with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genistein; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin Resistance
PubMed: 35816719
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00236.2021 -
Oral Diseases Jul 2019The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis answering the following questions: (a) "What is the prevalence and risk of oral lichen planus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis answering the following questions: (a) "What is the prevalence and risk of oral lichen planus among patients with diabetes mellitus?" and (b) "What is the prevalence and risk of diabetes mellitus among patients with oral lichen planus?".
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed/Medline and Scopus database from 1966 to March 2018, using the following terms: "Lichen planus" AND "Diabetes mellitus" AND "Prevalence" AND "Oral mucosal lesions".
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in this review. Twelve studies assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with lichen planus. The prevalence reported ranges from 1.6% to 37.7% with a relative risk of 2.432. Ten studies assessed the prevalence of lichen planus among patients with diabetes mellitus which showed a prevalence of lichen planus ranging from 0.5% to 6.1% with a relative risk of 1.4.
CONCLUSIONS
Contradictory results were found when analyzing the relationship between lichen planus and diabetes mellitus. Diverse factors should be considered when studying this association for a correct interpretation of results. Diabetes mellitus has high prevalence and morbidity, which is why new case-control studies are needed to further investigate this association.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lichen Planus, Oral; Prevalence
PubMed: 30203902
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12977 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Mar 2018People with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently show complications in feet and hands. However, the literature has mostly focused on foot complications. The disease can... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently show complications in feet and hands. However, the literature has mostly focused on foot complications. The disease can affect the strength and dexterity of the hands, thereby reducing function.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on identifying the existing evidence on how type 2 diabetes mellitus affects hand strength, dexterity and function.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus and Web of Science, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for reports of studies of grip and pinch strength as well as hand dexterity and function evaluated by questionnaires comparing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls that were published between 1990 and 2017. Data are reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Among 2077 records retrieved, only 7 full-text articles were available for meta-analysis. For both the dominant and non-dominant hand, type 2 diabetes mellitus negatively affected grip strength (SMD: -1.03; 95% CI: -2.24 to 0.18 and -1.37, -3.07 to 0.33) and pinch strength (-1.09, -2.56 to 0.38 and -1.12, -2.73 to 0.49), although not significantly. Dexterity of the dominant hand did not differ between diabetes and control groups but was poorer for the non-dominant hand, although not significantly. Hand function was worse for diabetes than control groups in 2 studies (MD: -8.7; 95% CI: -16.88 to -1.52 and 4.69, 2.03 to 7.35).
CONCLUSION
This systematic review with meta-analysis suggested reduced hand function, specifically grip and pinch strength, for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus versus healthy controls. However, the sample size for all studies was low. Hence, we need studies with adequate sample size and randomized controlled trials to provide statistically significant results.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 29366905
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2017.12.006 -
Bone Jan 2016Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fractures, which is not explained by bone mineral density. Other markers as bone turnover markers (BTMs) may be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fractures, which is not explained by bone mineral density. Other markers as bone turnover markers (BTMs) may be useful.
AIM
To assess the relationship between BTMs, diabetes, and fractures.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2014. The databases searched were Medline at Pubmed and Embase. Medline at Pubmed was searched by "Diabetes Mellitus" (MESH) and "bone turnover markers" and Embase was searched using the Emtree by "Diabetes Mellitus" and "bone turnover", resulting in 611 studies. The eligibility criteria for the studies were to assess BTM in either type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
RESULTS
Of the 611 eligible studies, removal of duplicates and screening by title and abstract lead to 114 potential studies for full-text review. All these studies were full-text screened for eligibility and 45 studies were included. Two additional studies were added from other sources. Among the 47 studies included there were 1 meta-analysis, 29 cross-sectional studies, 13 randomized controlled trials, and 4 longitudinal studies. Both T1D and T2D were studied. Most studies reported fasting BTM and excluded renal disease.
CONCLUSION
Markers of bone resorption and formation seem to be lower in diabetes patients. Bone specific alkaline phosphatase is normal or increased, which suggests that the matrix becomes hypermineralized in diabetes patients. The BTMs: C-terminal cross-link of collagen, insulin-like growth factor-1, and sclerostin may potentially predict fractures, but longitudinal trials are needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Bone and diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25722065
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.019 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2021Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic metabolic disease in the world, and the prevalence has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The channel of K plays an...
OBJECTIVES
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic metabolic disease in the world, and the prevalence has been increasing rapidly in recent years. The channel of K plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion. The variants in gene encoding the SUR1 subunit of K could cause a variety of phenotypes, including neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and -induced nonneonatal diabetes mellitus (-NNDM). Since the features of -NNDM have not been elucidated, this study is aimed at concluding the genetic features and clinical characteristics.
METHODS
We comprehensively reviewed the literature associated with -NNDM in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science to investigate the features of -NNDM.
RESULTS
Based on a comprehensive literature search, we found that 87 probands with -NNDM carried 71 genetic variant alleles, 24% of whom carried inactivating variants, 24% carried activating variants, and the remaining 52% carried activating or inactivating variants. Nine of these variants were confirmed to be activating or inactivating through functional studies, while four variants (p.R370S, p.E1506K, p.R1418H, and p.R1420H) were confirmed to be inactivating. The phenotypes of -NNDM were variable and could also present with early hyperinsulinemia followed by reduced insulin secretion, progressing to diabetes later. They had a relatively high risk of microvascular complications and low prevalence of nervous disease, which is different from NDM.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic testing is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment for patients with -NNDM. And further studies are required to determine the complex mechanism of the variants of -NNDM.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Humans; Insulin; Phenotype; Sulfonylurea Receptors
PubMed: 34631896
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9479268 -
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and antibiotic-resistant infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Jan 2022Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with infectious diseases; however, whether T2DM is associated with bacterial-resistant infections has not been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with infectious diseases; however, whether T2DM is associated with bacterial-resistant infections has not been thoroughly studied. We ascertained whether people with T2DM were more likely to experience resistant infections in comparison to T2DM-free individuals.
METHODS
Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis. The search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Global Health. We selected observational studies in which the outcome was resistant infections (any site), and the exposure was T2DM. We studied adult subjects who could have been selected from population-based or hospital-based studies. I was the metric of heterogeneity. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias scale.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 3370 reports, 97 were studied in detail and 61 (449 247 subjects) were selected. Studies were mostly cross-sectional or case-control; several infection sites were studied, but mostly urinary tract and respiratory infections. The random-effects meta-analysis revealed that people with T2DM were twofold more likely to have urinary tract (OR=2.42; 95% CI 1.83 to 3.20; I 19.1%) or respiratory (OR=2.35; 95% CI 1.49 to 3.69; I 58.1%) resistant infections. Although evidence for other infection sites was heterogeneous, they consistently suggested that T2DM was associated with resistant infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Compelling evidence suggests that people with T2DM are more likely to experience antibiotic-resistant urinary tract and respiratory infections. The evidence for other infection sites was less conclusive but pointed to the same overall conclusion. These results could guide empirical treatment for patients with T2DM and infections.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans
PubMed: 34326183
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-216029 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Aug 2015We systematically reviewed publications on prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 47 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We systematically reviewed publications on prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 47 countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search in PUBMED and reviewed articles published until June 2014 and searched the references of retrieved articles. We explored sources of heterogeneity among prevalence proportions with metaregression analysis.
RESULTS
Of 1069 articles retrieved 22 studies were included. Half were from West Africa, specifically Nigeria, five from South Africa and six from East and Central Africa. There were differences in screening methods and diagnosis criteria used, even between studies carried out in the same country and same time period. Metaregression analysis indicated high heterogeneity among the studies (I(2) = 100, P < 0.001), which could not be sufficiently explained by study setting, population, diagnostic criteria or time trend, although we observed a relatively higher prevalence in studies carried out after 2000 (5.1% vs. 3.2%), when women at risk were selected (6.5% vs. 3.8%) and when more current diagnostic criteria were used (5.1% vs. 4.2%). Associations with risk factors were reported in six studies. Significant risk factors reported in more than one study were overweight and/or obesity, family history for type 2 diabetes, previous stillbirth, previous macrosomic child and age >30 years.
CONCLUSIONS
There are few studies on prevalence and risk factors for GDM in Sub-Saharan Africa and heterogeneity is high. Prevalence was up to about 14% when high-risk women were studied. Preventive actions should be taken to reduce the short- and long-term complications related to GDM in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Obesity; Pregnancy; Stillbirth
PubMed: 25877657
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12521 -
Journal of Interprofessional Care 2022Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most frequently occurring conditions that have a substantial effect on the global health economy. The literature... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most frequently occurring conditions that have a substantial effect on the global health economy. The literature regarding medical professionals' knowledge of the bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has not been analyzed systematically. The review aimed to investigate the knowledge and understanding of physicians and specialists regarding the two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease and their approach to referring their patients for a dental consultation. An electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted to review the studies that assessed knowledge and understanding of medical professionals regarding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Data from 13 included studies involved 4,027 participants: 3,256 primary care physicians and 771 medical specialists. Just over 50% of the medical professionals had an understanding of oral health and/or periodontal disease. Over one-third of medical professionals were ignorant of the relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. Only 30% reported ever referring their patients for an oral health assessment. Another key finding of the investigation was the absence of interprofessional collaborative care between medical and dental professionals while managing patients with diabetes mellitus. Medical professionals with an integrated knowledge of elementary oral health education and training could play a central role in the timely diagnosis and management of periodontal disease in patients living with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Interprofessional Education; Interprofessional Relations; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 33290117
DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1825354 -
Endocrine Mar 2022Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and asthma are both the top concurrent non-communicable diseases in the world, and the existence of a relationship between the two is an area of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and asthma are both the top concurrent non-communicable diseases in the world, and the existence of a relationship between the two is an area of debate.
METHODS
All eligible observational studies in PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to August 2021 were searched for data extraction and analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was evaluated using fixed-effects or random-effects models in RevMan 5.3, and I and Cochran Q tests were used to assess the heterogeneity.
RESULTS
22 studies with 25,578 T1D and 3,330,901 non-T1D were included in this meta-analysis. After data analysis, there seems to be no apparent connectivity between asthma and T1D as the crude OR (cOR) was 1.07 (95%CI, 0.93-1.23). Nevertheless, after limiting the meta-analysis to 6 studies with adjusted OR (aOR) available, the results suggested a positive association between T1D and asthma (aOR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.06-1.25). Corresponding with this, a meta-analysis of cohort studies also found a positive association between T1D and asthma with the pooled cOR of 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09-1.49) and aOR of 1.15 (95%CI, 1.05-1.26). Further analysis of 7 studies in which the diagnosis of asthma precedes T1D onset revealed that asthma patients are at increased risk of subsequent T1D with the pooled cOR of 1.23 (95%CI, 1.04-1.44) and aOR of 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11-2.24).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis suggests a possible association between T1D and asthma, and patients who were previously diagnosed with asthma carried higher odds of developing T1D.
Topics: Asthma; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans
PubMed: 35029744
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02973-x -
Tropical Medicine & International... Nov 2022To investigate the current status of the availability and affordability of specific essential medicines and diagnostics for diabetes in Africa. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the current status of the availability and affordability of specific essential medicines and diagnostics for diabetes in Africa.
METHODS
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies conducted in Africa that reported any information on the availability and affordability of short-acting, intermediate-acting, and premixed insulin, glibenclamide, metformin, blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin or HbA1c, and lipid profile tests were included. Random-effect model meta-analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the pooled availability and affordability, respectively.
RESULTS
A total of 21 studies were included. The pooled availability of each drug was as follows: short-acting insulin 33.5% (95% CI: 17.8%-49.2%, I = 95.02%), intermediate-acting insulin 23.1% (95% CI: 6.3%-39.9%, I = 91.6%), premixed insulin 49.4% (95% CI: 24.9%-73.9%, I = 90.57%), glibenclamide 55.9% (95% CI: 43.8%-68.0%, I = 96.7%), and metformin 47.0% (95% CI: 34.6%-59.4%, I = 97.54%). Regarding diagnostic tests, for glucometers the pooled availability was 49.5% (95% CI: 37.9%-61.1%, I = 97.43%), for HbA1c 24.6% (95% CI: 3.1%-46.1%, I = 91.64), and for lipid profile tests 35.7% (95% CI: 19.4%-51.9%, I = 83.77%). The median (IQR) affordability in days' wages was 7 (4.7-7.5) for short-acting insulin, 4.4 (3.9-4.9) for intermediate-acting insulin, 7.1 (5.8-16.7) for premixed insulin, 0.7 (0.7-0.7) for glibenclamide, and 2.1 (1.8-2.8) for metformin.
CONCLUSION
The availability of the five essential medicines and three diagnostic tests for diabetes in Africa is suboptimal. The relatively high cost of insulin, HbA1c, and lipid profile tests is a significant barrier to optimal diabetes care. Pragmatic country-specific strategies are urgently needed to address these inequities in access and cost.
Topics: Humans; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Health Services Accessibility; Drugs, Essential; Diabetes Mellitus; Costs and Cost Analysis; Insulin; Metformin; Insulin, Short-Acting; Lipids
PubMed: 36121433
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13819