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Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Although creatine supplementation is well-known to increase exercise performance in acute high-intensity exercises, its role in aerobic performance based on VOmax is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Although creatine supplementation is well-known to increase exercise performance in acute high-intensity exercises, its role in aerobic performance based on VOmax is more controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of creatine supplementation on VOmax. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting VOmax in creatine supplementation and placebo groups before and after supplementation. We computed a random-effects meta-analysis on VOmax at baseline, within groups following supplementation, on changes on VOmax between groups, and after supplementation between groups. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression were conducted. We included 19 RCTs for a total of 424 individuals (mean age 30 years old, 82% men). VOmax did not differ at baseline between groups (creatine and placebo). Participants in both groups were engaged in exercise interventions in most studies (80%). Using changes in VOmax, VOmax increased in both groups but increased less after creatine supplementation than placebo (effect size [ES] = -0.32, 95%CI = -0.51 to -0.12, = 0.002). Comparisons after creatine supplementation confirmed a lower VOmax in the creatine group compared to the placebo group (ES= -0.20, 95%CI = -0.39 to -0.001, = 0.049). Meta-analysis after exclusion from meta-funnel resulted in similar outcomes in a subgroup of young and healthy participants. Meta-regressions on characteristics of supplementation, physical training, or sociodemographic were not statistically significant. Creatine supplementation has a negative effect on VOmax, regardless of the characteristics of training, supplementation, or population characteristics.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2008864 .
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Female; Creatine; Exercise; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 34859731
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2008864 -
Nutrients Apr 2023Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is affected by diet. However, research understanding how these dietary risk factors are related to... (Review)
Review
Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is affected by diet. However, research understanding how these dietary risk factors are related to arterial stiffness during childhood is limited. The purpose of this review was to determine whether various dietary factors were associated with arterial stiffness in the pediatric population. Five databases were systematically searched. Intervention studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included that investigated nutrient or food intake and outcomes of arterial stiffness, primarily measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), in the pediatric population (aged 0-18 years). A final 19 studies (six intervention and 13 observational) were included. Only two intervention studies, including a vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation trial, found protective effects on PWV and AIx in adolescents. Findings from observational studies were overall inconsistent and varied. There was limited evidence to indicate a protective effect of a healthy dietary pattern on arterial stiffness and an adverse effect of total fat intake, sodium intake and fast-food consumption. Overall, results indicated that some dietary factors may be associated with arterial stiffness in pediatric populations; however, inconsistencies were observed across all study designs. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm the potential associations found in this review.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Vascular Stiffness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pulse Wave Analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Eating
PubMed: 37432233
DOI: 10.3390/nu15092092 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019The scientific literature has demonstrated that glutamine is one of the main beneficial amino acids. It plays an important role in gut microbiota and immunity. This...
The scientific literature has demonstrated that glutamine is one of the main beneficial amino acids. It plays an important role in gut microbiota and immunity. This paper provides a critical overview of experimental studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical) investigating the efficacy of glutamine and its effect on gut microbiota. As a result of this review, we have summarized that glutamine could affect gut microbiota via different mechanisms including the reduction in the ratio of to with the activation of NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways, reducing the intestinal colonization ( lesions) and bacterial overgrowth or bacterial translocation, increasing the production of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and immunoglobulin A+ (IgA) cells in the intestinal lumen, and decreasing asparagine levels. The potential applications of glutamine on gut microbiota include, but are not limited to, the management of obesity, bacterial translocation and community, cytokines profiles, and the management of side effects during post-chemotherapy and constipation periods. Further studies and reviews are needed regarding the effects of glutamine supplementation on other conditions in humans.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamine; Humans; Nutrition Disorders
PubMed: 31652531
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205232 -
Maedica Sep 2021Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. The goal of this study was to present the suitable...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. The goal of this study was to present the suitable diet recommended by the international literature for women with polycystic ovary syndrome to alleviate their symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases containing medical topics was conducted. A total number of 123 articles were retrieved and seven of them were relevant to our chosen topic concerning the diet-related polycystic ovary syndrome. According to research, it seems that diet plays a very important role on the clinical picture and laboratory findings of PCOS. According to the included studies, the change in the diet of women brought positive results in terms of clinical appearance of the syndrome. Ôhis review presents the type of diet that is deemed helpful in the clinical and laboratory picture of the syndrome. In the future, more research should be conducted on a larger population with PCOS and for a longer period of time, during which subjects would be given a specific diet. It would also be important to compare diet to mild exercise and dietary supplementation.
PubMed: 34925611
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.16.3.516 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology May 2023Hidradenitis suppurativa affects up to 4% of the population worldwide. Many treatment options exist but these come with a significant side-effect profile. Exercise,...
BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa affects up to 4% of the population worldwide. Many treatment options exist but these come with a significant side-effect profile. Exercise, weight loss, and dietary modifications may be simple inexpensive alternatives and/or adjuncts to treating this disease.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to summarize published evidence on the effects of dietary, weight loss, and exercise interventions on the clinical course, severity, or subjective improvement of hidradenitis suppurativa and to provide a framework regarding dietary changes and exercise modalities for clinicians treating this disease.
METHODS
A literature search of Scopus (1993 onwards), PubMed (1986 onwards), and MEDLINE (OVID interface, 1946 onwards) was conducted on 22 October, 2022. Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials with five or more subjects conducted on adult participants (aged >18 years) were included; case reports, case series, and review papers were excluded.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies involving 2829 patients were included, encompassing nine cohort studies, five cross-sectional studies, and one cross-over study. Patients who were female, lost more than 50 pounds (22.7 kg), or were obese prior to weight loss saw improvement in hidradenitis suppurativa severity with weight loss. There was evidence for beneficial effects of diets, such as the Mediterranean diet that minimizes sugar, highly processed carbohydrates, and dairy, and emphasizes chicken, fruits, and vegetables, in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. Evidence also supported benefit from oral zinc and vitamin D supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS
More evidence is needed in the form of randomized controlled trials or well-designed controlled trials to evaluate the effect of exercise and dietary manipulation on the hidradenitis suppurativa disease course. Overall, there is significant but weak evidence to support improvement in hidradenitis suppurativa severity with weight loss, dietary changes, and micronutrient supplementation. There is no significant evidence to support improvement in hidradenitis suppurativa symptomology with any type of exercise intervention.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
This protocol was registered with PROSPERO with the registration number CRD4202235099.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36757580
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00756-w -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023As the most widely used tool for assessing dietary intake, the validity of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) should be evaluated before application. A comprehensive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
As the most widely used tool for assessing dietary intake, the validity of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) should be evaluated before application. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted for publications from January 2000 to April 1, 2020. Pooled estimates were calculated for correlation coefficients and mean differences for energy and 61 nutrients between FFQs and standard methods. The literature search identified 130 articles that included 21,494 participants. Subgroup analyses according to the number of administrations of the reference method, sample size, administration methods, FFQ items, reference periods, quality of the studies, gender, and regions were also performed. We conducted a meta-analysis by summarizing the available evidence to comprehensively assess the validity of FFQs stratified by the reference method type (24-hour recall (24HRs) and food records (FRs). We also performed subgroup analyses to examine the impact on the final summary estimates. After a meta-analysis of the FFQs' validity correlation coefficients of the included studies, this study showed that the range (median) of the validity coefficients of the 24HRs as reference methods was 0.220-0.770 (0.416), and for the FRs, it was 0.173-0.735 (0.373), which indicated that FFQs were suitable to assess the overall dietary intake in nutritional epidemiological studies. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the number of administrations of the reference method, administration mode, number of items, reference periods, sample size, and gender mainly affected the validity correlation of FFQs.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1966737 .
Topics: Humans; Adult; Reproducibility of Results; Food; Epidemiologic Studies; Nutrients; Surveys and Questionnaires; Diet Records; Diet; Energy Intake
PubMed: 34520300
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1966737 -
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly :... Apr 2022This systematic review aimed to identify nutritional interventions and supplements that improve the performance for wheelchair athletes. Intervention trials involving... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to identify nutritional interventions and supplements that improve the performance for wheelchair athletes. Intervention trials involving high-performance wheelchair athletes were analyzed, including those that comprised a nutritional intervention, defined as any intervention related to food, beverages, and supplementation aiming at evaluating the performance of wheelchair athletes. Of the included studies, four evaluated caffeine supplementation, of which one also evaluated sodium citrate supplementation; two studies evaluated vitamin D supplementation; one study assessed creatine monohydrate supplementation; and one assessed carbohydrate supplementation. Most studies were conducted on athletes with spinal cord injury. Athletes who consumed caffeine exhibited an improvement in performance, but this finding is not strong enough to become a recommendation.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Performance; Caffeine; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Para-Athletes
PubMed: 34758458
DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0241 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2024Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and diets in constipation.
AIMS
To investigate the effect of foods, drinks and diets on response to treatment, stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, quality of life, adverse events and compliance in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Studies were identified using electronic databases (12th July 2023). Intervention trials (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non-randomised, uncontrolled) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane 2.0 (RCTs) or JBI Critical Appraisal (uncontrolled trials). Data from RCTs only were synthesised using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs), standardised mean differences (95% CI) using random-effects.
RESULTS
We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high-mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high-fibre diet, no-fibre diet (n = 1). Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25-0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24-0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium. Rye bread resulted in higher stool frequency than white bread (MD: +0.43 BM/week, [0.03-0.83], n = 48). High-mineral water resulted in higher response to treatment than low-mineral water (RR: 1.47, [1.20-1.81], n = 539).
CONCLUSIONS
Fruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation-related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Psyllium; Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Mineral Waters
PubMed: 37905980
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17782 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Sep 2016Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist in a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that share common features with autism, such as impairments in communication and... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist in a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that share common features with autism, such as impairments in communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviors, stereotypies, and a limited repertoire of interests and activities. Some studies have reported that folic acid supplementation could be associated with a higher incidence of autism, and therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies involving relationships between this molecule and ASD. The MEDLINE database was searched for studies written in English which evaluated the relationship between autism and folate. The initial search yielded 60 potentially relevant articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. The agreement between reviewers was κ = 0.808. The articles included in the present study addressed topics related to the prescription of vitamins, the association between folic acid intake/supplementation during pregnancy and the incidence of autism, food intake, and/or nutrient supplementation in children/adolescents with autism, the evaluation of serum nutrient levels, and nutritional interventions targeting ASD. Regarding our main issue, namely the effect of folic acid supplementation, especially in pregnancy, the few and contradictory studies present inconsistent conclusions. Epidemiological associations are not reproduced in most of the other types of studies. Although some studies have reported lower folate levels in patients with ASD, the effects of folate-enhancing interventions on the clinical symptoms have yet to be confirmed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Fetal Development; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Incidence; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25087906
DOI: 10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000142 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Apr 2023Depression is a common mental illness that afflicts over 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite a variety of therapeutic options available, a significant number of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE
Depression is a common mental illness that afflicts over 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite a variety of therapeutic options available, a significant number of depressed patients fail to respond to treatment. Current guidelines for treating depression suggest that supplementation of essential nutrients may be an appropriate adjunctive to treatment, but research investigating full dietary interventions for depressed patients is scarce.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to systematically review published scientific literature investigating full dietary interventions as treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of depression. In doing so, we assessed existing evidence for recommendation of a dietary intervention and reviewed theory of how diet may be important in this context.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted using OVID to search Medline, PsychINFO, and EMBASE, and PubMed for relevant publications. Only studies including full dietary interventions for patients with Major Depressive Episode, Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder, or Dysthymia, as diagnosed using criteria defined in the chapter of "Depressive Disorders" in the DSM, were included.
RESULTS
Only five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All five studies included in this review reported improvements in mood following dietary intervention as compared to the comparison group. However, heterogeneity in both the dietary intervention and the outcome(s) measured made it difficult to compare these studies against each other and to generalize them to larger populations.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this review provide preliminary evidence for the positive impact of dietary interventions in the treatment of depressed patients. However, the mechanism by which particular diets induce positive changes in mood, be it through anti-inflammatory mechanisms or via weight loss in overweight patients, is unclear. Future research investigating the impact of dietary interventions on a large-scale is warranted and needed.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diet; Overweight; Seasonal Affective Disorder
PubMed: 36738997
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.094