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International Journal of Microbiology 2021Antimicrobial resistance especially caused by extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) has become a global public health concern. Globally, these isolates have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance especially caused by extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) has become a global public health concern. Globally, these isolates have remained the most important causes of several infections and associated mortality. Their rapid spread in Ethiopia is associated with a lack of regular surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs. Isolates of ESBL-PE from different regions of Ethiopia were searched exhaustively. However, published data regarding the pooled estimate of ESBL-PE are not conducted in Ethiopia. For this reason, we systematically reviewed laboratory-based studies to summarize the overall pooled prevalence of the isolates recovered from various human specimens.
METHODS
An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research question were identified, screened, and included using the PRISMA follow diagram. Data extraction form was prepared in Microsoft Excel, and data quality was assessed by using 9-point Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Then, data were exported to STATA 16.0 software for analyses of pooled estimation of outcome measures. Estimation of outcome measures at 95% confidence interval was performed using Der-Simonian-Laird's random-effects model. Finally, results were presented via text, figures, and tables.
RESULTS
A comprehensive electronic database literature search has yielded a total of 86 articles. Among the total, 68 original articles were excluded after the review process. A total of 18 studies with 1191 bacterial isolates recovered from 7919 various clinical samples sizes were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. In this study, the pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE was 18% (95% CI: 9-26). Nine out of the total (50%) reviewed articles were studied using the combination disk test. Likewise, and . (50% both) were the predominant isolates of ESBL-PE in addition to other isolates such as spp. and spp.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis has shown a low pooled estimate of ESBL-PE in Ethiopia.
PubMed: 33859697
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669778 -
The Ultrasound Journal May 2023Elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Elevated intracranial pressure (eICP) is a serious medical emergency that requires prompt identification and monitoring. The current gold standards of eICP detection require patient transportation, radiation, and can be invasive. Ocular ultrasound has emerged as a rapid, non-invasive, bedside tool to measure correlates of eICP. This systematic review seeks to explore the utility of ultrasound detected optic disc elevation (ODE) as an ultrasonographic finding of eICP and to study its sensitivity and specificity as a marker of eICP.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for English articles published before April 2023; yielding 1,919 total citations. After eliminating duplicates, and screening the records, we identified 29 articles that addressed ultrasonographically detected ODE.
RESULTS
The 29 articles included a total of 1249 adult and pediatric participants. In patients with papilledema, the mean ODE ranged between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Proposed cutoff values for ODE ranged between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. The majority of studies reported a sensitivity between 70 and 90%, and specificity ranged from 69 to 100%, with a majority of studies reporting a specificity of 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
ODE and ultrasonographic characteristics of the optic disc may aid in differentiating papilledema from other conditions. Further research on ODE elevation and its correlation with other ultrasonographic signs is warranted as a means to increase the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the setting of eICP.
PubMed: 37227512
DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00324-7 -
Microorganisms Mar 2022Beta-lactamase (BL) production is a major public health problem. Although not the most frequent AmpC type, AmpC-BL is increasingly isolated, especially plasmid AmpC-BL...
Beta-lactamase (BL) production is a major public health problem. Although not the most frequent AmpC type, AmpC-BL is increasingly isolated, especially plasmid AmpC-BL (pAmpC-BL). The objective of this study was to review information published to date on pAmpC-BL in and and on the epidemiology and detection methods used by clinical microbiology laboratories, by performing a systematic review using the MEDLINE PubMed database. The predictive capacity of a screening method to detect AmpC-BL using disks with cloxacillin (CLX) was also evaluated by studying 102 clinical isolates grown in CHROMID ESBL medium with the addition of cefepime (FEP), cefoxitin (FOX), ertapenem (ETP), CLX, and oxacillin with CLX. The review, which included 149 publications, suggests that certain risk factors (prolonged hospitalization and previous use of cephalosporins) are associated with infections by pAmpC-BL-producing microorganisms. The worldwide prevalence has increased over the past 10 years, with a positivity rate ranging between 0.1 and 40%, although AmpC was only detected when sought in a targeted manner. CMY-2 type has been the most prevalent pAmpC-BL-producing microorganism. The most frequently used phenotypic method has been the double-disk synergy test (using CLX disks or phenyl-boronic acid and cefotaxime [CTX] and ceftazidime) and the disk method combined with these inhibitors. In regard to screening methods, a 1-µg oxacillin disk with CLX showed 88.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), 98.9% negative predictive value (NPV), and 98.9% validity index (VI). This predictive capacity is reduced with the addition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, showing 62.5% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 93.5% NPV, and 94.1% VI. In conclusion, there has been a worldwide increase in the number of isolates with pAmpC-BL, especially in Asia, with CMY-2 being the most frequently detected pAmpC-BL-producing type of microorganism. Reduction in its spread requires routine screening with a combination of phenotypic methods (with AmpC inhibitors) and genotypic methods (multiplex PCR). In conclusion, the proposed screening technique is an easy-to-apply and inexpensive test for the detection of AmpC-producing isolates in the routine screening of multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
PubMed: 35336186
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030611 -
PloS One 2022Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females globally. The upregulated expression of microRNA-21 in cervical cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, yet given the inconsistency on some of the findings, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the role in disease progression as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-21 in patients with cervical cancer.
METHODS
Literature search was carried out through visiting several electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE/ PubMed Central, Web of Science, Embase, WorldCat, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After extraction, data analysis was carried out using Rev-Man 5.3, STATA 15.0 and Meta-disk 1.4. I2 and meta-bias statistics assessed heterogeneity and publication bias of the included studies, respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve and other diagnostic indexes were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy.
RESULT
A total of 53 studies were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. This study summarized that microRNA-21 targets the expression of numerous genes that regulate their subsequent downstream signaling pathways which promote cervical carcinogenesis. The targets addressed in this study included TNF-α, CCL20, PTEN RasA1, TIMP3, PDCD-4, TPM-1, FASL, BTG-2, GAS-5, and VHL. In addition, the meta-analysis of reports from 6 eligible studies has demonstrated that the overall area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) of microRNA-21 as a diagnostic accuracy index for cervical cancer was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). In addition, evidence from studies revealed that upregulated microRNA-21 led to worsening progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
microRNA-21 is an oncogenic microRNA molecule playing a key role in the development and progression of cervical malignancy. It has good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. In addition, the upregulation of microRNA-21 could predict a worse outcome in terms of prognosis in cervical cancer patients.
Topics: Disease Progression; Female; Humans; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35895593
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268480 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2022Studies reporting alteration in retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been performed in different populations with various degrees of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Studies reporting alteration in retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been performed in different populations with various degrees of refractive error, producing inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the alterations in retinal OCT measurements in myopic and hyperopic patients compared to controls. Evaluation of different retinal layers' thickness may have significance for developing novel approaches for preventing, diagnosing, and treating refractive errors and their complications. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify articles that reported OCT measurements of different retinal layers and regions, including macular, foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal, foveolar, ganglion cell complex (GCC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in addition to macular volume, and optic disc area in myopes and hyperopes comparing their differences with controls. We applied either a fixed-effects or random-effects model for the meta-analysis of these differences based on the assessed heterogeneity level. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and metaregression, as well as publication bias and quality assessment, were conducted for the eligible studies. Forty-seven studies with a total of 12223 eyes, including 8600 cases and 3623 non-cases, are included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that, in comparison to controls, highly myopic eyes had a significantly lower value for mean macular thickness, macular GCC, macular GC-IPL, parafoveal, perifoveal, foveal, foveolar, RNFL, and pRNFL thickness. Compared to controls, moderately myopic eyes showed a significantly thinner mean macular GCC layer and pRNFL. On the other hand, hyperopic eyes had significantly thicker average pRNFL than controls. Several other significant differences were also observed in various regional analyses. The findings of the current study affirm the retinal OCT measurement differences between myopic and hyperopic eyes compared to controls, emphasizing OCT measurements' advantages as potential biomarkers of ocular pathologies.
Topics: Humans; Nerve Fibers; Optic Disk; Refractive Errors; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34343537
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.07.007 -
International Journal of Infectious... Dec 2022This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance (AR) profiles of Campylobacter spp. isolated from animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa based on available published data.
METHODS
Original articles published from January 1, 1990 to January 1, 2021 were searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Africa Index Medicus, Scopus, and African Journal Online databases. Data were analyzed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3.0).
RESULTS
After screening, articles on animals (n = 25), humans (n = 7), environment (n = 3), animals/environment (n = 2), and a (n = 1) study on animals, humans, and the environment were included in this review. The pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) were 28.8%, 16.4%, and 28.4% in animals, humans, and the environment, respectively. The Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species were commonly isolated from humans, animals, and the environment in South Africa. The AR profiles were screened from 2032 Campylobacter spp., with the highest PPE of AR observed against clindamycin (76.9%) and clarithromycin (76.5%). Campylobacter isolates tested with the disk diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration methods recorded an overall AR prevalence of 35.3% and 37.1%, respectively, whereas multidrug resistance PPE was 35.3%.
CONCLUSION
Regular surveillance of Campylobacter spp. prevalence and its antimicrobial resistance strains is recommended, as well as the formulation of a "One Health" approach for better management and control of Campylobacter spp. infection in South Africa.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Campylobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; South Africa; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Campylobacter Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Campylobacter jejuni
PubMed: 36336247
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.042 -
Journal of Craniovertebral Junction &... 2022Lumbar spinal degenerative disease (LSDD), unresponsive to conservative therapy, is commonly treated by surgical decompression and interbody fusion. Since facet joint... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Lumbar spinal degenerative disease (LSDD), unresponsive to conservative therapy, is commonly treated by surgical decompression and interbody fusion. Since facet joint incompetence has been suggested as responsible for the entire phenomenon of spinal degeneration, facet stabilization can be considered as an alternative technique to treat symptomatic spinal degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies utilizing lumbar facet joint fixation techniques for LSDD to assess their safety and efficacy.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, with no limits in terms of date of publication. Demographic data, inclusion criteria, clinical and radiological outcome, frequency of adverse events (AEs), and follow-up time were evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies were included with a total of 1577 patients. The techniques used for facet arthrodesis were Goel intra-articular spacers in 21 patients (5.3%), Facet Wedge in 198 patients (15.8%), facet screws fixation techniques in 1062 patients (52.6%), and facet joints arthroplasty in 296 patients (26.3%). Clinical outcomes were assessed through the evaluation of pain relief and improvement in functional outcome. Radiological outcomes were assessed by the evaluation of proper positioning of instrumentation, solid bony fusion rate, and preservation of disk height. AE's mainly observed were pseudoarthrosis, reoperation, instrumentation displacement/malpositioning/migration, neurological impairment, deep vein thrombosis, and infections. The mean follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 11.7 years.
CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate that facet joint arthrodesis appears to be effective in managing LSDD. These findings, however, are limited by the small sample size of patients. Accordingly, larger series are needed before formal recommendations can be made.
PubMed: 36777906
DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_112_22 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Feb 2024To assess fetal and neonatal eyes abnormalities and their progression during the last ZIKV outbreak and summarize learned lessons. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess fetal and neonatal eyes abnormalities and their progression during the last ZIKV outbreak and summarize learned lessons.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by a team of obstetricians and ophthalmologists.
RESULTS
Studies reporting ocular abnormalities during the prenatal ( = 5) and postnatal ( = 24) periods were included in the analysis. In the prenatal period, the most common ocular findings were intraocular calcification cases (4/6, 66.6%) and microphthalmia (3/6, 50%). Postnatal ocular abnormalities of congenital ZIKV infection were described after birth in 479 cases. Among them microphthalmia was reported in 13 cases (13/479, 2.7%). Posterior segment (retina and optic nerve) was the most affected structure, consisting of pigmentary changes (229/479, 47.8%), macular chorioretinal atrophy (216/479, 45%), optic nerve atrophy (181/479, 37.8%), increased cup-to-disk ratio (190/479, 39.6.%), optic nerve hypoplasia (93/479,19.4%), vascular changes (26/479, 5.4%), and retinal coloboma (20/479, 4.1%). The anterior segment was involved in 4.6% (22/479) of cases, including cataract (9/479, 1.8%), lens subluxation (1/479, 0.2%), iris coloboma (5/479, 1%), and congenital glaucoma (7/479, 1.4%). These ocular anomalies were isolated in one case (1/479, 0.2%) and multiple anomalies were found in the other cases. Long-term visual disorders have been described, with no possible improvement and even a worsening of some of the ocular anomalies previously observed. No reactivation of ocular lesions was observed.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the severe ocular abnormalities associated with congenital ZIKV infections. The importance of multidisciplinary communication between the obstetrician, the maternal-fetal medicine specialist, and the ophthalmologist is emphasized.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration440 188.
PubMed: 38350011
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2314086 -
PM & R : the Journal of Injury,... Nov 2017To assess the evidence of association between atherosclerosis and low back pain (LBP). TYPE: Focused systematic review. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the evidence of association between atherosclerosis and low back pain (LBP). TYPE: Focused systematic review.
LITERATURE SURVEY
PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for original research articles, not limited by language, from January 1, 1990, to October 31, 2016.
METHODOLOGY
Titles and then abstracts were identified using predefined search terms and excluded based on lack of relevancy. This was followed by full-text reviews. Two authors independently assessed methodological quality based on Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
SYNTHESIS
A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was low to moderate. There was significant heterogeneity across articles with respect to methodology. There was insufficient evidence to support an association between ischemia and low back pain.
CONCLUSIONS
The cause of LBP remains poorly understood. Better insight into how intervertebral disk changes relate to LBP is needed to guide future research. High-quality prospective studies are needed to answer the question of whether atherosclerosis is a risk factor for LBP.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Low Back Pain
PubMed: 28461227
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.007 -
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 2023Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent non-dental origin orofacial pain conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and/or orofacial... (Review)
Review
The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Temporomandibular Pain and Functions in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review of the Current Randomized Controlled Trials.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent non-dental origin orofacial pain conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and/or orofacial muscles. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a conservative way to improve function and reduce symptoms in TMD patients. This systematic review was conducted to update evidence about the effects of PBMT on pain intensity, TMJ movements, electromyography (EMG) activity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and TMJ sound in patients with TMDs. A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus databases using appropriate keywords and specific strategies from January 2000 to September 2022. Data extraction was done based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 40 studies were included. All included studies except one provided information on pain intensity; 27 studies showed a reduction in pain intensity in PBMT groups compared to control groups. Seven out of 15 studies, which reported maximum mouth opening (MMO), showed a greater MMO in PBMT groups than in placebo groups. In addition, the figures for passive maximum mouth opening (PMMO) and active maximum mouth opening (AMMO) in all the studies reporting PMMO and AMMO were higher in PBMT groups. In eight out of ten studies, lateral movement (LM) was greater in PBMT groups. Moreover, in three studies out of four, protrusive movement (PM) was reported to be greater in the PBMT group. Four out of nine studies showed a greater PPT in the PBMT group. Reduced TMJ sounds in the PBMT group were reported in two out of five studies. In addition, in most studies, no difference in EMG activity was detected between the two groups. This updated systematic review showed the promising effects of PBMT on the alleviation of pain and improvement in MMO. Using the infrared diode laser with a wavelength ranging between 780-980 nm, an energy density of<100 J/ cm, and an output power of≤500 mW for at least six sessions of treatment seems to be a promising option for treating mentioned TMDs signs and symptoms based on the previously reported findings.
PubMed: 37744015
DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.24