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Neuropsychology Feb 2023Sport concussion is a common injury, and athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD) are at increased risk and require... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Sport concussion is a common injury, and athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or learning disorder (LD) are at increased risk and require specialized attention in clinical settings. Although systematic reviews of the relationship between ADHD/LD and concussion are reported in the literature, these reviews do not include quantitative syntheses. Additionally, no reviews have focused on the most commonly utilized concussion assessment, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). The current review provides an update of sport concussion assessment in athletes with ADHD and/or LD from 2000 to 2021 on these topics: baseline and postconcussion performance on ImPACT, baseline and postconcussion symptom reporting using the Postconcussion Symptom Scale, invalid baseline classification on ImPACT, and self-reported history of concussion.
METHOD
Meta-analyses were conducted on baseline ImPACT performance, symptom reporting, invalid baseline classification, and concussion rates. Thirty-four studies were included in systematic review and 19 were included in meta-analyses.
RESULTS
Decreased baseline performance was found for athletes with ADHD (trivial to small effects), LD (small-to-medium effects), and ADHD/LD (small-to-medium effects). Increased baseline symptom reporting was found for athletes with ADHD (small effect). Increased odds of invalid baseline performance (trivial effect) and self-reported concussion history (small effect) were found in ADHD.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide the first quantitative synthesis of the literature in this area. It is recommended that future research further examines these topics in athletes with LD and co-occurring ADHD/LD (given the focus on ADHD), as well as the effects that all of these conditions may have on concussion recovery and return-to-play decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Athletic Injuries; Self Report; Brain Concussion; Learning Disabilities; Athletes; Neuropsychological Tests; Schools; Post-Concussion Syndrome
PubMed: 36442003
DOI: 10.1037/neu0000870 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2021Evaluating cases of reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome...
Evaluating cases of reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individuals tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reinfection; SARS-CoV-2; Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 34370705
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0365