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Biological Research For Nursing Jan 2020Eating disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiology and maintenance of eating-disorder symptoms are not well understood. Evidence suggests...
BACKGROUND
Eating disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiology and maintenance of eating-disorder symptoms are not well understood. Evidence suggests that there may be gustatory alterations in patients with eating disorders.
OBJECTIVE
This article systematically reviews research assessing gustatory differences in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED).
METHOD
A systematic review was performed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, examining taste and eating disorders. We reviewed electronic databases and identified 1,490 peer-reviewed English-language studies. Of these, 49 met inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Studies employed psychophysical measures ( = 27), self-reported questionnaires ( = 5), and neuroimaging techniques (i.e., electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging; = 17). Psychophysical studies showed that individuals with BN, in general, had greater preference for sweetness than healthy controls, and those with AN had a greater aversion for fat than controls. In neuroimaging studies, findings suggested that predictable administration of sweet-taste stimuli was associated with reduced activation in taste-reward regions of the brain among individuals with AN (e.g., insula, ventral, and dorsal striatum) but increased activation in BN and BED.
DISCUSSION
To our knowledge, this systematic review is the first to synthesize literature on taste differences in AN, BN, and BED. The inconsistency and variability in methods used across studies increased difficulties in comparing studies and disease processes. Further studies with well-defined population parameters are warranted to better understand how taste varies in patients with eating disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Brain; Bulimia Nervosa; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taste; Young Adult
PubMed: 31833410
DOI: 10.1177/1099800419872824 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European... Jan 2018The aim of this study was to analyse lunate fractures and any associated osseo-ligamentous injuries. A systematic review identified 34 cases. We identified carpal...
The aim of this study was to analyse lunate fractures and any associated osseo-ligamentous injuries. A systematic review identified 34 cases. We identified carpal instabilities at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in volar and dorsal directions. Radiocarpal instabilities (10/34) were usually dorsoradial (8/10), with a transverse lunate fracture, best seen on a coronal image. Midcarpal instabilities (24/34) were usually volar (14/18), with a volar lunate shear fracture, best seen on a sagittal image. Instabilities were sub-classified into non-displaced, subluxated and dislocated. Associated fractures of the scaphoid and the radial and ulnar styloid processes were common. Lunate fractures without subluxation or dislocation had good outcomes with cast immobilization or fixation of associated fractures. Lunate fracture-subluxations are unstable injuries that are best managed with fixation of the carpal fractures. Lunate fracture-dislocations are complex injuries, requiring stabilization of the lunate, associated fractures and ligament injuries; complications are common and acute or delayed salvage procedures may be required.
Topics: Carpal Joints; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Joint Instability; Lunate Bone; Wrist Joint
PubMed: 29132239
DOI: 10.1177/1753193417740850 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Nov 2017To conduct a systematic review and evaluate the quality of evidence for interventions to prevent hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP). (Review)
Review
AIM
To conduct a systematic review and evaluate the quality of evidence for interventions to prevent hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
METHOD
A systematic review was performed using American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Searches were completed in seven electronic databases. Studies were included if participants had CP and the effectiveness of the intervention was reported using a radiological measure. Results of orthopaedic surgical interventions were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (4 botulinum neurotoxin A; 2 botulinum neurotoxin A and bracing; 1 complementary and alternative medicine; 1 intrathecal baclofen; 1 obturator nerve block; 8 positioning; 7 selective dorsal rhizotomy). There was significant variability in treatment dosages, participant characteristics, and duration of follow-up among the studies. Overall, the level of evidence was low. No intervention in this review demonstrated a large treatment effect on hip displacement.
INTERPRETATION
The level and quality of evidence for all interventions aimed at slowing or preventing hip displacement is low. There is currently insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of the identified interventions to prevent hip displacement or dislocation in children and young people with CP.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
High-quality evidence on prevention of hip displacement is lacking. No recommendations can be made for preventing hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy because of poor-quality evidence. High-quality, prospective, longitudinal studies investigating the impact of interventions on hip displacement are required.
Topics: Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Braces; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Complementary Therapies; Databases, Factual; Hip Dislocation; Humans; Nerve Block; Neuromuscular Agents; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Rhizotomy
PubMed: 28574172
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13480 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Nov 2022Distally based dorsal metacarpal flaps for the reconstruction of finger soft-tissue defects are classified into 3 categories: dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Distally based dorsal metacarpal flaps for the reconstruction of finger soft-tissue defects are classified into 3 categories: dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap, reverse dorsal metacarpal artery (RDMA) flap, and extended reverse dorsal metacarpal artery (ERDMA) flap. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate differences in the outcomes of commonly encountered defects and postoperative complications among these three flaps.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from when the flats were first reported to May 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis for each outcome was performed, and 24 studies were included in the analysis.
RESULTS
Dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flaps were mainly used for defects extending to the proximal interphalangeal joint (n = 62 [29.1%]) and proximal phalanx (n = 85 [39.9%]). Conversely, defects extending to the distal phalanx (n = 24 [43.6%]) were mostly reconstructed using the ERDMA flap. The rate of venous congestion was highest for the ERDMA flap (29.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.2% to 65.1%; I2 = 0%) and lowest for RDMA flap (8.1%; 95% CI, -5.9% to 21.7%; I2 = 0%). The RDMA flap showed the lowest rate of any short-term complications, including partial and total necrosis (6.6%; 95% CI, -6.8% to 19.8%; I2 = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review demonstrated that the dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap was suitable for reconstruction proximal to the middle phalanx, and the ERDMA flap was suitable for reconstruction distal to the distal interphalangeal joint. Although the RDMA flap showed the lowest rate of short-term complications and limited analysis was secondary to limited data available, these occurred in 6.6% to 10.9% of distally based dorsal metacarpal flaps.
Topics: Humans; Metacarpal Bones; Finger Injuries; Surgical Flaps; Soft Tissue Injuries; Fingers; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35703249
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003208 -
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer Jun 2016Schwannomas, although common in the head and limbs, are an exceedingly rare tumor of the penis. We conducted a systematic review to include 33 patients with schwannoma... (Review)
Review
Schwannomas, although common in the head and limbs, are an exceedingly rare tumor of the penis. We conducted a systematic review to include 33 patients with schwannoma of the penile shaft or glans penis. Most patients presented with a single painless nodule on the dorsal aspect of the penile shaft. These nodules were slow growing, with an average of 62 months from the onset to presentation. Several cases were accompanied by sexual dysfunction. Most histologic studies were consistent, with a benign schwannoma that showed a palisading Antoni A and Antoni B pattern without malignant changes in cell morphology. Of the 14 studies in which a history of genetic disease was investigated, only 2 reported a connection to neurofibromatosis. These tumors were treated with surgical excision, and 4 malignant cases received additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. All the patients had achieved full remission by the final follow-up examination. Given the rarity of this tumor, the present review of available case studies serves to comprehensively describe the clinical presentation and treatment approaches to penile schwannoma.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Neurilemmoma; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26797586
DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.12.018 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2022Electromagnetic fields are emerging as a therapeutic option for patients with spasticity. They have been applied at brain or peripheral level. The effects of... (Review)
Review
Electromagnetic fields are emerging as a therapeutic option for patients with spasticity. They have been applied at brain or peripheral level. The effects of electromagnetic fields applied to the brain have been extensively studied for years in spasticity, but not so at the peripheral level. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to analyze the effects of electromagnetic fields, applied peripherally to spasticity. A systematic review was conducted resulting in 10 clinical trials. The frequency ranged from 1 Hz to 150 Hz, with 25 Hz being the most commonly used and the intensity it was gradually increased but there was low homogeneity in how it was increased. Positive results on spasticity were found in 80% of the studies: improvements in stretch reflex threshold, self questionnaire about difficulties related to spasticity, clinical spasticity score, performance scale, Ashworth scale, spastic tone, Hmax/Mmax Ratio and active and passive dorsal flexion. However, results must be taken with caution due to the large heterogeneity and the small number of articles. In future studies, it would be interesting to agree on the parameters to be used, as well as the way of assessing spasticity, to be more objective in the study of their effectiveness.
PubMed: 35807019
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133739 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European... Nov 2019Dorsal lesions in Dupuytren's disease are rare and data concerning their epidemiology and management are sparse. We conducted a systematic review to summarize reported...
Dorsal lesions in Dupuytren's disease are rare and data concerning their epidemiology and management are sparse. We conducted a systematic review to summarize reported cases of dorsal Dupuytren's disease. Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from 1893 to 2018, and 17 articles were selected (525 patients). The male to female ratio was 3.8:1. The dorsal disease was bilateral in 225 patients (50%). The index was the most commonly affected finger (48 patients). The proximal interphalangeal joint was the most commonly affected (484 cases). The most frequently reported lesions were knuckle pads (503 patients), dorsal nodules between interphalangeal joints (14 patients), boutonnière deformities (12 patients), and swan-neck deformities (2 patients). Nearly half of the included patients were treated surgically. Postoperative functional result depended on the treated lesion. Most of the included studies had a low level of evidence. Higher-quality studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
Topics: Dupuytren Contracture; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 31184950
DOI: 10.1177/1753193419852171 -
Expert Review of Medical Devices Jul 2015In recent years, software development has been key to the next generation of neuromodulation devices. In this review, we will describe the new strategies for electrical... (Review)
Review
In recent years, software development has been key to the next generation of neuromodulation devices. In this review, we will describe the new strategies for electrical waveform delivery for spinal cord stimulation. A systematic literature review was performed using bibliographic databases, limited to the English language and human data, between 2010 and 2014. The literature search yielded three articles on burst stimulation and four articles on high-frequency stimulation. High-frequency and burst stimulation may offer advantages over tonic stimulation, as data suggest improved patient tolerance, comparable increase in function and possible success with a subset of patients refractory to tonic spinal cord stimulation. High-frequency and burst stimulation are new ways to deliver energy to the spinal cord that may offer advantages over tonic stimulation. These may offer new salvage strategies to mitigate spinal cord stimulation failure and improve cost-effectiveness by reducing explant rate.
Topics: Humans; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Stimulation
PubMed: 25846152
DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.1026805 -
Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand... 2023Local anesthesia is an effective method to perform digital nerve blocks. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of single-volar subcutaneous and double-dorsal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparison of the effectiveness of local anesthesia for the digital block between single-volar subcutaneous and double-dorsal finger injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.
Local anesthesia is an effective method to perform digital nerve blocks. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of single-volar subcutaneous and double-dorsal injection through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 7 April 2021 was performed. RCTs with the effects of single-volar subcutaneous and double-dorsal injection were eligible. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect models with pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RoB 2.0 and GRADE of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria were applied for evaluating the bias. A total of 2484 studies were initially identified, with 11 eligible RCTs finally included in the meta-analysis (1363 patients). The pooled data of nine studies showed single-volar injection had a statistically significantly lower pain score (pooled SMD: 0.20, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.39, = 0.041, I2 = 58%, = 1187) and higher patient preference but invalid anesthesia at the dorsal proximal digit. No significant differences were observed in the onset of anesthesia, adjacent digit invalid numbness, distal phalanx invalid anesthesia, additional injection rate, and adverse effects. In conclusion, this meta-analysis of RCTs showed that the single-volar injection was associated with a lower pain sensation during injection and higher patient satisfaction with a reduced anesthetic effect over the proximal dorsal phalanx. Further high-quality RCTs with a higher number of cases are needed to validate our results.
Topics: Humans; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Injections, Subcutaneous; Fingers; Pain
PubMed: 35522838
DOI: 10.1080/2000656X.2022.2070177 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Oct 2022The flaps in the trapezius region are routinely elevated as musculocutaneous flaps. The anatomy of trapezius perforators and their clinical application are unclear.
BACKGROUND
The flaps in the trapezius region are routinely elevated as musculocutaneous flaps. The anatomy of trapezius perforators and their clinical application are unclear.
METHODS
The number and distribution of superficial cervical artery perforators (SCAPs) and dorsal scapular artery perforators (DSAPs) were studied on 8 cadavers. The clinical usage of SCAP and DSAP flaps was investigated through a systematic literature review.
RESULTS
A total of 27 SCAPs and 28 DSAPs were found in the 16 hemibacks. The mean calibers of SCAP and DSAP were 0.9 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The vascular length to the takeoff of the source artery was 7.3 ± 2.0 cm (range, 4.7-9.7 cm) for SCAPs and was 8.1 ± 2.8 cm (range, 3.2-13.6 cm) for DSAPs. Contour and density heat maps showed that the SCAPs were clustered within approximately 3 to 5 cm above the horizontal line through the medial point of the scapular spine (x-axis) and 5 to 8 cm from the midline (y-axis, P = 0.001) and clustered DSAPs located in approximately 4 to 9 cm below the x-axis and 4 to 10 cm from the y-axis ( P = 0.002). Four SCAP and 19 DSAP flaps were found in literature. The mean sizes of SCAP flaps and DSAP flaps were 18.5 × 7.8 and 16.5 × 8.7 cm, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Both SCAP and DSAP flaps can be elevated with a relatively long pedicle. The anatomical knowledge of the location of major clusters of perforators contributes to the application of these flaps.
Topics: Arteries; Cadaver; Humans; Neck; Perforator Flap; Superficial Back Muscles
PubMed: 35502939
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003192