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Biological Trace Element Research Jan 2023To date, no study has critically reviewed the current literature on the association between magnesium (Mg) and sleep health. Therefore, we carried out a systematic...
To date, no study has critically reviewed the current literature on the association between magnesium (Mg) and sleep health. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review to assess the association between Mg and sleep patterns in adults' population through observational and interventional studies. We searched for relevant studies through PubMed ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed ), Scopus ( http://www.scopus.com ), and ISI Web of Science ( http://www.webofscience.com ) from the earliest available date until November 2021. Eligibility criteria for study selection were guided by the following components identified using the PI(E)CO (Population, Intervention (Exposure), Comparison, Outcome) framework: P (adult population), I(E) (high dietary intake or supplementation of Mg), C (low dietary intake of Mg or placebo group), and O (sleep pattern including sleep duration, sleep-onset latency, night awakenings, sleep stages, and sleep phases). The present study involved 7,582 subjects from 9 published cross-sectional, cohort, and RCT systematically reviewed the possible links between Mg and sleep quality (daytime falling asleep, sleepiness, snoring, and sleep duration) in an adult population. Observational studies suggested an association between Mg statuses and sleep quality, while the RCTs reported contradictory findings. This systematic review revealed an association between magnesium status and sleep quality (daytime falling asleep, sleepiness, snoring, and sleep duration) according to the observational studies, while the randomized clinical trials showed an uncertain association between magnesium supplementation and sleep disorders. The association between dietary magnesium and sleep patterns needs well-designed randomized clinical trials with a larger sample size and longer follow-up time (more than 12 weeks) to further clarify the relationship.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Magnesium; Snoring; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleepiness; Sleep
PubMed: 35184264
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03162-1 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2023The consumption of caffeine in response to insufficient sleep may impair the onset and maintenance of subsequent sleep. This systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The consumption of caffeine in response to insufficient sleep may impair the onset and maintenance of subsequent sleep. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of caffeine on the characteristics of night-time sleep, with the intent to identify the time after which caffeine should not be consumed prior to bedtime. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken with 24 studies included in the analysis. Caffeine consumption reduced total sleep time by 45 min and sleep efficiency by 7%, with an increase in sleep onset latency of 9 min and wake after sleep onset of 12 min. Duration (+6.1 min) and proportion (+1.7%) of light sleep (N1) increased with caffeine intake and the duration (-11.4 min) and proportion (-1.4%) of deep sleep (N3 and N4) decreased with caffeine intake. To avoid reductions in total sleep time, coffee (107 mg per 250 mL) should be consumed at least 8.8 h prior to bedtime and a standard serve of pre-workout supplement (217.5 mg) should be consumed at least 13.2 h prior to bedtime. The results of the present study provide evidence-based guidance for the appropriate consumption of caffeine to mitigate the deleterious effects on sleep.
Topics: Humans; Caffeine; Sleep; Polysomnography; Coffee; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 36870101
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764 -
JAMACannabis and cannabinoid drugs are widely used to treat disease or alleviate symptoms, but their efficacy for specific indications is not clear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
IMPORTANCE
Cannabis and cannabinoid drugs are widely used to treat disease or alleviate symptoms, but their efficacy for specific indications is not clear.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of the benefits and adverse events (AEs) of cannabinoids.
DATA SOURCES
Twenty-eight databases from inception to April 2015.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials of cannabinoids for the following indications: nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, appetite stimulation in HIV/AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity due to multiple sclerosis or paraplegia, depression, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, psychosis, glaucoma, or Tourette syndrome.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Where possible, data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Patient-relevant/disease-specific outcomes, activities of daily living, quality of life, global impression of change, and AEs.
RESULTS
A total of 79 trials (6462 participants) were included; 4 were judged at low risk of bias. Most trials showed improvement in symptoms associated with cannabinoids but these associations did not reach statistical significance in all trials. Compared with placebo, cannabinoids were associated with a greater average number of patients showing a complete nausea and vomiting response (47% vs 20%; odds ratio [OR], 3.82 [95% CI, 1.55-9.42]; 3 trials), reduction in pain (37% vs 31%; OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.99-2.00]; 8 trials), a greater average reduction in numerical rating scale pain assessment (on a 0-10-point scale; weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.46 [95% CI, -0.80 to -0.11]; 6 trials), and average reduction in the Ashworth spasticity scale (WMD, -0.36 [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.05]; 7 trials). There was an increased risk of short-term AEs with cannabinoids, including serious AEs. Common AEs included dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, somnolence, euphoria, vomiting, disorientation, drowsiness, confusion, loss of balance, and hallucination.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
There was moderate-quality evidence to support the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic pain and spasticity. There was low-quality evidence suggesting that cannabinoids were associated with improvements in nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, weight gain in HIV infection, sleep disorders, and Tourette syndrome. Cannabinoids were associated with an increased risk of short-term AEs.
Topics: Anorexia; Cannabinoids; Chronic Pain; Glaucoma; Humans; Medical Marijuana; Mental Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Nausea; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tourette Syndrome
PubMed: 26103030
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.6358 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Feb 2017Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. It is readily available in coffee and other foods and beverages, and is used to mitigate... (Review)
Review
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. It is readily available in coffee and other foods and beverages, and is used to mitigate sleepiness, enhance performance, and treat apnea in premature infants. This review systematically explores evidence from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials as to whether coffee and caffeine have deleterious effects on sleep. Caffeine typically prolonged sleep latency, reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and worsened perceived sleep quality. Slow-wave sleep and electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity were typically reduced, whereas stage-1, wakefulness, and arousals were increased. Dose- and timing-response relationships were established. The sleep of older adults may be more sensitive to caffeine compared to younger adults. Pronounced individual differences are also present in young people, and genetic studies isolated functional polymorphisms of genes implicated in adenosine neurotransmission and metabolism contributing to individual sensitivity to sleep disruption by caffeine. Most studies were conducted in male adults of Western countries, which limits the generalizability of the findings. Given the importance of good sleep for general health and functioning, longitudinal investigations aimed at establishing possible causal relationships among coffee- and caffeine-induced changes in sleep quality and health development are warranted.
Topics: Age Factors; Caffeine; Coffee; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Stages; Wakefulness
PubMed: 26899133
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Sleep quality is an important clinical construct since it is increasingly common for people to complain about poor sleep quality and its impact on daytime functioning....
Sleep quality is an important clinical construct since it is increasingly common for people to complain about poor sleep quality and its impact on daytime functioning. Moreover, poor sleep quality can be an important symptom of many sleep and medical disorders. However, objective measures of sleep quality, such as polysomnography, are not readily available to most clinicians in their daily routine, and are expensive, time-consuming, and impractical for epidemiological and research studies., Several self-report questionnaires have, however, been developed. The present review aims to address their psychometric properties, construct validity, and factorial structure while presenting, comparing, and discussing the measurement properties of these sleep quality questionnaires. A systematic literature search, from 2008 to 2020, was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, with predefined search terms. In total, 49 articles were analyzed from the 5734 articles found. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the following are reported: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), SLEEP-50 Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). As the most frequently used subjective measurement of sleep quality, the PSQI reported good internal reliability and validity; however, different factorial structures were found in a variety of samples, casting doubt on the usefulness of total score in detecting poor and good sleepers. The sleep disorder scales (AIS, ISI, MSQ, JSS, LSEQ and SLEEP-50) reported good psychometric properties; nevertheless, AIS and ISI reported a variety of factorial models whereas LSEQ and SLEEP-50 appeared to be less useful for epidemiological and research settings due to the length of the questionnaires and their scoring. The MSQ and JSS seemed to be inexpensive and easy to administer, complete, and score, but further validation studies are needed. Finally, the ESS had good internal consistency and construct validity, while the main challenges were in its factorial structure, known-group difference and estimation of reliable cut-offs. Overall, the self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality from different perspectives have good psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent/divergent validity with sleep, psychological, and socio-demographic variables. However, a clear definition of the factor model underlying the tools is recommended and reliable cut-off values should be indicated in order for clinicians to discriminate poor and good sleepers.
Topics: Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33530453
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031082 -
Cureus Dec 2022Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in older adults, mainly due to several age-related risk factors. Symptoms of UTI are atypical in the elderly population, like... (Review)
Review
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in older adults, mainly due to several age-related risk factors. Symptoms of UTI are atypical in the elderly population, like hypotension, tachycardia, urinary incontinence, poor appetite, drowsiness, frequent falls, and delirium. UTI manifests more commonly and specifically for this age group as delirium or confusion in the absence of a fever. This systematic review aims to highlight the relationship between UTI and delirium in the elderly population by understanding the pathologies individually and collectively. A systematic review is conducted by searching PubMed with regular keywords and major Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) keywords, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies based on male and female human populations above the age of 65 in the English language, available in full text published between 2017 and 2022. However, the exclusion criteria were animal studies, clinical trials, literature published before 2017, and papers published in any other language except English. A total of 106 articles were identified, and nine final studies were selected after a quality assessment, following which a valid relationship between delirium and UTI was identified in this systematic review.
PubMed: 36632270
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32321 -
Revista de Neurologia Jul 2020University students tend to suffer from problems of sleep regularity, quantity and quality, which can affect their academic performance. These problems are related to...
INTRODUCTION
University students tend to suffer from problems of sleep regularity, quantity and quality, which can affect their academic performance. These problems are related to changes typical of the phase of the life cycle in which they find themselves due to maturational, psychosocial development (associated with the processes of individuation and socialisation) and academic factors. The study of the relationship between sleep and academic performance in university students is an area of research of growing interest, which has started to be studied over the last two decades.
AIM
To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on the relationship between sleep and academic performance in university students.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The articles included in the PubMed database were selected, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating samples of subjects with an average age between 18 and 26 years, published in English or Spanish during the period 2000-2019 were included. Subsequently, the quality of the selected articles was evaluated according to the STROBE standard.
RESULTS
Thirty studies were identified, which were grouped according to different aspects of sleep: drowsiness, duration, experience of total sleep deprivation, sleep quality, chronotype, regularity and sleep disorders.
CONCLUSION
The results of these studies suggest that inadequate sleep has a negative effect on the academic performance of university students.
Topics: Academic Success; Adolescent; Adult; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Female; Humans; Male; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep Hygiene; Sleep Wake Disorders; Spain; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 32627159
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7102.2020015 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2020Sleep disruption severely impairs learning ability, affecting academic performance in students. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sleep disruption severely impairs learning ability, affecting academic performance in students. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the prevalence of sleep disruption in medical students and its relationship with academic performance. PubMed, Web of Sciences, EBSCO and SciELO databases searches allowed to retrieve 41 papers with data about the prevalence of sleep deprivation, 20 of which also contained data on its association with academic performance. Poor sleep quality was reported by 5646 out of 14,170 students in 29 studies (39.8%, 95% confidence interval = 39.0-40.6%), insufficient sleep duration by 3762/12,906 students in 28 studies (29.1%, 23.3-29.9%) and excessive diurnal sleepiness by 1324/3688 students in 13 studies (35.9%, 34.3-37.4). Academic grades correlated significantly with sleep quality scores (r, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.05-0.26, random-effects model; p = 0.002, n = 10,420 subjects, k = 15 studies) and diurnal sleepiness (r = -0.12, -0.19/-0.06 under the fixed effects model, p < 0.001, n = 1539, k = 6), but not with sleep duration (r = 0.03, -0.12/0.17 under the random-effects model, p = 0.132, n = 2469, k = 9). These findings advocate for an urgent intervention aiming at improving sleep quality among medical students as a way of increasing academic achievements and, ultimately, the quality of health care.
Topics: Academic Success; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Sleep Deprivation; Students, Medical
PubMed: 32485517
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101333 -
Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 2017While trazodone is approved for the treatment of depression, the off-label use of this medication for insomnia has surpassed its usage as an antidepressant. In this... (Review)
Review
While trazodone is approved for the treatment of depression, the off-label use of this medication for insomnia has surpassed its usage as an antidepressant. In this systematic review, we examined the evidence for the efficacy and safety of trazodone for insomnia. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed databases from the past 33 years (1983-2016) and the keywords insomnia, trazodone, sedative, treatment, and hypnotics. The results were restricted to English language and human subjects. All randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, observational studies, and placebo-controlled trials regarding trazodone for the treatment of primary or secondary insomnia were reported, per PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The study selection process yielded a total of 45 studies. Evidence for the efficacy of trazodone has been repeatedly demonstrated for primary insomnia, as well as secondary insomnia, including for symptoms that are a result of depression, dementia, and being a healthy man. Earlier studies (1980-2000) focused on utilizing trazodone at high doses (≥100mg/d) for the treatment of insomnia among the depressed population; however, since the 2000s, the utility of trazodone has been expanded to treat secondary insomnia among the non-depressed population as well. The side effects are dose-dependent, and the most common is drowsiness. A review of the literature suggests that there are adequate data supporting the efficacy and general safety of the low-dose use of trazodone for the treatment of insomnia.
PubMed: 29552421
DOI: No ID Found -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Aug 2018Sleep disturbances and dementia are two common and significant health problems in older adults. Investigations suggest that sleep disturbances might increase the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sleep disturbances and dementia are two common and significant health problems in older adults. Investigations suggest that sleep disturbances might increase the risk of dementia. The aim of the present study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the predictive roles of overall sleep disturbances, their subtypes (e.g., insomnia, sleep disordered breathing [SDB]), and other sleep problems (e.g., excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-related movement disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, and nonspecific sleep problems) in incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia subtypes. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, EMBase, ISI Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases for longitudinal studies that were published up to October 28, 2016. A total of 12,926 papers were retrieved. Eighteen longitudinal studies that included 246,786 subjects at baseline and 25,847 dementia cases after an average 9.49 y of follow-up were eligible for inclusion. Compared with individuals without sleep disturbances, subjects who reported sleep disturbances had a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia. The subgroup analysis showed that insomnia increased the risk of AD but not vascular or all-cause dementia. In contrast, SDB was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia. This meta-analysis suggests that sleep disturbances may predict the risk of incident dementia. Moreover, insomnia was associated only with incident AD, and SDB was a risk factor of all-cause dementia, AD, and vascular dementia. However, sleep disturbances were evaluated mainly based on self-reports, and some confounders may mediate the relationship between sleep disturbances and dementia. Therefore, the results should be further validated. In summary, these findings may help identify individuals who are at risk for dementia and optimize early prevention strategies.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 28890168
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.010