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Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Asynclitism, the most feared malposition of the fetal head during labor, still represents to date an unresolved field of interest, remaining one of the most common... (Review)
Review
Asynclitism, the most feared malposition of the fetal head during labor, still represents to date an unresolved field of interest, remaining one of the most common causes of prolonged or obstructed labor, dystocia, assisted delivery, and cesarean section. Traditionally asynclitism is diagnosed by vaginal examination, which is, however, burdened by a high grade of bias. On the contrary, the recent scientific evidence highly suggests the use of intrapartum ultrasonography, which would be more accurate and reliable when compared to the vaginal examination for malposition assessment. The early detection and characterization of asynclitism by intrapartum ultrasound would become a valid tool for intrapartum evaluation. In this way, it will be possible for physicians to opt for the safest way of delivery according to an accurate definition of the fetal head position and station, avoiding unnecessary operative procedures and medication while improving fetal and maternal outcomes. This review re-evaluated the literature of the last 30 years on asynclitism, focusing on the progressive imposition of ultrasound as an intrapartum diagnostic tool. All the evidence emerging from the literature is presented and evaluated from our point of view, describing the most employed technique and considering the future implication of the progressive worldwide consolidation of asynclitism and ultrasound.
PubMed: 36553005
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122998 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2014Securing the endotracheal tube is a common procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit. Adequate fixation of the tube is essential to ensure effective ventilation of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Securing the endotracheal tube is a common procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit. Adequate fixation of the tube is essential to ensure effective ventilation of the infant whilst minimising potential complications secondary to the intervention. Methods used to secure the endotracheal tube often vary between units and sometimes even between healthcare providers in the same nursery.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the different methods of securing the endotracheal tube in the ventilated neonate and their effects on the risk of accidental extubation and other potential complications that can result from an unstable endotracheal tube.
SEARCH METHODS
A literature search of MEDLINE (from 1966 to June 2013), CINAHL (from 1982 to June 2013) and CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant trials to be analysed.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of infants who were intubated for mechanical ventilation in a neonatal intensive care nursery where methods of stabilising the endotracheal tube were being compared.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were collected from individual studies to determine the methods being compared, the methodology of the trial, and whether there were areas of bias that could significantly affect the results of the studies. In particular, studies were assessed for blinding of randomisation and allocation, blinding of the intervention, completeness of follow up, blinding of outcome assessments and selective reporting.
MAIN RESULTS
Five randomised controlled trials were identified and included for review. Accidental extubation was the most common outcome measured (five studies). None of the studies reported on the need for re-intubation or the rate of tube malposition, however one study did report on endotracheal tube slippage. A variety of other adverse effects were reported including mortality, incidence of perioral skin trauma and tube re-taping. All five studies were of poor methodological quality, small size, contained significant risks of bias and compared methods of securing the endotracheal tube that were too dissimilar for the data to be collated or included in a meta-analysis. We have not reported these further.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This review highlighted the need for further well designed and completed studies to be conducted for this common neonatal procedure. Evidence is lacking to determine the most effective and safe method to stabilise the endotracheal tube in the ventilated neonate.
Topics: Equipment Safety; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Intubation, Intratracheal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 25079665
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007805.pub2 -
Medicine Jul 2017Incidence of complications and reoperations between pedicle screw (PS) and hybrid instrumentations (HI) are still controversial in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Incidence of complications and reoperations between pedicle screw (PS) and hybrid instrumentations (HI) are still controversial in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare overall complications, reoperations, and radiographic outcomes between the 2 constructs.
METHODS
Strictly followed the PRISMA 2009 guidelines, the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were used to search for literatures up to April 2016, addressing PS versus HI in AIS patients. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was adopted to assess the quality of the studies. Data on complications, reoperations, Cobb angle of major curve, thoracic kyphosis, and proximal junctional measurement were extracted from the included studies. RevMan 5.3 and SPSS 21.0 were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-four case-control studies with a total of 3042 AIS patients (1582 PS, 1460 HI) were included, consisting of 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 prospective study, and 22 retrospective studies. Decreased overall complications (95% CI 0.42-0.87, P = .007; I = 38%) and reoperations (95% CI 0.22-0.62, P = .0001; I = 0%) were found in PS group compared with HI group. As regard to reasons for reoperations, increased incidence of pseudarthrosis (P = .005), dislodged instrumentation (P = .005), and deep infection (P = .016) occurred in HI group. PS group achieved a better coronal correction (95% CI -7.06 to -4.54, P < .00001; I = 34%), but HI group was more powerful in restoring thoracic kyphosis (95% CI -7.88 to -3.70, P < .00001; I = 60%), and no significant differences were found in proximal junctional measurement (95% CI -0.88 to 1.54, P = .59; I = 0%) between the 2 constructs.
CONCLUSION
Compared with hybrid instrumentation, pedicle screw construct provides better coronal correction but less thoracic kyphosis restoring, with decreased incidence of overall complications and reoperations in AIS patients. As regard to the pedicle screw construct, the most common reasons for reoperation are malposition, deep infection, pseudarthrosis, and prominent implant.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Pedicle Screws; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Scoliosis
PubMed: 28682881
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007337 -
Shoulder & Elbow Jul 2019Positioning of the glenoid component is one of the most challenging steps in shoulder arthroplasty, and prosthesis longevity as well as functional outcomes is considered... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Positioning of the glenoid component is one of the most challenging steps in shoulder arthroplasty, and prosthesis longevity as well as functional outcomes is considered highly dependent on accurate positioning. This review considers the evidence supporting surgical navigation and patient-specific instruments for glenoid implant positioning in anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed for studies assessing glenoid implant positioning accuracy as measured by cross-sectional imaging on live subjects or cadaver models. Meta-analysis of controlled studies was performed to estimate the primary effects of navigation and patient-specific instruments on glenoid implant positioning error. Meta-analysis of absolute positioning outcomes was also performed for each group incorporating data from controlled and uncontrolled studies.
RESULTS
Nine studies, four controlled and five uncontrolled, with 258 total subjects were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of controlled studies supported that both navigation and patient-specific instruments had a moderate statistically significant effect on improving glenoid implant positioning outcomes. Meta-analysis of absolute positioning outcomes demonstrates glenoid implant positioning with standard instrumentation results in a high rate of malposition.
DISCUSSION
Navigation and patient-specific instruments improve glenoid positioning outcomes. Whether the improvement in positioning outcomes achieved translate to better clinical outcomes is unknown.
PubMed: 31447941
DOI: 10.1177/1758573218806252 -
Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial... Oct 2017This study compared complications between subciliary and transconjunctival approaches to the infraorbital rim/orbital floor, using systematic review and meta-analysis. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This study compared complications between subciliary and transconjunctival approaches to the infraorbital rim/orbital floor, using systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed. Randomized controlled and controlled (retrospective or prospective) clinical studies, with the aim of comparing subciliary to transconjunctival approaches in the management of infraorbital rim/orbital floor fractures, were included. Outcome variables were lower lid malposition including ectropion, entropion, scleral shows, canthal malpositions, and others complications. An odds ratio (OR) of outcome variables, using a Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) test with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), was calculated using Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software. A descriptive analysis of postoperative complications was also presented.
RESULTS
The subciliary approach had a significantly higher incidence of ectropion and scleral show when compared with the subconjunctival approach (p < 0.001). The subconjunctival approach had a significantly higher incidence of entropion than the subciliary approach (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Both the subciliary and the transconjunctival approaches are associated with specific complications. Overall, the transconjunctival approach shows the lowest incidence of complications.
Topics: Conjunctiva; Eyelids; Fracture Fixation; Humans; Orbital Fractures
PubMed: 28823598
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.07.004 -
World Neurosurgery Mar 2023Deep brain stimulation is a common treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite strong efficacy in well-selected patients, complications can occur. Intraoperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Deep brain stimulation is a common treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite strong efficacy in well-selected patients, complications can occur. Intraoperative micro-electrode recording (MER) can enhance efficacy by improving lead accuracy. However, there is controversy as to whether MER increases risk of hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVES
To provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis reporting complication rates from deep brain stimulation in PD. We also interrogate the association between hemorrhage and MER.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were implemented while querying the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. All included studies were randomized controlled trials and prospective case series with 5 or more patients. Primary outcomes included rates of overall revision, infection, lead malposition, surgical site and wound complications, hardware-related complications, and seizure. The secondary outcome was the relationship between number of MER tracks and hemorrhage rate.
RESULTS
262 articles with 21,261 patients were included in the analysis. Mean follow-up was 25.8 months (range 0-133). Complication rates were: revision 4.9%, infection 4.2%, lead malposition 3.3%, surgical site complications 2.8%, hemorrhage 2.4%, hardware-related complications 2.4%, and seizure 1.9%. While hemorrhage rate did not increase with single-track MER (odds ratio, 3.49; P = 0.29), there was a significant non-linear increase with each additional track.
CONCLUSION
Infection and lead malposition were the most common complications. Hemorrhage risk increases with more than one MER track. These results highlight the challenge of balancing surgical accuracy and perioperative risk.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Deep Brain Stimulation; Neurosurgical Procedures; Microelectrodes; Seizures; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36244666
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.034 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Mar 2017Gynecomastia is a common deformity of the male breast, where certain cases warrant surgical management. There are several surgical options, which vary depending on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gynecomastia is a common deformity of the male breast, where certain cases warrant surgical management. There are several surgical options, which vary depending on the breast characteristics. To guide surgical management, several classification systems for gynecomastia have been proposed.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed to (1) identify all classification systems for the surgical management of gynecomastia, and (2) determine the adequacy of these classification systems to appropriately categorize the condition for surgical decision-making.
RESULTS
The search yielded 1012 articles, and 11 articles were included in the review. Eleven classification systems in total were ascertained, and a total of 10 unique features were identified: (1) breast size, (2) skin redundancy, (3) breast ptosis, (4) tissue predominance, (5) upper abdominal laxity, (6) breast tuberosity, (7) nipple malposition, (8) chest shape, (9) absence of sternal notch, and (10) breast skin elasticity. On average, classification systems included two or three of these features. Breast size and ptosis were the most commonly included features.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on their review of the current classification systems, the authors believe the ideal classification system should be universal and cater to all causes of gynecomastia; be surgically useful and easy to use; and should include a comprehensive set of clinically appropriate patient-related features, such as breast size, breast ptosis, tissue predominance, and skin redundancy. None of the current classification systems appears to fulfill these criteria.
Topics: Gynecomastia; Humans; Male; Mammaplasty; Mastectomy
PubMed: 28234829
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003059 -
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2024While the biomechanical properties of the native medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been well studied, there is no comprehensive summary of the biomechanics of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
While the biomechanical properties of the native medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been well studied, there is no comprehensive summary of the biomechanics of MPFL reconstruction (MPFLR). An accurate understanding of the kinematic properties and functional behavior of current techniques used in MPFLR is imperative to restoring native biomechanics and improving outcomes.
PURPOSE
To provide a comprehensive review of the biomechanical effects of variations in MPFLR, specifically to determine the effect of graft choice and reconstruction technique.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 32 studies met inclusion criteria: (1) using ≥8 human cadaveric specimens, (2) reporting on a component of MPFLR, and (3) having multiple comparison groups.
RESULTS
Gracilis, semitendinosus, and quadriceps grafts demonstrated an ultimate load to failure (N) of 206.2, 102.8, and 190.0 to 205.0 and stiffness (N/mm) of 20.4, 8.5, and 21.4 to 33.6, respectively. Single-bundle and double-bundle techniques produced an ultimate load to failure (N) of 171 and 213 and stiffness (N/mm) of 13.9 and 17.1, respectively. Anchors placed centrally and superomedially in the patella produced the smallest degree of length changes throughout range of motion in contrast to anchors placed more proximally. Sutures, suture anchors, and transosseous tunnels all produced similar ultimate load to failure, stiffness, and elongation data. Femoral tunnel malpositioning resulted in significant increases in contact pressures, patellar translation, tilt, and graft tightening or loosening. Low tension grafts (2 N) most closely restored the patellofemoral contact pressures, translation, and tilt. Graft fixation angles variably and inconsistently altered contact pressures, and patellar translation and tilt.
CONCLUSION
Data demonstrated that placement of the MPFLR femoral tunnel at the Schöttle point is critical to success. Femoral tunnel diameter should be ≥2 mm greater than graft diameter to limit graft advancement and overtensioning. Graft fixation, regardless of graft choice or fixation angle, is optimally performed under minimal tension with patellar fixation at the medial and superomedial patella. However, lower fixation angles may reduce graft strain, and higher fixation angles may exacerbate anisometry and length changes if femoral tunnel placement is nonanatomic.
PubMed: 38855071
DOI: 10.1177/23259671241241537 -
International Journal of Oral and... Sep 2017This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the stability and surgical complications of segmental Le Fort I osteotomy. The search was divided into a main search... (Review)
Review
This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the stability and surgical complications of segmental Le Fort I osteotomy. The search was divided into a main search (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library), grey literature search (Google Scholar), and manual search. Twenty-three studies were included: 14 evaluating stability as the outcome and nine evaluating surgical complications. The level of agreement between the authors was considered excellent (κ=0.893 for study selection and κ=0.853 for study eligibility). The segmental Le Fort I osteotomy provides stable outcomes in the sagittal plane, is less stable dentally than skeletally in the transverse plane, and provides little stability in the posterior segment after downward movement. The most frequent complications are oral fistula (six studies) and damage to the adjacent teeth (five studies), but the most prevalent complication is postoperative infection (32.62%). Four studies evaluating stability as the outcome showed a medium potential risk of bias, whereas all studies addressing surgical complications showed a high potential risk of bias. The segmental Le Fort I osteotomy should not be excluded from the technical armamentarium in orthognathic surgery. On the contrary, the literature consulted suggests it to be a useful tool for the three-dimensional surgical correction of maxillary malposition.
Topics: Humans; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Osteotomy, Le Fort; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 28601432
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.05.011 -
International Orthopaedics Sep 2016The aim of this study is to compare mTLIF vs. oTLIF with regard to peri-operative complications, operative time, estimated blood loss, fluoroscopic time, and the length... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to compare mTLIF vs. oTLIF with regard to peri-operative complications, operative time, estimated blood loss, fluoroscopic time, and the length of hospital stay.
METHODS
The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles reporting patients undergoing TLIF, and a comparison between mTILF and oTLIF was performed. The database included patient demographic information, complications, operative time, fluoroscopic time, and the length of hospital stay.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. The total number of subjects included was 901, of which 455 underwent mTLIF (50 %) and 446 underwent oTLIF (50 %). The operating time for the mTLIF was ranged from 116 to 390 minutes, compared with 102 to 365 minutes for oTLIF, the operating time tended to be longer in the mTLIF group than the oTLIF group. The estimated blood loss was lower in the mTLIF group, ranging from 51 to 578 ml in mTLIF and 225 to 961 ml in oTLIF, respectively. Length of hospital stay was short for the mTLIF with a 2.3 to 10.6 days hospitalization compared to 2.9 to 14.6 days for oTLIF. However the fluoroscopic time was consistently higher in the mTLIF group with a 49 to 106 seconds of fluoroscopy compared to 16.4 to 44 seconds for oTLIF. The complications divided into technical complications and infection complications. The main technical and infection complications included dural tears, screw malposition, and wound infection. Systemic complications included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and DVT. The numbers of patients with complication was 54 out of 455 (11.87 %) in the mTLIF, and 64 out of 446 (14.35 %) in the oTLIF.
CONCLUSION
The review shows mTLIF offers several potential advantages in reducing blood loss and the length of hospital stay, especially lowering the complication rates for patients compared with oTLIF. However, it required much more operative time and radiation exposure. Class I evidence and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for further study.
Topics: Bone Screws; Fluoroscopy; Humans; Length of Stay; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Region; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Operative Time; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Fusion; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26987979
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-016-3153-z