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Psychiatry Research May 2022Displaced people are prone to develop mental health problems due to resettlement in new environments, traumatic events and forced migration. Depression is a mental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Displaced people are prone to develop mental health problems due to resettlement in new environments, traumatic events and forced migration. Depression is a mental health problem repeatedly observed among displaced people such as refugees, migrants, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Therefore, estimating the global pooled prevalence of depression as well as pinpointing its determinants may support policymakers and health care workers to mitigate the disease burden and improve the psychological well-being of displaced people.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Psych-INFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched for English written relevant observational studies conducted between 1984 and 2020. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity across studies was checked using the Q- and I test. Publication bias was checked by observing Funnel plot symmetry and using Egger's regression test. STATA 16 was used to combine studies using a random effect model.
RESULTS
Of the 4102 studies identified, 81 studies with an overall sample size of 53,458 were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression among displaced people was 26.4% (95% CI; 22.2-31.1). Also, three in five IDPs, one in three refugees and asylum seekers and one in four migrants suffer from depression globally. Being female migrant [AOR: 2.46 95% CI: 1.79-3.13, I=34.5%), non-partnered marital status [AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.29-3.30, I= 0.00%], and perceived low social support [AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00-2.52, I=34.6%] were significant determinants of depression among displaced people.
CONCLUSION
Overall, around 1 in 4 displaced people suffer from depression and exceed the prevalence of depression reported by community samples in different nations and demonstrate a need for culturally fitting and targeted responses from migrant/refugee host nations and their serving clinicians.
Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Refugees; Social Support
PubMed: 35316692
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114493 -
Omega Oct 2022This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding attitudes of Iranian nurses and related factors towards end-of-life (EOL) care. PubMed, Web of Science,... (Review)
Review
This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding attitudes of Iranian nurses and related factors towards end-of-life (EOL) care. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Magiran, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Google Scholar search engine were searched using Persian and English appropriate keywords from the earliest records up to September 11, 2020. A total of 849 nurses were included in six studies. After a meta-analysis of the mean score of nurses' attitudes, the pooled mean was 80.07 out of 120 (Q=4.32, I-squared=0.00%; 95%CI: 73.53-86.60; < 0.001). Marital status, ward type, education level, a history of participating in EOL care workshops, personal study of EOL care, experience of caring for a dying family member or close people, natural and approach acceptance, fear of death, and professional autonomy had a significant positive relationship with nurses' attitudes towards EOL care. Therefore, further large-scale studies considering potential confounding variables are needed to confirm our findings.
PubMed: 36254820
DOI: 10.1177/00302228221133496 -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Mar 2016Different factors have been studied and proven to significantly influence discharge destination of acute stroke patients after hospitalization. Few reviews have been... (Review)
Review
Different factors have been studied and proven to significantly influence discharge destination of acute stroke patients after hospitalization. Few reviews have been published combining the results of these studies. Therefore we aim to present an overview of the studies conducted regarding these predicting factors. Through conducting a systematic review we aimed to study the different predictive factors influencing discharge destination of acute stroke patients after hospitalization. Nineteen articles were selected in accordance with the research question and inclusion criteria. The factors found were, according to their significance in the articles, subcategorized in age, gender, functional status, cognitive status, race and ethnicity, co morbidities, education, stroke characteristics, social and living situation. The main factors significantly associated with other than home discharge were functional dependence/comorbidities, neurocognitive dysfunction and previous living circumstances/marital status. A medium or large infarct is associated with institutionalization. The stroke volume is not associated with home discharge. The effect of other factors remain controversial and results differ between studies. These include: age, gender, race, affected hemisphere and availability of a caregiver not living at home. Factors such as education, hospital complications, geographic location and FIM progression during hospitalization have not been studied sufficiently.
Topics: Age Distribution; Caregivers; Cognition; Humans; Patient Discharge; Sex Characteristics; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 26802615
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.01.004 -
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care Jun 2022Inequalities in access to hospice care is a source of considerable concern; white, middle-class, middle-aged patients with cancer have traditionally been...
BACKGROUND
Inequalities in access to hospice care is a source of considerable concern; white, middle-class, middle-aged patients with cancer have traditionally been over-represented in hospice populations.
OBJECTIVE
To identify from the literature the demographic characteristics of those who access hospice care more often, focusing on: diagnosis, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, geography and socioeconomic status.
DESIGN
Systematic literature review and narrative synthesis.
METHOD
Searches of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Assia and Embase databases from January 1987 to end September 2019 were conducted. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies of adult patients in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, receiving inpatient, day, outpatient and community hospice care. Of the 45 937 titles retrieved, 130 met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis of extracted data was conducted.
RESULTS
An extensive literature search demonstrates persistent inequalities in hospice care provision: patients without cancer, the oldest old, ethnic minorities and those living in rural or deprived areas are under-represented in hospice populations. The effect of gender and marital status is inconsistent. There is a limited literature concerning hospice service access for the LGBTQ+ community, homeless people and those living with HIV/AIDS, diabetes and cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSION
Barriers of prognostic uncertainty, institutional cultures, particular needs of certain groups and lack of public awareness of hospice services remain substantial challenges to the hospice movement in ensuring equitable access for all.
Topics: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Ethnicity; Hospice Care; Hospices; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33608254
DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002719 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Several epidemiological studies stress the association between a diet based on high fruits and vegetables intake and a better health condition. However, elderly... (Review)
Review
Several epidemiological studies stress the association between a diet based on high fruits and vegetables intake and a better health condition. However, elderly Europeans cannot manage the recommended fruits and vegetables consumption. This systematic review aims to explore the main factors related to fruits and vegetables consumption in elderly Europeans. We conducted literature searches on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to May 2022. Published articles including data related to certain fruits and vegetables consumption among elderly Europeans were selected. The New Castle-Ottawa Scale and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tools were used for methodological quality assessment by two authors independently. A total of 60 articles were retrieved, and data from twenty-one high-quality cross-sectional studies and five moderate-to-high-quality cohort studies, including a total of 109,516 participants, were synthesized. Associated factors mostly analyzed were those relating to demographic and socioeconomic status, such as sex, age, marital status, educational level, and income. However, the findings show a high discrepancy. Some evidence suggests a possible positive association, while other evidence shows an inverse or no association at all. The relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with fruits and vegetables consumption is not at all clear. More epidemiological studies with an appropriate design and corresponding statistical methods are required.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Vegetables; Fruit; Cross-Sectional Studies; European People; Diet; Socioeconomic Factors; Marital Status; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 36834135
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043442 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable emotional lability, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness.... (Review)
Review
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable emotional lability, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. Previous studies indicated that ODD typically might originate within a maladaptive family environment, or was at least maintained within such an environment. As such, the present review summarized pertinent research from the last 20 years that focused on the pathways connecting family risk factors to the development of child ODD symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases was completed in August 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 62 studies in the review. The review established a multi-level framework to describe the mechanisms underlying the pathway from familial factors to ODD psychopathological symptoms: (a) the system level that is affected by the family's socioeconomic status and family dysfunction; (b) the dyadic level that is affected by conflict within the marital dyad and parent-child interactions; and (c) the individual level that is affected by parent and child factors. Additionally, from the perspective of family systems theory, we pay special attention to the interactions among and between the various levels of the pathway (moderation and mediation) that might be associated with the occurrence and severity of ODD symptoms. Considering future prevention and intervention efforts, this three-level model emphasizes the necessity of focusing on familial risk factors at multiple levels and the mechanisms underlying the proposed pathways.
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Humans; Irritable Mood; Mood Disorders; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 36078582
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710866 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Dec 2016Reduced quality of life (QoL) is a known consequence of chronic disease in children, and this association may be more evident in those who are socio-economically... (Review)
Review
Reduced quality of life (QoL) is a known consequence of chronic disease in children, and this association may be more evident in those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the association between socio-economic disadvantage and QoL among children with chronic disease, and to identify the specific socio-economic factors that are most influential. MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were searched to March 2015. Observational studies that reported the association between at least one measure of social disadvantage in caregivers and at least one QoL measure in children and young people (age 2-21 years) with a debilitating non-communicable childhood disease (asthma, chronic kidney disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy) were eligible. A total of 30 studies involving 6957 patients were included (asthma (six studies, n = 576), chronic kidney disease (four studies, n = 796), epilepsy (14 studies, n = 2121), type 1 diabetes mellitus (six studies, n = 3464)). A total of 22 (73%) studies reported a statistically significant association between at least one socio-economic determinant and QoL. Parental education, occupation, marital status, income and health insurance coverage were associated with reduced QoL in children with chronic disease. The quality of the included studies varied widely and there was a high risk of reporting bias. Children with chronic disease from lower socio-economic backgrounds experience reduced QoL compared with their wealthier counterparts. Initiatives to improve access to and usage of medical and psychological services by children and their families who are socio-economically disadvantaged may help to mitigate the disparities and improve outcomes in children with chronic illnesses.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Class; Young Adult
PubMed: 27988995
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13407 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Aug 2017To review the significant causes and effects of physician burnout in published literature. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the significant causes and effects of physician burnout in published literature.
METHODOLOGY
Asystematic review was conducted for searching published literature on the causes and effects of burnout in three online databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed for final selection of papers. The selected papers were critically appraised and thematic analysis was done to identify major themes related to physician burnout.
RESULTS
Thirty-one papers were finally selected among the 2,828 identified studies. The thematic analysis revealed demographic factors, e.g. age, gender, marital status, specialty and job position; and organizational factors, e.g. workload, interpersonal demands, job insecurity and lack of resources, as significant causes of burnout. The consequences of burnout included individual and organizational effects. The individual effects of burnout included physical health problems; while organizational effects included poor job performance, low organizational commitment, and turnover intentions.
CONCLUSION
Burnout is a recognized workplace hazard in the healthcare sector. The individual characteristics of physicians and working environment within hospitals are contributory factors of burnout. Therefore, proactive interventions should be taken at individual and institutional levels for preventing physician burnout by improving the personal lifestyle of physician and working environment in hospitals.
Topics: Adult; Burnout, Professional; Female; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Male; Middle Aged; Personnel Turnover; Physicians; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological; Workload; Workplace
PubMed: 28903843
DOI: No ID Found -
The Lancet. Public Health Dec 2021Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals are at a high risk of adverse mental health outcomes due to minority stress-the stress faced by individuals...
Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals are at a high risk of adverse mental health outcomes due to minority stress-the stress faced by individuals categorised as stigmatised social minority groups. This systematic review sought to summarise the key mental health findings of the research on TGNC individuals in mainland China. We also aimed to consolidate research on the topic, identify specific mental health disparities, and offer new perspectives for future research to inform both policy and clinical practice. An extensive search of the literature, published in English and Chinese, was done between Jan 1, 1990, and Aug 1, 2021, using PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Wanfang (in Chinese), and CNKI (in Chinese). Overall, two qualitative and 28 quantitative articles were identified. The quantitative findings showed a high prevalence of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, and stress-related issues, and greater disparities in psychological wellbeing. High prevalence is also reported in suicidality and self-harm behaviours in this group. Across the two qualitative studies, attributable factors included gender-related discrimination, barriers to accessing health services, low social support, decreased knowledge and awareness of HIV prevention, and demographic characteristics-such as marital status, educational level, and gender identity. This Review also found little evidence of gender-affirming care and mental health interventions in mainland China. Following from these results, the next step is to integrate multi-level, social-psychological interventions with education to reduce cultural stereotypes and transphobia in mainland China. Political and social implications are also discussed to inform a standard set of guidelines for transgender-inclusive health-care services, including advocating for funding to create these special care programmes and services.
Topics: Anxiety; China; Depression; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Self Concept; Self-Injurious Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Social Stigma; Stereotyping; Stress, Psychological; Suicidal Ideation; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34838199
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00236-X -
BMC Psychology Feb 2020Personality traits can be used to predict an individual's behaviors in different life situations, including marital life situations. Marital satisfaction that is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Personality traits can be used to predict an individual's behaviors in different life situations, including marital life situations. Marital satisfaction that is influenced by different factors is a criterion used to assess couples' relationship quality. The goal of the present study was to review Iranian studies on the correlation between personality traits and marital satisfaction.
METHODS
In this systematic review, all the related Iranian studies in international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Scopus, and national databases, including Scientific Information Database (SID) and MagIran were reviewed. The following keywords and also combinations of them were used to search the databases: "Marital satisfaction," "Personality traits," "Personality factors," "Big five model of personality," and "Iran."
RESULTS
A total of 18 correlational studies, without any time limitation, with a total sample of 4049, were reviewed. The following correlation coefficients were found between marital satisfaction and personality traits: r = - 0.439 with neuroticism (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.27-0.60), r = 0.833 with extraversion (95% CI: 0.77-0.88), r = 0.777 with openness (95% CI: 0.70-0.84), r = 0.855 with agreeableness (95% CI: 0.80-0.90), and r = 0.90 with conscientiousness (95% CI: 0.84-0.95).
CONCLUSIONS
Couples high in Neuroticism experience lower levels of marital satisfaction, and couples high in Conscientiousness are more satisfied with their marital life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Marriage; Personal Satisfaction; Personality
PubMed: 32033583
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-0383-z