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AIDS Research and Treatment 2018Depression is a substantial contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the globe. Depression is the most common psychiatric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Depression is a substantial contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the globe. Depression is the most common psychiatric problem associated with HIV/AIDS and half of all PLWHIV with depression go underdiagnosed and untreated. Psychiatric complications of HIVAIDS delay mental health services in less affluent countries. However, there is lack of study with regard to the pooled estimation prevalence of depression in PLWHIV in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the most current available evidence from 2010 to March 2017 among adult PLWHIV in Ethiopia.
METHODS
The team explored multiple databases searching methods including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Advance Scholar, and Google Scholar to find studies published with the data on the prevalence of depression among PLWHIV. We searched 150 research articles; of these 143 articles were excluded. Subsequently, thirteen articles were used for synthesis prevalence and four studies were included in the synthesis effect of sex on depression among PLWHIV.
RESULTS
The total of pooled estimated prevalence of depression in PLWHIV was 36.65. Estimated prevalence of depression in three studies by using CES-D was 31.19% and in six studies by using PHQ-9 was 37.91%. The remaining four studies used a single tool: Kessler-6 Scale (15.5%), HADS (41.2%), HDSQ (43.9%), and BDI (55.8%). Factors such as age, marital status, living alone, poor medication adherence, poor social support, clinical stages II and III of HIV, stigma, income, and occupation were significantly associated with depression.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
The pooled estimate prevalence of depression among PLWHIV was higher than that in the general population. It is better to offer special attention to these populations.
PubMed: 29682344
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5462959 -
Rehabilitation Nursing : the Official...Fatigue is a symptom experienced by 40%-74% of older individuals in the United States. Despite its significance, clinicians face challenges helping individuals to manage...
BACKGROUND
Fatigue is a symptom experienced by 40%-74% of older individuals in the United States. Despite its significance, clinicians face challenges helping individuals to manage or reduce fatigue levels. Some management issues are attributable to the ambiguity around the risk factors, consequences, and the effect of fatigue management strategies.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted using four databases to identify themes in relation to risk factors, consequences, and management strategies from research studies about fatigue in older individuals with chronic diseases.
RESULTS
Findings on fatigue risk factors, such as age, body mass index, and marital status, were contradictory. There was a positive association between fatigue and comorbidities, depression, and anxiety and a negative relationship between fatigue and physical activity, sleep, educational status, and socioeconomic status. Fatigue was perceived as a state of "feebleness" and negatively impacted individuals' quality of life. Consequences of fatigue included tiredness, sleepiness, depression, anxiety, worse sense of purpose in life, poor self-care, and an increased β-amyloid load. Predictors of worse fatigue consequences included functional health, symptom burden, subjective health, and self-acceptance. Fatigue management strategies included physical activity, rest, sleep, maintaining normal hemoglobin levels, and acetyl-l-carnitine supplementation.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review is of value to older individuals with chronic illnesses, researchers, and clinicians who strive to improve the quality of life of individuals experiencing fatigue. To prevent undesirable consequences of fatigue, older individuals should be screened for the discussed modifiable risk factors of fatigue. The inconsistencies in the studies reviewed can guide researchers to potential research areas that require further inquiry and exploration to ground future practice on best scientific evidence.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Fatigue; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32657851
DOI: 10.1097/RNJ.0000000000000278 -
PloS One 2020To investigate that whether an association between marital status and the female breast cancer risk exists. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate that whether an association between marital status and the female breast cancer risk exists.
METHODS
The MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their inception to July 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the methodological quality of included studies. Study data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to compare the breast cancer risk between unmarried, widowed, divorced or lifelong single women and married women. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42018112368).
RESULTS
Forty-nine publications were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with married women, unmarried and lifelong single women had an elevated risk of breast cancer, and the pooled ORs of case-control studies were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.45), respectively. In the subgroup analyses under these two comparisons, hospital-based estimates and multivariate-adjusted estimates demonstrated a strong association, while population-based estimates and age-adjusted estimates produced nonsignificant results. The pooled OR of cohort studies examining the effect of being a lifelong single woman was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.16). Heterogeneity was moderate to substantial across case-control studies (I2: 46% to 82%), which may be partially explained by differences in geographic regions, publication years and control types. Possible publication bias was indicated by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
Marital status may correlate with the risk of developing female breast cancer. However, suboptimal selection of controls, insufficient exploration of confounding effects, inadequate ascertainment of marital status, and possible publication bias may have limited the quality of the available evidence. Overall, conclusions that marital status is an independent risk factor for breast cancer could not be drawn, and further prospective rigorous cohort studies are warranted.
Topics: Age Factors; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Marital Status; Observational Studies as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32134997
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229899 -
BMC Public Health May 2023Exclusive breastfeeding is a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. However, systematic reviews on its determinants in Ghana remain scarce. Therefore, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Exclusive breastfeeding is a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. However, systematic reviews on its determinants in Ghana remain scarce. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in children 0-6 months in Ghana.
METHODS
We conducted systematic searches in Embase, Medline, and Africa-Wide Information from the databases' inception until February 2021 for studies that assessed the prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in children 0-6 months in Ghana. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and narrative synthesis to summarise the determinants. We calculated the proportion of total variability that was due to between study heterogeneity using I² statistics, and Egger's test assessed publication bias. The review is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021278019.
RESULTS
Out of the 258 articles identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies were cross-sectional and were published between 2005 and 2021. The pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among children 0-6 months in Ghana was 50% (95%CI 41.0-60.0%). The prevalence was higher in rural areas (54%) than in urban areas (44%). Several factors were identified as facilitators of EBF, including older maternal age, self-employment, unemployment, living in a large house, being a house owner, giving birth in a health facility, non-caesarean delivery, adequate antenatal attendance, counselling services, participation in support groups, adequate knowledge about EBF, positive attitude towards EBF, and higher maternal education among rural dwellers. Additionally, having an average birthweight facilitated EBF. Barriers to EBF were also identified, including higher maternal education among urban dwellers, less than three months of maternity leave, maternal HIV-positive status, the experience of partner violence, lack of access to radio, inadequate breastmilk production, lack of family support, having a partner who wants more children, counselling on complementary feeding, healthcare worker recommendation of complementary feed, single marital status, and infant admission to neonatal intensive care units.
CONCLUSION
In Ghana, EBF rates are low, with only about half of all children aged 0-6 months breastfed exclusively. A multi-dimensional approach is required to tackle the diverse sociodemographic, obstetric, and infant-related issues that hinder EBF practice in Ghana.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Breast Feeding; Ghana; Prevalence; Mothers; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 37208682
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15758-w -
Transplantation Reviews (Orlando, Fla.) Jan 2018Although social support is used to determine transplant eligibility, the relationship between social support, medication adherence, and survival among transplant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although social support is used to determine transplant eligibility, the relationship between social support, medication adherence, and survival among transplant recipients remains unclear. We estimated the relationship between social support and post-transplant medication adherence and outcomes using 10 electronic databases from inception to January 2016. Study quality was assessed and all review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Thirty-two studies (9102 participants) met inclusion criteria: 21 assessed medication adherence (5197 participants), and 13 assessed clinical outcomes (3905 participants). Among high quality studies, neither social support nor marital status was predictive of medication adherence or post-transplant outcomes. Social support was not associated with medication adherence. It was associated with superior post-transplant outcomes, but the relationship was not significant among high quality studies. Compared to unmarried recipients, married recipients were more likely to adhere to medication post-transplant, but this relationship was not significant among high quality studies. Marital status was not significantly associated with transplant success. Social support is weakly and inconsistently associated with post-transplant adherence and outcomes. Larger prospective studies using consistent and validated measures are needed to justify the use of inadequate social support as a contraindication to transplantation.
Topics: Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Medication Adherence; Social Support; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 28495070
DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2017.04.001 -
Journal of Addictive Diseases 2021This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental divorce and smoking and alcohol consumption in offspring, which is based on a systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental divorce and smoking and alcohol consumption in offspring, which is based on a systematic review method and ultimately meta-analysis. In a systematic search, three databases were selected. The manuscripts were searched based on the keywords and the time limit for the search was published manuscripts in English until November 2020. For the relationship between parental divorce and smoking/alcohol use in offspring, one main analysis, and four analyses based on sex, study design, adjusted level, and continents were performed. Forty-three studies were synthesized from the collection of manuscripts. The odds of smoking in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.45 (CI 1.37-1.54) and this odds in men was equal to 1.38 (CI 1.11-1.71; Z = 2.91; = 0.004; I = 81.5%) and in women, 1.78 (CI 1.51-2.10; Z = 6.88; < 0.001; I = 69.6%). The odds of alcohol use in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.43 (CI 1.15-1.77) and this odds in men was equal to 1.69 (CI 1.16-2.47; Z = 2.73; = 0.006; I = 99.6%) and in women 1.79 (CI 1.07-2.99). The findings of the present study can be used in health-related policies, prevention, and clinical interventions. This study was a subject with limitations, also.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Divorce; Family Relations; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Odds Ratio; Smoking
PubMed: 33648433
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1886576 -
Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2021Insomnia is a sleep disorder of high prevalence with somatic and psychic repercussions. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of insomnia in shift workers,... (Review)
Review
Insomnia is a sleep disorder of high prevalence with somatic and psychic repercussions. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of insomnia in shift workers, as well as the associated variables: gender, age, marital status, profession and shift work schedule. A systematic review was performed using the descriptors "insomnia" AND "shift work", in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases, including studies that presented frequency of insomnia in shift workers, published between 2000 and 2020, in English or Portuguese, only in individuals over 18-years-old. Review articles, meta-analyzes, studies without socioeconomic information, articles without abstract and articles with participants who presented other comorbidities that justified presence of insomnia or pregnant women were excluded. From 480 studies identified, 5 were included in the analysis, with a total sample of 10,141 participants, of whom 4,183 were shift workers. The prevalence of insomnia in shift workers ranged from 12.8% to 76.4%, higher than estimated for general population. Moreover, a higher prevalence was observed among women and singles, and there was no significant variation with age and profession. On the other hand, a relationship between shift work schedule and onset of insomnia still seems controversial.
PubMed: 34104337
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190150 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... May 2016Foreign-born populations carry a significant TB burden in low-prevalence countries, composing over half of all cases in parts of Europe and North America. This study... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Foreign-born populations carry a significant TB burden in low-prevalence countries, composing over half of all cases in parts of Europe and North America. This study systematically reviewed evidence of risk factors for nonadherence to TB drug therapy in this group.
METHODS
On 28 October 2013 MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and ProQuest were systematically searched for studies examining adherence in foreign-born populations with TB. Grey literature and reference lists were hand-searched. Risk factor studies were selected for inclusion if they consisted of at least 95% foreign-born populations.
RESULTS
Of 1761 studies identified in the search, 20 were included in the risk factor review. Undocumented immigration status, older age, and social risk factors were consistently correlated with nonadherence; gender, ethnicity, immigration time, education level, adverse side effects, and HIV status were inconsistently correlated; and behavioural risk factors and marital status were consistently not correlated.
CONCLUSIONS
This review emphasizes documentation status as a risk factor candidate for further investigation.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Emigrants and Immigrants; Emigration and Immigration; Europe; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Medication Adherence; North America; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 27198210
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw025 -
Burns : Journal of the International... Jun 2023Self-immolation is the act of setting fire to oneself. Recent spikes in self-immolation events have been noticed in the Arab world, specifically in the aftermath of the... (Review)
Review
Self-immolation is the act of setting fire to oneself. Recent spikes in self-immolation events have been noticed in the Arab world, specifically in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in 2011. We aimed to examine the literature assessing the characteristics and patterns of suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world. We registered our systematic review in Prospero. We searched PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception until 9 July 2022, along with other sources, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We collected relevant articles tackling suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world via title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. We then conducted a narrative synthesis of the results. Out of 326 records from databases and 17 additional records identified through other sources, 31 articles (27 quantitative and 4 qualitative) were included. The studies came from Iraq (n = 16), Tunisia (n = 6), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (n = 3), Jordan (n = 2), Libya (n = 2), Bahrain (n = 1), and Egypt (n = 1). The quantitative studies had a sample size ranging from 22 to 600 self-inflicted burn victims. Studies showed that self-immolators were mostly married women with low educational level and low socioeconomic status. Self-immolation was more likely to happen at home, usually following marital conflicts. Kerosene was the accelerant used the most. Depression was the most comorbid mental health diagnosis. Studies highlighted that self-immolation was being increasignly used as a form of protest. Self-immolation is not uncommon in the Arab world. Specific interventions directed at the population at risk are warranted.
Topics: Humans; Female; Arab World; Burns; Suicide; Marriage; Educational Status
PubMed: 37129972
DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.10.001 -
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine 2024In the absence of timely treatment, the risk of rupture in patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) increases, which is associated with extensive bleeding, complicated... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In the absence of timely treatment, the risk of rupture in patients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) increases, which is associated with extensive bleeding, complicated surgery, and maternal death. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rupture and its related factors among EP cases.
METHODS
A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Ectopic pregnancies", "Extrauterine pregnancies", and "Ruptured ectopic pregnancy" from the earliest to the 13th of December 2022. The CMA program, version 3, was utilized for analysis. The overall effect size was calculated using the sample size and the frequency of rupture in each of the studies. Heterogeneity was measured using the I statistics.
RESULTS
A total of 5,269 women with EP participated in 17 studies. The pooled prevalence of rupture was 56.4% (95%CI: 44.9% to 67.2%; I=98.09%; P<0.001). Factors such as number of parties, amount of β-hCG, age, history of ectopic pregnancy, cornual and isthmic pregnancies, gestational age, number of gravidities, history of tubal ligation, tubal diameters, periods of infertility, history of infertility, pregnancy by ovulation induction, extensive hemoperitoneum, ampullar and isthmic pregnancies, ampullar pregnancies, preoperative heart rate (HR), triage, triage shock index (SI), abdominal pain, single marital status, preoperative hemoglobin levels, preoperative hematocrit levels, history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and use of contraceptives were associated with the prevalence of rupture in EP cases.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, 56.4% of EP cases experienced rupture and various factors influence its prevalence. As a result, health managers and policymakers can address and mitigate modifiable factors contributing to rupture in EP cases by implementing regular consultations and screenings.
PubMed: 38022716
DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v11i1.2172