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Journal of Applied Research in... Jan 2023In recent years, third-wave therapies have risen to prominence. Research into adapting and evaluating third-wave therapies for adults with intellectual disabilities has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, third-wave therapies have risen to prominence. Research into adapting and evaluating third-wave therapies for adults with intellectual disabilities has identified that third-wave therapies are accessible, acceptable, and effective (improving a range of symptoms and skills).
METHOD
This meta-ethnography followed Noblit and Hare's approach to synthesising findings from qualitative studies to examine how adults with intellectual disabilities experience third-wave therapy groups. A systematic review of three databases identified 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
We identified that third-wave therapy groups can be a 'Transformational' process for adults with intellectual disabilities that involves three stages: 'Concealment', 'Opening up' and 'Flourishing'.
CONCLUSION
Findings highlight the importance of therapeutic processes; especially, working with defences, and developing and maintaining safety/trust. Recommendations include the development of an objective measure of group safety/trust.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Anthropology, Cultural; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 36336795
DOI: 10.1111/jar.13045 -
Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2016Suicidality in people with intellectual disability has not been extensively researched. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Suicidality in people with intellectual disability has not been extensively researched.
AIM
To identify the nature of the research that has actually been conducted on this topic.
METHOD
A search of research databases was conducted according to predefined criteria. Key information was extracted and rated for methodological merit.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The aspects of suicidality investigated, which varied among studies, included suicidal attempts, behavior, ideation, and completed suicide. Thirteen studies highlighted risk factors for suicidality in this population. The most frequently noted risk factors were a concurrent mental health difficulty and the level of intellectual disability. Eight studies referred to people with intellectual disabilities' understanding of the concept of death or suicide. Various methodological issues were identified in the studies included.
CONCLUSIONS
In what we believe to be first systematic review of suicidality in people with intellectual disabilities, it was apparent that well-designed, standardized research studies on the topic are scarce. There is consequently limited evidence to guide prevention and intervention strategies for suicidality in this population.
Topics: Humans; Intellectual Disability; Suicide
PubMed: 27148912
DOI: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000095 -
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Aug 2022CHARGE syndrome (OMIM #214800) is a phenotypically complex genetic condition characterised by multi-system, multi-sensory impairments. Behavioural, psychological,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
CHARGE syndrome (OMIM #214800) is a phenotypically complex genetic condition characterised by multi-system, multi-sensory impairments. Behavioural, psychological, cognitive and sleep difficulties are not well delineated and are likely associated with biopsychosocial factors.
METHODS
This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of clinical features, physical characteristics and conditions, behavioural, psychological, cognitive and sleep characteristics in CHARGE syndrome, and statistically evaluated directional associations between these characteristics. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using reliable, prespecified quality weighting criteria, and meta-regression was conducted to identify associations between characteristics.
RESULTS
Of the 42 eligible studies, data could be extracted for 1675 participants. Prevalence estimates were highest for developmental delay (84%), intellectual disability (64%), aggressive behaviour (48%), self-injurious behaviour (44%) and sleep difficulties (45%). Meta-regression indicated significant associations between intellectual disability and choanal atresia, intellectual disability and inner ear anomalies, sleep difficulties and growth deficiency, and sleep difficulties and gross motor difficulties.
CONCLUSIONS
Our comprehensive review of clinical features, behavioural, psychological, cognitive and physical characteristics, conditions and comorbidities in CHARGE syndrome provides an empirically based foundation to further research and practice.
Topics: Aggression; CHARGE Syndrome; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Self-Injurious Behavior; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 36045324
DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09459-5 -
Journal of Intellectual Disability... Jun 2023In the general population, low self-esteem has been linked with poorer mental and physical health. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise and evaluate the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the general population, low self-esteem has been linked with poorer mental and physical health. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise and evaluate the findings of studies that examined self-esteem in adults with intellectual disabilities and links with mental health outcomes.
METHOD
A systematic search of PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL was conducted to identify studies published between 1990 and 2021. The studies were appraised using the QualSyst tool.
RESULTS
Twenty-six articles were identified of which two studies were removed from the review due to low quality. Studies reported mixed evidence regarding levels of self-esteem compared with the general population. Engagement in activities appeared to be linked with positive self-esteem, and perception of negative interpersonal life events as having a negative impact was associated with lower self-esteem. There was evidence of co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression, but no studies examined the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Reviewed studies provided mixed evidence on levels of self-esteem in this population, suggesting that factors such as engagement in life were related to higher self-esteem and demonstrating the co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression. However, clear causal links have yet to be identified, and more research is needed using longitudinal designs to answer questions about trajectory.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Depression; Intellectual Disability; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 36855028
DOI: 10.1111/jir.13025 -
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Dec 2021Down syndrome (DS) is a prevalent chromosomal disorder associated with a wide range of congenital anomalies and other health problems. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Down syndrome (DS) is a prevalent chromosomal disorder associated with a wide range of congenital anomalies and other health problems.
OBJECTIVES
To give a scoping overview of encountered lower airway problems (both infectious and non-infectious) in DS children.
DATA SOURCES
We systematically searched the MEDLINE and PubMed databases for relevant publications.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies were eligible if they were original studies about pediatric airway problems in DS and were evaluated by the PRISMA guidelines.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data concerning patient characteristics, study methods and outcomes were critically reviewed.
RESULTS
Sixty papers were included. These were reviewed and summarized by topic, i.e. airway anomalies, dysphagia and aspiration, lower respiratory tract infections (and bronchiolitis in particular), pulmonary hypertension and other. Respiratory problems are proven to be a frequent and a major health burden in DS children. Airway anomalies (both single and multiple) are more prevalent and require a specific approach. A large proportion of DS children have (often silent) aspiration, resulting in protracted and difficult-to-treat symptoms. Respiratory tract infections are usually more severe and associated with an increased need for (prolonged) hospitalization. Pulmonary hypertension, wheeze and some other rare conditions are more commonly encountered in DS.
LIMITATIONS
Large number of studies and high levels of study heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
Several lower airway problems are more frequent and more complex in children with DS. These findings emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach by an experienced team allowing for a prompt diagnosis, proper management and improved long term outcome.
Topics: Child; Down Syndrome; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 34148805
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.04.006 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jul 2016Although there have been numerous studies examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, they have not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although there have been numerous studies examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, they have not yet been integrated and synthesized through a systematic quantitative review process. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine: (i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities; (ii) the sources of heterogeneity in studies reporting the prevalence of overweight/obesity in this population; and (iii) the risk of overweight/obesity in this population compared with their typically developing peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 16 studies, published between 1985 and 2015, met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimates for overweight, overweight-obesity and obesity were respectively: (i) 15%, 30%, and 13%, in children; and (ii) 18%, 33%, and 15% in adolescents. Subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence estimates as a function of geographical region, recruitment setting, additional diagnoses, and norms used to define overweight or obesity. The findings also showed adolescents with intellectual disabilities to be respectively 1.54 and 1.80 times more at risk of overweight-obesity and obesity than typically developing adolescents. Unfortunately, no such comparison is available for children. © 2016 World Obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Databases, Factual; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27171466
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12408 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jan 2018Mental health conditions and problems are often reported in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic review was undertaken to describe their... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
Mental health conditions and problems are often reported in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic review was undertaken to describe their prevalence.
METHOD
MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases from 1996 to 2016 were searched and reference lists of selected studies were reviewed. Studies were included if they reported point prevalence of mental health diagnoses or symptoms in a general population of children and/or adolescents with CP. Pooled prevalence for mental health symptoms was determined using a random effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Of the 3158 studies identified, eight met the inclusion criteria. Mental health disorders were diagnosed by psychiatric interview in one study, giving a prevalence of 57% (32 out of 56 children). The remaining seven studies (n=1715 children) used parent-report mental health screening tools. The pooled prevalence for mental health symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (n=5 studies) was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20-61) and using the Child Behavior Checklist (n=2 studies) was 28% (95% CI 22-36). Evidence was characterized by a moderate level of bias.
INTERPRETATION
More studies are needed to ascertain the prevalence of mental health disorders. Mental health symptoms are common and mental health evaluations should be incorporated into multidisciplinary assessments for these children.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
Children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability have a higher risk of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms for age and severity groups is unclear.
Topics: Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Comorbidity; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 28914445
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13555 -
Journal of Applied Research in... Mar 2022This systematic review aimed to explore the effects of sport and physical activity on behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well-being of... (Review)
Review
Effects of physical activity on behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well-being in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review.
BACKGROUND
This systematic review aimed to explore the effects of sport and physical activity on behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well-being of children and adolescents with intellectual disability.
METHOD
Five databases were searched systematically (ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SportDISCUS and SCOPUS), up to 28 February 2021. Thirty-two studies met criteria for inclusion.
RESULTS
Studies in this review included case studies (n = 15), treatment trials (n = 14), cross sectional studies (n = 2) and a cohort study (n = 1). Evidence was positive, though high risk of bias in treatment trials (7 of 14 rated high) meant generalisability of results was limited.
CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence suggests a positive relationship between physical activity and improved behaviour and emotional problems, mental health and psychosocial well-being; however, more robust randomised controlled trials are required to confirm this.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Mental Health
PubMed: 34796601
DOI: 10.1111/jar.12961 -
Journal of Applied Research in... Nov 2017Paediatric palliative care is a nuanced area of practice with additional complexities in the context of intellectual disability. There is currently minimal research to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Paediatric palliative care is a nuanced area of practice with additional complexities in the context of intellectual disability. There is currently minimal research to guide clinicians working in this challenging area of care.
METHOD
This study describes the complex care of children with life-limiting conditions and intellectual disability by means of a literature synthesis and commentary with "best-practice" guide.
RESULTS
As few articles concerning children with intellectual disability and palliative care needs were identified by formal systematic review, our expert consensus group has drawn from the paediatric palliative, oncology and adult intellectual disability literature to highlight common clinical challenges encountered in the day-to-day care of children with intellectual disability and life-limiting conditions.
CONCLUSION
A longitudinal child- and family-centred approach is key to ensuring best-practice care for families of children with life-limiting conditions and intellectual disability. As highlighted by the great absence of literature addressing this important patient population, further research in this area is urgently required.
Topics: Child; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Palliative Care; Pediatrics; Quality of Life
PubMed: 28836319
DOI: 10.1111/jar.12389 -
Behavioral and Brain Functions : BBF May 2022Genetic variants of DCX, COMT and FMR1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders related to intellectual disability and social behavior. In this systematic review... (Review)
Review
Genetic variants of DCX, COMT and FMR1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders related to intellectual disability and social behavior. In this systematic review we examine the roles of the DCX, COMT and FMR1 genes in the context of hippocampal neurogenesis with respect to these disorders with the aim of identifying important hubs and signaling pathways that may bridge these conditions. Taken together our findings indicate that factors connecting DCX, COMT, and FMR1 in intellectual disability and social behavior may converge at Wnt signaling, neuron migration, and axon and dendrite morphogenesis. Data derived from genomic research has identified a multitude of genes that are linked to brain disorders and developmental differences. Information about where and how these genes function and cooperate is lagging behind. The approach used here may help to shed light on the biological underpinnings in which key genes interface and may prove useful for the testing of specific hypotheses.
Topics: Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein; Hippocampus; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Neurogenesis; Social Behavior
PubMed: 35590332
DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00191-7