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Toxins Sep 2023The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the occurrence and co-occurrence of selected non-regulated mycotoxins and provide an overview of current... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the occurrence and co-occurrence of selected non-regulated mycotoxins and provide an overview of current regulations. Fifteen non-regulated mycotoxins were found in 19 food categories worldwide. On top of that, 38 different combinations of non-regulated mycotoxins were found, with mixtures varying from binary combinations up to 12 mycotoxins. Taking into consideration the amount of evidence regarding the prevalence and co-occurrence of non-regulated mycotoxins, future steps should be taken considering continuous monitoring, scientific exchange, and generation of high-quality data. To enhance data quality, guidelines outlining the minimum quality criteria for both occurrence data and metadata are needed. By doing so, we can effectively address concerns related to the toxicity of non-regulated mycotoxins. Furthermore, obtaining more data concerning the co-occurrence of both regulated and non-regulated mycotoxins could aid in supporting multiple chemical risk assessment methodologies. Implementing these steps could bolster food safety measures, promote evidence-based regulations, and ultimately safeguard public health from the potential adverse effects of non-regulated mycotoxins.
Topics: Data Accuracy; Fenbendazole; Food; Food Safety; Mycotoxins
PubMed: 37756008
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090583 -
Annals of Vascular Surgery Sep 2022Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have seen increasingly intimate integration with medicine and healthcare in the last 2 decades. The objective of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have seen increasingly intimate integration with medicine and healthcare in the last 2 decades. The objective of this study was to summarize all current applications of AI and ML in the vascular surgery literature and to conduct a bibliometric analysis of published studies.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted through Embase, MEDLINE, and Ovid HealthStar from inception until February 19, 2021. Reporting of this study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Data extracted included study metadata, the clinical area of study within vascular surgery, type of AI/ML method used, dataset, and the application of AI/ML. Publishing journals were classified as having either a clinical scope or technical scope. The author academic background was classified as clinical, nonclinical (e.g., engineering), or both, depending on author affiliation.
RESULTS
The initial search identified 7,434 studies, of which 249 were included for a final analysis. The rate of publications is exponentially increasing, with 158 (63%) studies being published in the last 5 years alone. Studies were most commonly related to carotid artery disease (118, 47%), abdominal aortic aneurysms (51, 20%), and peripheral arterial disease (26, 10%). Study authors employed an average of 1.50 (range: 1-6) distinct AI methods in their studies. The application of AI/ML methods broadly related to predictive models (54, 22%), image segmentation (49, 19.4%), diagnostic methods (46, 18%), or multiple combined applications (91, 37%). The most commonly used AI/ML methods were artificial neural networks (155/378 use cases, 41%), support vector machines (64, 17%), k-nearest neighbors algorithm (26, 7%), and random forests (23, 6%). Datasets to which these AI/ML methods were applied frequently involved ultrasound images (87, 35%), computed tomography (CT) images (42, 17%), clinical data (34, 14%), or multiple datasets (36, 14%). Overall, 22 (9%) studies were published in journals specific to vascular surgery, with the majority (147/249, 59%) being published in journals with a scope related to computer science or engineering. Among 1,576 publishing authors, 46% had exclusively a clinical background, 48% a nonclinical background, and 5% had both a clinical and nonclinical background.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an exponentially growing body of literature describing the use of AI and ML in vascular surgery. There is a focus on carotid artery disease and abdominal aortic disease, with many other areas of vascular surgery under-represented. Neural networks and support vector machines composed most AI methods in the literature. As AI/ML continue to see expanded applications in the field, it is important that vascular surgeons appreciate its potential and limitations. In addition, as it sees increasing use, there is a need for clinicians with expertise in AI/ML methods who can optimize its transition into daily practice.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Bibliometrics; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Machine Learning; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 35339595
DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.03.019 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has grown significantly, and researchers cannot access the vast amount of literature. This study aimed to explore the research... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has grown significantly, and researchers cannot access the vast amount of literature. This study aimed to explore the research progress in studying HCC over the past 30 years using a machine learning-based bibliometric analysis and to suggest future research directions.
METHODS
Comprehensive research was conducted between 1991 and 2020 in the public version of the PubMed database using the MeSH term "hepatocellular carcinoma." The complete records of the collected results were downloaded in Extensible Markup Language format, and the metadata of each publication, such as the publication year, the type of research, the corresponding author's country, the title, the abstract, and the MeSH terms, were analyzed. We adopted a latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling method on the Python platform to analyze the research topics of the scientific publications.
RESULTS
In the last 30 years, there has been significant and constant growth in the annual publications about HCC (annual percentage growth rate: 7.34%). Overall, 62,856 articles related to HCC from the past 30 years were searched and finally included in this study. Among the diagnosis-related terms, "Liver Cirrhosis" was the most studied. However, in the 2010s, "Biomarkers, Tumor" began to outpace "Liver Cirrhosis." Regarding the treatment-related MeSH terms, "Hepatectomy" was the most studied; however, recent studies related to "Antineoplastic Agents" showed a tendency to supersede hepatectomy. Regarding basic research, the study of "Cell Lines, Tumors,'' appeared after 2000 and has been the most studied among these terms.
CONCLUSION
This was the first machine learning-based bibliometric study to analyze more than 60,000 publications about HCC over the past 30 years. Despite significant efforts in analyzing the literature on basic research, its connection with the clinical field is still lacking. Therefore, more efforts are needed to convert and apply basic research results to clinical treatment. Additionally, it was found that microRNAs have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.
PubMed: 37664017
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227991 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2022: The widespread development of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility in (NG) infection is a global and significant human public health issue. : Therefore,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: The widespread development of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility in (NG) infection is a global and significant human public health issue. : Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate worldwide resistance rates of NG to the azithromycin and erythromycin according to years, regions, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). : We systematically searched the published studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from 1988 to 2021. All analyses were conducted using Stata software. : The 134 reports included in the meta-analysis were performed in 51 countries and examined 165,172 NG isolates. Most of the included studies were from Asia (50 studies) and Europe (46 studies). In the metadata, the global prevalence over the past 30 years were 6% for azithromycin and 48% for erythromycin. There was substantial change in the prevalence of macrolides NG resistance over time ( <0.01). In this metadata, among 58 countries reporting resistance data for azithromycin, 17 (29.3%) countries reported that >5% of specimens had azithromycin resistance. : The implications of this study emphasize the rigorous or improved antimicrobial stewardship, early diagnosis, contact tracing, and enhanced intensive global surveillance system are crucial for control of further spreading of gonococcal emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Topics: Humans; Azithromycin; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Gonorrhea
PubMed: 36568835
DOI: No ID Found -
Vascular Pharmacology Nov 2018A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to test candidate therapeutic approaches in pulmonary hypertension (PH). The efficacy of 522 interventions with >200... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to test candidate therapeutic approaches in pulmonary hypertension (PH). The efficacy of 522 interventions with >200 unregistered drugs was tested on 7254 animals. We propose a modified formula to assess meta-data that concerns the contribution of PH animal model to the denoted efficacy of tested agents. The measure of efficacy expressed as a response ratio for right ventricle systolic pressure was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.46-0.50; P < 0.00001), mean pulmonary artery pressure was 0.54 (0.52-0.56; P < 0.00001), right ventricle hypertrophy was 0.49 (0.48-0.51; P < 0.00001) and pulmonary artery wall thickness was 0.58 (0.56-0.61; P < 0.00001). Only 41 out of 522 interventions were ineffective. The most potent agents to improve both haemodynamic and hypertrophic parameters were ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers with iptakalim, Rho/ROCK inhibitors with fasudil, RAAS regulators with adenosine and ACE2 activators, and anti-inflammatories with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and NF-кB inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Arterial Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Pulmonary Artery; Signal Transduction; Vascular Remodeling; Ventricular Function, Right; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 30145225
DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.004 -
Malaria Journal Sep 2015An accurate estimate of Plasmodium vivax prevalence is essential for the successful implementation of malaria control and elimination programmes. Prevalence estimates... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
An accurate estimate of Plasmodium vivax prevalence is essential for the successful implementation of malaria control and elimination programmes. Prevalence estimates both inform control strategies and are used in their evaluation. Light microscopy is the main method for detecting Plasmodium parasitaemia in the peripheral blood, but compared to molecular diagnostics, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has limited sensitivity.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of detection method on the prevalence of P. vivax and to quantify the extent to which P. vivax infections are undetected by microscopy. Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Database were searched for studies reporting prevalence by PCR and by microscopy and that contained all of the following key words: vivax, PCR, and malaria. Prevalence estimates and study meta-data were extracted systematically from each publication. Combined microscopy:PCR prevalence ratios were estimated by random effects meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were calculated using PCR as the gold standard.
RESULTS
Of 874 studies reviewed, 40 met the criteria for inclusion contributing 54 prevalence pairs. The prevalence of P. vivax infection measured by PCR was consistently higher than the prevalence measured by microscopy with sub-patent parasitaemia. The mean prevalence of infection detected by microscopy was 67 % (95 % CI 59-73 %) lower than the prevalence detected by PCR. The detection of sub-patent parasitaemia did not vary according to the microscopy method (thick or, thick and thin smears), the PCR prevalence (as a measure of the true P. vivax prevalence), the type of blood used or DNA extraction method.
CONCLUSIONS
Quantifying P. vivax parasitaemia by PCR rather than microscopy consistently increased prevalence estimates by a factor of 2.3. Whilst the sensitivity of microscopy can be improved by better methods, molecular methods have potential to be scaled up to improve the detection of P. vivax transmission reservoirs.
Topics: Humans; Malaria, Vivax; Microscopy; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26390924
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0884-z -
Environmental Research Mar 2023Assessing health outcomes associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is important given their persistent and ubiquitous nature. PCBs are classified as... (Review)
Review
Assessing health outcomes associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is important given their persistent and ubiquitous nature. PCBs are classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, but the full range of potential noncancer health effects from exposure to PCBs has not been systematically summarized and evaluated. We used systematic review methods to identify and screen the literature using combined manual review and machine learning approaches. A protocol was developed that describes the literature search strategy and Populations, Exposures, Comparators, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria used to facilitate subsequent screening and categorization of literature into a systematic evidence map of PCB exposure and noncancer health endpoints across 15 organs/systems. A comprehensive literature search yielded 62,599 records. After electronic prioritization steps, 17,037 studies were manually screened at the title and abstract level. An additional 900 studies identified by experts or supplemental searches were also included. After full-text screening of 3889 references, 1586 studies met the PECO criteria. Relevant study details such as the endpoints assessed, exposure duration, and species were extracted into literature summary tables. This review compiles and organizes the human and mammalian studies from these tables into an evidence map for noncancer health endpoints and PCB mixture exposure to identify areas of robust research as well as areas of uncertainty that would benefit from future investigation. Summary data are available online as interactive visuals with downloadable metadata. Sufficient research is available to inform PCB hazard assessments for most organs/systems, but the amount of data to inform associations with specific endpoints differs. Furthermore, despite many years of research, sparse data exist for inhalation and dermal exposures, which are highly relevant human exposure routes. This evidence map provides a foundation for future systematic reviews and noncancer hazard assessments of PCB mixtures and for strategic planning of research to inform areas of greater uncertainty.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Carcinogens; Mammals; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Uncertainty
PubMed: 36580985
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115148 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are considered critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. Food animals such as swine can act as reservoirs of... (Review)
Review
Global Distribution of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin and Carbapenem Resistance and Associated Resistance Markers in of Swine Origin - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are considered critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. Food animals such as swine can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes/bacteria resistant to these antimicrobial classes, and potential dissemination of AMR genes or resistant bacteria from pigs to humans is an ongoing public health threat. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to: (1) estimate global proportion and animal-level prevalence of swine phenotypically resistant to third generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and carbapenems at a country level; and (2) measure abundances and global distribution of the genetic mechanisms that confer resistance to these antimicrobial classes in these isolates. Articles from four databases (CAB Abstracts, PubMed/MEDLINE, PubAg, and Web of Science) were screened to extract relevant data. Overall, proportion of resistant to 3GCs was lower in Australia, Europe, and North America compared to Asian countries. Globally, <5% of all were carbapenem-resistant. Fecal carriage rates (animal-level prevalence) were consistently manifold higher as compared to pooled proportion of resistance in isolates. were the most common 3GC resistance genes globally, with the exception of North America where were the predominant 3GC resistance genes. There was not a single dominant gene subtype globally and several subtypes were dominant depending on the continent. A wide variety of carbapenem-resistance genes ( , ) were identified to be circulating in pig populations globally, albeit at very-low frequencies. However, great statistical heterogeneity and a critical lack of metadata hinders the true estimation of prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to these antimicrobials. Comparatively frequent occurrence of 3GC resistance and emergence of carbapenem resistance in certain countries underline the urgent need for improved AMR surveillance in swine production systems in these countries.
PubMed: 35620091
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853810 -
Birth Defects Research Oct 2022The dynamics and complexities of in utero fetal development create significant challenges in transitioning from lab animal-centric developmental toxicity testing methods...
BACKGROUND
The dynamics and complexities of in utero fetal development create significant challenges in transitioning from lab animal-centric developmental toxicity testing methods to assessment strategies based on new approach methodologies (NAMs). Nevertheless, considerable progress is being made, stimulated by increased research investments and scientific advances, such as induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models. To help identify developmental toxicity NAMs for toxicity screening and potential funding through the American Chemistry Council's Long-Range Research Initiative, a systematic literature review was conducted to better understand the current landscape of developmental toxicity NAMs.
METHODS
Scoping review tools were used to systematically survey the literature (2010-2021; ~18,000 references identified), results and metadata were then extracted, and a user-friendly interactive dashboard was created.
RESULTS
The data visualization dashboard, developed using Tableau® software, is provided as a free, open-access web tool. This dashboard enables straightforward interactive queries and visualizations to identify trends and to distinguish and understand areas or NAMs where research has been most, or least focused.
CONCLUSIONS
Herein, we describe the approach and methods used, summarize the benefits and challenges of applying the systematic-review techniques, and highlight the types of questions and answers for which the dashboard can be used to explore the many different facets of developmental toxicity NAMs.
Topics: Animals; Software; Toxicity Tests; United States
PubMed: 36205106
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2075 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is attributable to household air pollution and is known to increase the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), morbidity... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is attributable to household air pollution and is known to increase the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), morbidity and mortality and women are most susceptible groups for the exposure. In order to understand the global risk among women with COPD due to exposure of household air pollutants, an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Meta regression analysis was carried out to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. The summary estimates of the included studies showed higher prevalence of COPD due to biomass fuel exposure in women. Clinical diagnosis has shown more risk of COPD prevalence compared to diagnosis based on spirometer test alone. However, the data between included studies for both clinical and spirometry-based studies showed higher heterogeneity. The present meta-data analysis has shown that household air pollutants may be a factor associated with increased risk of COPD in women.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Biomass; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33573386
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1887460