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International Journal of Surgery... Jul 2015Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest benign neoplasm of salivary glands.(1) PA can undergo malignant transformation to ex-pleomorphic adenoma (2,3) but rarely, can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the commonest benign neoplasm of salivary glands.(1) PA can undergo malignant transformation to ex-pleomorphic adenoma (2,3) but rarely, can metastasise without malignant transformation.(4,5) Metastasising pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rare malignant tumour which, histologically, is indistinguishable from PA yet produces secondary tumours in distant sites.(6,7,8) OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to review the literature for all reported cases of MPA and create a virtual series. The age and location of primary tumour with the location and time to metastasise will be reviewed. The prognosis and treatment options will be explored.
METHOD
We conducted a PUBMED search with a combination of keywords: metastasizing/metastasising AND pleomorphic adenoma OR mixed tumour. An author's own case has also been included.
RESULTS
Between 1942 and 2014 there were 80 case reports included in the review, plus the authors own case. Mean age at diagnosis of MPA was 49.5 years (range 11-83). Male-to-female ratio was 34:46. The mean time between PA and MPA was 14.9 years (range 0-51), with three cases reporting simultaneous presentation. 72.8% (n = 59) of cases reported PA local recurrence prior to MPA. The three most common sites for MPA were: bone 36.6% (n = 28), lung 33.8% (n = 26) and neck lymph nodes 20.1% (n = 17). Survival was poorly reported, but 41 (80.4%) were alive at 1-year.
CONCLUSION
Benign MPA is rare. Metastasis occurs years after the initial PA and is associated with multiple local recurrences. Histologically, MPA retain their benign nature yet demonstrate malignant behaviour.
Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 25958295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.084 -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... Jan 2021The incidence of occult metastasis (OM) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still widely debated. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the rate of OM... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The incidence of occult metastasis (OM) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still widely debated. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the rate of OM in laryngeal SCC, its impact on recurrence, and the role of elective neck dissection (END) in the management of the clinically negative neck.
METHODS
A systematic review of the English-language literature in Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases on occult metastasis in laryngeal SCC from 1977 to 2018 was conducted. Studies evaluating occult metastasis (OM) in patients with laryngeal SCC with clinically negative necks undergoing surgery were included. Studies evaluating other head and neck subsites, clinically node positive, and salvage patients were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-one articles with a total of 5630 patients were included. The overall rate of OM was 20.5% and was 23% and 12.2% in supraglottic and glottic tumors, respectively. The OM rate in T1-T2 tumors was 13% and 25% in T3-T4 tumors. T3-T4 tumors had significantly greater odds of developing OM compared to T1-T2 tumors (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.61, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.92-3.55, < .00001). Patients with OM were more likely to develop distant metastasis (OR = 5.65, 95% CI = 3.36-9.51, < .00001).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with advanced T-stage laryngeal SCC should undergo elective neck treatment. More aggressive treatment for patients with history of OM should be considered due to the risk of subsequent regional and distant metastasis.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Laryngeal Cartilages; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 32608245
DOI: 10.1177/0003489420937744 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Aug 2023miRNAs have been widely identified as important players in cancer development and progression. Metastasis in breast cancer can occur as relapse of a treated primary... (Review)
Review
miRNAs have been widely identified as important players in cancer development and progression. Metastasis in breast cancer can occur as relapse of a treated primary tumour or at the time of diagnosis of the tumour. The aim of this review is to show if both metastasis are different molecular entities characterised by different miRNA signatures that could be studied as specific biomarkers for each entity. For this, we systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. After searching and reviewing the literature, a total of 30 records were included in this review. Results showed a genetic signature including a total of 5 upregulated miRNAs in metastasis compared with early stages. Of them, miR-23b and miR-200c were exclusively present in relapse metastasis. Finally, we proposed a molecular signature for future studies that can be used as a complementary tool at clinical trials for the diagnosis and characterization of metastasis.
Topics: Humans; Female; MicroRNAs; Breast Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Chronic Disease; Recurrence; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 37353177
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104060 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Jul 2023Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological tumor in developed countries. Clinicopathological factors and molecular subtypes are used to stratify the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological tumor in developed countries. Clinicopathological factors and molecular subtypes are used to stratify the risk of recurrence and to tailor adjuvant treatment. The present study aimed to assess the role of radiomics analysis in pre-operatively predicting molecular or clinicopathological prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
METHODS
Literature was searched for publications reporting radiomics analysis in assessing diagnostic performance of MRI for different outcomes. Diagnostic accuracy performance of risk prediction models was pooled using the metandi command in Stata.
RESULTS
A search of MEDLINE (PubMed) resulted in 153 relevant articles. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria, for a total of 3608 patients. MRI showed pooled sensitivity and specificity 0.785 and 0.814, respectively, in predicting high-grade endometrial carcinoma, deep myometrial invasion (pooled sensitivity and specificity 0.743 and 0.816, respectively), lymphovascular space invasion (pooled sensitivity and specificity 0.656 and 0.753, respectively), and nodal metastasis (pooled sensitivity and specificity 0.831 and 0.736, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-operative MRI-radiomics analyses in patients with endometrial carcinoma is a good predictor of tumor grading, deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and nodal metastasis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Endometrial Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 37094971
DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004313 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2015In this study we examined whether histopathological findings, specifically lymphatic vessel invasion identified by an anti-human podoplanin antibody, and several other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
In this study we examined whether histopathological findings, specifically lymphatic vessel invasion identified by an anti-human podoplanin antibody, and several other factors are associated with lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library, and also handsearched relevant journals, for reports written in English and published between 1998 and 2012, utilizing combination headings, such as 'colorectal cancer,' 'lymph node metastasis,' and 'risk factors.' For the report to be included in our study, the following criteria had to be met: (1) data on the frequency of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer in relation to histopathological factors were reported; (2) patients had undergone bowel resection and had histologically diagnosed T1 colorectal cancer; (3) lymphatic vessel invasion was identified by immunohistochemistry with an anti-human podoplanin antibody rather than by hematoxylin and eosin staining; (4) univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Studies investigating molecular markers were excluded. The independent predictive factors were confirmed in at least one study included in the meta-analysis in the present systematic review. Microsoft Excel 2013 for Windows was used for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Initially, 369 publications were identified in the database searches and handsearches, of which five ultimately met all of the inclusion criteria and selected for this systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that only two factors were significantly associated with T1 colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis: (1) lymphatic vessel invasion identified by an anti-human podoplanin antibody [Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (OR) 5.19; (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.31-8.15; P = 0.01]; (2) tumor budding (OR 7.45; 95 % CI 4.27-13.02; P = 0.0077).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis revealed that lymphatic vessel invasion identified by an anti-human podoplanin antibody and tumor budding were significantly associated with T1 colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis.
Topics: Antibodies, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Membrane Glycoproteins; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 25725617
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1057-0 -
Surgical Oncology Sep 2014Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) has a poor prognosis and survival rates significantly decreases if lymph node metastasis is present. An extensive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) has a poor prognosis and survival rates significantly decreases if lymph node metastasis is present. An extensive lymphadenectomy may increase chances of cure, but may also lead to further postoperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the optimal treatment of cardia cancer remains controversial. A systematic review of English publications dealing with adenocarcinoma of the cardia was conducted to elucidate patterns of nodal spread and prognostic implications.
METHODS
A systematic literature search based on PRISMA guidelines identifying relevant studies describing lymph node metastasis and the associated prognosis. Lymph node stations were classified according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association guidelines.
RESULTS
The highest incidence of metastasis is seen in the nearest regional lymph nodes, station no. 1-3 and additionally in no. 7, 9 and 11. Correspondingly the best survival is seen when metastasis remain in the most locoregional nodes and survival equally tends to decrease as the metastasis become more distant. Furthermore, the presence of lymph node metastasis significantly correlates to the TNM-stage. Incidences of metastasis in mediastinal lymph nodes are associated with poor survival.
CONCLUSION
The best survival rates is seen when lymph node metastasis remains locoregional and survival rates decreases when distant lymph node metastasis is present. The dissection of locoregional lymph nodes offers significantly therapeutic benefit, but larger and prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effect of dissecting distant and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cardia; Esophagogastric Junction; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mediastinum; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 24953457
DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.06.001 -
Pain Oct 2015Analgesics are commonly used to manage pain in cancer patients. It has been suggested that there might be a relation between analgesics and the outgrowth of metastases.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Analgesics are commonly used to manage pain in cancer patients. It has been suggested that there might be a relation between analgesics and the outgrowth of metastases. Opioids might increase and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk of metastasis. Robust analysis of all preclinical evidence, however, has so far been lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of treatment with analgesics on metastasis in experimental animal models. One hundred forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics, outcome data on the number, and incidence of metastases were extracted, and methodological quality was assessed. In the meta-analysis, we included 215 (± 4000 animals) and 137 (± 3000 animals) comparisons between analgesic vs control treatment, respectively, on the number and incidence of metastases. Overall, treatment with analgesics significantly decreases the number and risk of metastasis. This effect appears mainly to be the consequence of the efficacy of NSAIDs. Other factors that modify the efficacy are species, type of NSAIDs administered, timing, and duration of treatment. There is no evidence indicating that treatment with any analgesics increases the occurrence of metastases. Our findings appear robust for the various animal models and designs included in this review, which increases our confidence in the result and translatability to the clinical situation.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Databases, Bibliographic; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pain
PubMed: 26181303
DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000296 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2015Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands. It is a malignant neoplasm that, despite its slow... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands. It is a malignant neoplasm that, despite its slow growth, shows an unfavorable prognosis.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck region and its clinicopathological characteristics, with emphasis on the perineural invasion capacity of the tumor.
METHODS
A systematic search of articles published between January 2000 and January 2014 was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, and Scopus databases.
RESULTS
Nine articles were selected for this systematic review. These demonstrated that the female gender was more often affected and that malignant tumors showed a high rate of distant metastasis, recurrence, and a low survival rate. The presence of perineural invasion ranged from 29.4% to 62.5% and was associated with local tumor recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly characterized by the presence of pain, high rate of recurrence, metastasis, and a low survival rate. Reporting studies with patient follow-up is of utmost importance for a better clinical-pathological understanding and to improve the prognosis of this pathology.
Topics: Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands, Minor; Sex Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 25962319
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.07.016 -
Clinical Endocrinology Nov 2017The outcomes of patients with metastatic phaeochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of baseline... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The outcomes of patients with metastatic phaeochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of baseline characteristics and mortality rates of patients with metastatic PHEO and PGL (PPGL).
DESIGN
Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, and references of key articles were searched from inception to 2016.
PATIENTS
Studies comprised ≥20 patients with metastatic PPGL and reported baseline characteristics and follow-up data.
MEASUREMENTS
Reviewers extracted standardized data and assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool event rates across studies.
RESULTS
Twenty retrospective noncomparative studies reported on 1338 patients with metastatic PHEO (685/1296, 52.9%) and PGL (611/1296, 47.1%), diagnosed at a mean age of 43.9 ± 5.2 years. Mean follow-up was 6.3 ± 3.2 years. Of 532 patients with reported data, 40.4% had synchronous metastases. Five-year (7 studies, n = 738) and 10-year (2 studies, n = 55) mortality rates for patients with metastatic PPGL were 37% (95% CI, 24%-51%) and 29% (95% CI, 17%-42%), respectively. Higher mortality was associated with male sex (RR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11-2.02) and synchronous metastases (RR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.01-5.85).
CONCLUSIONS
Available low-quality evidence from heterogeneous studies suggests low mortality rates of patients with metastatic PPGL. Male sex and synchronous metastases correlated with increased mortality. The outcomes of patients with metastatic PPGL have been inadequately assessed, indicating the need for carefully planned prospective studies.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neoplasm Metastasis; Paraganglioma; Pheochromocytoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28746746
DOI: 10.1111/cen.13434 -
Tumour Biology : the Journal of the... Aug 2015Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignant solid tumor with rapid progression and unfavorable prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for EC patients was estimated to... (Review)
Review
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignant solid tumor with rapid progression and unfavorable prognosis. The 5-year survival rate for EC patients was estimated to be less than 10 %. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve diagnostic tool and effective treatment therapies for EC patients. In our paper, the general structure and function of chemokines and their receptors as well as their role in cancer progression were shortly presented. Moreover, the aim of our paper was to summarize and refer the current findings concerning the role of selected chemokines and their receptors as candidates for tumor markers of EC. Some clinical investigations have proved the involvement of these proteins in proliferation, migration, invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Increasing evidence from previous studies suggested that C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 may provide novel diagnostic and prognostic strategies to reduce the burden of EC. Moreover, therapy targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may open a new direction for treatment of EC patients. However, given their nonspecific nature, the diagnostic value of chemokines and their receptors may be limited. Therefore, future larger investigations, especially in the blood of EC patients, still need to be continued to further clarify the significance of these proteins as potential candidates for tumor markers in diagnosis and prognosis of EC patients.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Chemokine CXCL12; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26130416
DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3705-7