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Meat Science Oct 2022Biofilm formation is a serious threat in the meat industry, mainly since it aids food-borne pathogen survival. Biofilms are often difficult to eliminate, and it is... (Review)
Review
Biofilm formation is a serious threat in the meat industry, mainly since it aids food-borne pathogen survival. Biofilms are often difficult to eliminate, and it is essential to understand the best possible deployable measures to remove or inactivate biofilms. We systematically reviewed the published in vitro studies that investigated various methods for removing biofilms in red meat. Publicly available databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, were queried for relevant studies. The search was restricted to articles published in the English language from 2010 to 2021. We mined a total of 394 studies, of which 12 articles were included in this review. In summary, the studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of various methods, including the use of bacteriophages, dry heat, cold atmospheric pressure, ozone gas, oils, and acids, on red meat extract or red meat culture. This systematic review suggests that in addition to existing sanitation and antibiotic procedures, other methods, such as the use of phage cocktails and different oils as nanoparticles, yield positive outcomes and may be taken from the in vitro setting to industry with prior validation of the techniques.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Food Microbiology; Meat; Oils; Red Meat
PubMed: 35671629
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108870 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2022Escherichia coli accounts for nearly 80% of community-acquired and 50% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A global systematic review and meta-analysis on correlation between biofilm producers and non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichiacoli.
Escherichia coli accounts for nearly 80% of community-acquired and 50% of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between biofilm producers and Non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from patients with UTI globally. The search was conducted between 1st 2000 to 30 October 2021 in various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google Scholar) with suitable MeSH terms, and text words. Then, after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria on the studies for their selection, the data were analyzed by CMA software. Thirty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria to include. The pooled prevalence of ESBL and MDR isolates were reported 37.9%, and 65.8%, respectively. Biofilm formation varied between 13.3% and 99% all over the world. A total of 74.4% of all isolates were biofilm producers, out of which 28.6%, 35.2%, and 38.6% showed strong, moderate, and weak biofilm. The highest and lowest resistance was against Amoxicillin and Meropenem with the prevalence of 80.8%, and 13%, respectively. Fourteen out of 17(82.35%) studies reported a positive correlation between biofilm and antibiotic resistance. Findings showed high numbers of isolates were able to form biofilm, which is one of the factors of antibiotic resistance, and this has been confirmed by the positive significant correlation between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance that has been reported by studies included. Therefore, due to the importance of biofilm in the etiology of UTI caused by UPEC, it should be prevented; consequently, bacterial resistance can be reduced and controlled.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
PubMed: 35065252
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105412 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI)....
This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60-4.47; < 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant . BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28-5.48; < 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53-2.74; < 0.01). spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum -lactamase-producing strains of , were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30-6.54; < 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33-5.86; < 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67-10.17; < 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.
PubMed: 34356749
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070825 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2021Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive disorders that affect the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis....
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive disorders that affect the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis. Inflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of these injuries. Periodontitis is considered an inflammatory disease caused by oral biofilms around the tooth-supporting tissues, leading to a systemic and chronic inflammatory condition. Thus, this systematic review aimed to search for evidence in the association between neurodegenerative disorders and periodontitis. This systematic review was registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the code CRD 42016038327. The search strategy was performed in three electronic databases and one gray literature source-PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey, based on the PECO acronym: observational studies in humans (P) in which a neurodegenerative disease was present (E) or absent (C) to observe an association with periodontitis (O). The Fowkes and Fulton checklist was used to critically appraise the methodological quality and the risk of bias of individual studies. The quality of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). From 534 articles found, 12 were included, of which eight were case-control, three were cross-sectional, and one was a cohort, giving a total of 3,460 participants. All the included studies reported an association between some neurodegenerative diseases and periodontitis and presented a low risk of bias. According to the GRADE approach, the level of evidence of probing pocket depth was considered very low due to the significant heterogeneity across the studies' upgrading imprecision and inconsistency. Although all the included studies in this review reported an association between neurodegenerative diseases and periodontitis, the level of evidence was classified to be very low, which suggests a cautious interpretation of the results.
PubMed: 34108875
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.651437 -
Parasitology Research Aug 2021Acanthamoeba spp. have always caused disease in immunosuppressed patients, but since 1986, they have become a worldwide public health issue by causing infection in... (Review)
Review
Acanthamoeba spp. have always caused disease in immunosuppressed patients, but since 1986, they have become a worldwide public health issue by causing infection in healthy contact lens wearers. Amoebae of the Acanthamoeba genus are broadly distributed in nature, living either freely or as parasites, and are frequently associated with biofilms throughout the environment. These biofilms provide the parasite with protection against external aggression, thus favoring its increased pathogeny. This review aims to assess observational studies on the association between Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms, opening potential lines of research on this severe ocular infection. A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2020 in the following databases: PubMed Central/Medline, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The studies were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria specifically defined for this review. Electronic research recovered 353 publications in the literature. However, none of the studies met the inclusion criterion of biofilm-producing Acanthamoeba spp., inferring that the parasite does not produce biofilms. Nonetheless, 78 studies were classified as potentially included regarding any association of Acanthamoeba spp. and biofilms. These studies were allocated across six different locations (hospital, aquatic, ophthalmic and dental environments, biofilms produced by bacteria, and other places). Acanthamoeba species use biofilms produced by other microorganisms for their benefit, in addition to them providing protection to and facilitating the dissemination of pathogens residing in them.
Topics: Acanthamoeba; Bacteria; Biofilms; Contact Lenses; Hospitals; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 34292376
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07240-6 -
Journal of Long-term Effects of Medical... 2022Understanding the microbiological makeup of peri-implant biofilm could contribute to the discovery of focused treatment strategies, improving the outcome of...
Understanding the microbiological makeup of peri-implant biofilm could contribute to the discovery of focused treatment strategies, improving the outcome of peri-implantitis management. However, the bacterial profile in diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci is still unclear. This systematic review aims to analyze the microbiological similarities and differences between diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci based on the available literature evidence. A thorough search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, as well as a manual search employing the eligibility criteria. After a thorough review, studies evaluating the microbial composition acquired from plaque samples obtained from patients with diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci were chosen. The selected 8 studies evaluated the differences in microbial profile in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Five studies found a statistically significant variation in the microbial profile between diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci, while in one study, no changes in the microbiology of inflammatory peri-implant and periodontal sites were observed. In one of the two in situ studies, the structure of the transcription level and core species was different in peri-implantitis, whereas the other in situ study found that the 16S rRNA-based bacterial profile of both the diseases were different, while the functional genes, taxonomic, and virulence factor mRNA profiles were identical. According to existing studies, significant differences in the biofilm composition of diseased periodontal and peri-implant sulci were observed. Therefore, periodontitis and peri-implantitis have diverse microbial characteristics.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Implants; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36017930
DOI: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2022043121 -
European Review For Medical and... Oct 2014Biofilms are microbial communities consisting of bacteria, extremely capable to self-reproduce on biological surfaces, causing infections. Frequently, these biofilms are... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Biofilms are microbial communities consisting of bacteria, extremely capable to self-reproduce on biological surfaces, causing infections. Frequently, these biofilms are resistant to classical antibacterial treatments and host immune response. Thus, new adjuvant molecules are mandatory in clinical practice. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione, has been investigated for its effectiveness both in inhibiting biofilm formation and in destroying developed biofilms. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic literature review of clinical trials involving NAC as adjuvant treatment to eradicate pre-formed mature biofilms and to inhibit new biofilm production.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A careful analysis of the Medline was conducted and eight studies were selected according to the following criteria: site of infection, kind of bacteria, design of the research, dose of the treatment, administration, biological effects and results. We fixed an arbitrary scale of scores from 0 (lowest score) to 5 (highest score) for each criterion and a threshold value of 3.
RESULTS
The studies analyzed, with score over 3, suggested a potential role for NAC as adjuvant molecule in the treatment of bacterial biofilms, with an excellent safety and efficacy profile. NAC, in combination with different antibiotics, significantly promoted their permeability to the deepest layers of the biofilm, overcoming the problem of the resistance to the classic antibacterial therapeutic approach.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these results are encouraging to a more widespread clinical use of NAC, as adjuvant therapy for microbial infections followed by biofilm settle, which may occur in several body districts, such as the vaginal cavity.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans
PubMed: 25339490
DOI: No ID Found -
Military Medicine May 2024Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing threat to civilian and military health today. Although infections were once easily treatable by antibiotics and wound... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing threat to civilian and military health today. Although infections were once easily treatable by antibiotics and wound cleaning, the frequent mutation of bacteria has created strains impermeable to antibiotics and physical attack. Bacteria further their pathogenicity because of their ability to form biofilms on wounds, medical devices, and implant surfaces. Methods for treating biofilms in clinical settings are limited, and when formed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, can generate chronic infections that are recalcitrant to available therapies. Bacteriophages are natural viral predators of bacteria, and their ability to rapidly destroy their host has led to increased attention in potential phage therapy applications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present article sought to address a knowledge gap in the available literature pertaining to the usage of bacteriophage in clinically relevant settings and the resolution of infections particular to military concerns. PRISMA guidelines were followed for a systematic review of available literature that met the criteria for analysis and inclusion. The research completed for this review article originated from the U.S. Military Academy's library "Scout" search engine, which complies results from 254 available databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder). The search criteria included original studies that employed bacteriophage use against biofilms, as well as successful phage therapy strategies for combating chronic bacterial infections. We specifically explored the use of bacteriophage against antibiotic- and treatment-resistant bacteria.
RESULTS
A total of 80 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria following PRISMA guidelines. The application of bacteriophage has been demonstrated to robustly disrupt biofilm growth in wounds and on implant surfaces. When traditional therapies have failed to disrupt biofilms and chronic infections, a combination of these treatments with phage has proven to be effective, often leading to complete wound healing without reinfection.
CONCLUSIONS
This review article examines the available literature where bacteriophages have been utilized to treat biofilms in clinically relevant settings. Specific attention is paid to biofilms on implant medical devices, biofilms formed on wounds, and clinical outcomes, where phage treatment has been efficacious. In addition to the clinical benefit of phage therapies, the military relevance and treatment of combat-related infections is also examined. Phages offer the ability to expand available treatment options in austere environments with relatively low cost and effort, allowing the impacted warfighter to return to duty quicker and healthier.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Bacteriophages; Phage Therapy
PubMed: 37847552
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad385 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015Oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are mainly caused by microbial biofilms. Antibiotic therapy has reached its limits with regard to antimicrobial... (Review)
Review
Oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are mainly caused by microbial biofilms. Antibiotic therapy has reached its limits with regard to antimicrobial resistance, and new therapeutic measures utilizing natural phytochemicals are currently a focus of research. Hence, this systematic review provides a critical presentation of the antimicrobial effects of various medicinal herbs against in vitro, ex vivo, and in situ formed multispecies oral biofilms. Searches were performed in three English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CAMbase) and the electronic archives of five German journals from the times of their establishment until October 10th, 2014, with the search terms "(plant extracts OR herbal extracts OR plant OR herb) AND (oral biofilm OR dental biofilm OR dental plaque OR oral disease OR dental disease)." The pooled data were assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Initially, 1848 articles were identified, out of which 585 full-text articles were screened, 149 articles were reevaluated for eligibility and finally, 14 articles met all inclusion criteria. The data of 14 reports disclosed enhanced antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity by the plant extracts obtained from Vitis vinifera, Pinus spp., Coffea canephora, Camellia sinensis, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Galla chinensis, Caesalpinia ferrea Martius, Psidium cattleianum, representative Brazilian plants and manuka honey. Overall, a positive correlation was revealed between herb-based therapies and elimination rates of all types of multispecies oral biofilms. In that context, integrating or even replacing conventional dental therapy protocols with herbal-inspired treatments can allow effective antimicrobial control of oral biofilms and thus, dental diseases.
PubMed: 26834707
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01529 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2022Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that can be harmful and/or beneficial, depending on location and cell content. Since in most cases (such as the formation of... (Review)
Review
A review on biofilms and the currently available antibiofilm approaches: Matrix-destabilizing hydrolases and anti-bacterial peptides as promising candidates for the food industries.
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that can be harmful and/or beneficial, depending on location and cell content. Since in most cases (such as the formation of biofilms in laboratory/medicinal equipment, water pipes, high humidity-placed structures, and the food packaging machinery) these bacterial and fungal communities are troublesome, researchers in various fields are trying to find a promising strategy to destroy or slow down their formation. In general, anti-biofilm strategies are divided into the plant-based and non-plant categories, with the latter including nanoparticles, bacteriophages, enzymes, surfactants, active peptides and free fatty acids. In most cases, using a single strategy will not be sufficient to eliminate biofilm, and consequently, two or more strategies will inevitably be used to deal with this unwanted phenomenon. According to the analysis of potential biofilm inhibition strategies, the best option for the food industry would be the use of hydrolase enzymes and peptides extracted from natural sources. This article represents a systematic review of the previous efforts made in these directions.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Food Industry; Hydrolases; Peptides; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 36058386
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.192