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International Dental Journal Feb 2023Although various probiotic organisms have been evaluated for their utility in the management of periodontitis, their strain-specific mechanisms of action are still... (Review)
Review
Although various probiotic organisms have been evaluated for their utility in the management of periodontitis, their strain-specific mechanisms of action are still unclear. We aimed to systematically review the effect of bifidobacterial probiotics on periodontopathogens and host immune responses in periodontal diseases. An electronic search of articles published until June 2022 in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in vitro and animal studies were assessed, and the data regarding antimicrobial properties, immunomodulation, and clinical outcomes were analysed. A total of 304 studies were screened, but only 3 RCTs and 6 animal and in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. The use of different strains of bifidobacteria led to (1) a reduction of key players of the red complex periodontopathogens; (2) reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]1-β and IL-8) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10); (3) enhanced levels of osteoprotegerin and reduced levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; and (4) a reduction of the dental plaque, bleeding on probing, alveolar bone loss, and clinical attachment loss. Bifidobacterial probiotic adjuvant supplementation, especially with Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis, appears to help improve clinical periodontal parameters and develop a healthy plaque microbiome through microbiological and immunomodulatory pathways. Further human and animal studies are warranted prior to the therapeutic use of bifidobacteria in the routine management of periodontal infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bifidobacterium; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Cytokines
PubMed: 36535806
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.018 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2014Many publications are available on the topic of compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities all over the world. The approaches of... (Review)
Review
Many publications are available on the topic of compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities all over the world. The approaches of developing and developed countries show wide variation, but the principles of infection prevention and control are the same globally. This study is a systematic review and global perspective of the available literature on infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities. Nine focus areas on compliance with infection-control measures were investigated: knowledge of infectious occupational hazards; personal hygiene and care of hands; correct application of personal protective equipment; use of environmental barriers and disposable items; sterilisation (recirculation) of instruments and handpieces; disinfection (surfaces) and housekeeping; management of waste disposal; quality control of dental unit waterlines, biofilms and water; and some special considerations. Various international studies from developed countries have reported highly scientific evidence-based information. In developed countries, the resources for infection prevention and control are freely available, which is not the case in developing countries. The studies in developing countries also indicate serious shortcomings with regard to infection prevention and control knowledge and education in oral health-care facilities. This review highlights the fact that availability of resources will always be a challenge, but more so in developing countries. This presents unique challenges and the opportunity for innovative thinking to promote infection prevention and control.
Topics: Dental Facilities; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Disinfection; Equipment Contamination; Global Health; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Infection Control, Dental; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sterilization
PubMed: 25244364
DOI: 10.1111/idj.12134 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain evidence on the antimicrobial effectiveness of aPDT associated with AMP and establish in vitro knowledge on this topic for further study designs. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Two independent and calibrated researchers (Kappa = 0.88) performed all the systematic steps according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect measure. The Peto method was used to perform the meta-analysis due to the sparse data. Twenty studies were included in the present review. The result was significant (OR = 0.14/ = 0.0235/I-squared = 0%), showing better outcomes of aPDT associated with peptides than those of aPDT alone for controlling the microbial load. Only 20% of the studies included evaluated this approach in a biofilm culture. Combined treatment with aPDT and AMP highly increased the ability of microbial reduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, additional blind studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy on microbial biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Peptides; Biofilms; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35328647
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063226 -
Operative Dentistry 2018Biofilm (bacterial plaque) accumulation on the surface of restorative materials favors the occurrence of secondary caries and periodontal inflammation. Surface... (Review)
Review
Biofilm (bacterial plaque) accumulation on the surface of restorative materials favors the occurrence of secondary caries and periodontal inflammation. Surface characteristics of restorations can be modified by finishing and/or polishing procedures and may affect bacterial adhesion. The aim of this systematic review was to characterize how finishing and polishing methods affect the surface properties of different restorative materials with regard to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane-CENTRAL, and LILACS databases. From 2882 potential articles found in the initial searches, only 18 met the eligible criteria and were included in this review (12 with in vitro design, four with in situ design, and two clinical trials). However, they presented high heterogeneity regarding materials considered and methodology for evaluating the desired outcome. Risk bias analysis showed that only two studies presented low risk (whereas 11 showed high and five showed medium risk). Thus, only descriptive analyses considering study design, materials, intervention (finishing/polishing), surface characteristics (roughness and surface free energy), and protocol for biofilm formation (bacterial adhesion) could be performed. Some conclusions could be drawn: the impact of roughness on bacterial adhesion seems to be related not to a roughness threshold (as previously believed) but rather to a range, the range of surface roughness among different polishing methods is wide and material dependent, finishing invariably creates a rougher surface and should always be followed by a polishing method, each dental material requires its own treatment modality to obtain and maintain as smooth a surface as possible, and in vitro designs do not seem to be powerful tools to draw relevant conclusions, so in vivo and in situ designs become strongly recommended.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Materials; Dental Polishing; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans
PubMed: 29284102
DOI: 10.2341/17-073-L -
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Mar 2024The entrance of some toxic and hazardous chemical agents such as antibiotics, pesticides, and herbicides into the environment can cause various problems to human health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The entrance of some toxic and hazardous chemical agents such as antibiotics, pesticides, and herbicides into the environment can cause various problems to human health and the environment. In recent years, researchers have considered the use of electrostimulation in the processes of microbial metabolism and biological systems for the treatment of pollutants in the environment. Although several electrostimulation reports have been presented for pollutant removal, little attention has been paid to alternative current (AC) biostimulation. This study presents a systematic review of microbial electrostimulation using bioelectrochemical systems supplied with AC. The utilization of alternating current bioelectrochemical systems (ACBESs) has some advantages such as the provide of appropriate active biofilms in the electrodes due to the cyclical nature of the current and energy transfer in an appropriate manner on the electrode surfaces. Moreover, the ACBESs can reduce hydraulic time (HRT) under optimal conditions and reduce the cost of converting electricity using AC. In microbial electrostimulation, amplitude (AMPL), waveform, C/N, and current have a significant effect on increasing the removal efficiency of the pollutants. The obtained results of the meta-analysis illustrated that various pollutants such as phenol, antibiotics, and nitrate have been removed in an acceptable range of 96% using the ACBESs. Therefore, microbial electrostimulation using AC is a promising technology for the decomposition and removal of various pollutants. Moreover, the ACBESs could provide new opportunities for promoting various bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for the production of hydrogen or methane.
Topics: Humans; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Electricity; Electrodes; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Restoration and Remediation
PubMed: 38101243
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110369 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2021In light of recent technological advances in Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the accumulation of large, publicly available oral microbiome datasets, the need for...
In light of recent technological advances in Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the accumulation of large, publicly available oral microbiome datasets, the need for meta-analysing data on caries microbiome is becoming feasible and essential. A consensus on the identification of enriched organisms in cariogenic dysbiotic biofilms would be reached. For example, members of the genus have been detected in caries biofilms, and may have an underestimated contribution to the dysbiotic process. Hence, we aimed to determine the abundance of species in dental caries in studies using NGS data. Analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (registered at PROSPERO: CRD42020204150). Studies investigating microbial composition in saliva, dental biofilm, or carious dentin were included. Six databases and grey literature were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the papers and assessed the methodological quality. Searches retrieved 1,323 titles, from which 38 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis, comprising a total of 1,374 caries and 745 caries-free individuals. Most studies analysed 16S rRNA amplicons, and only 5 studies used shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. A geographical bias was observed. The methodological quality was downrated in 81.5% of the studies due to the lack of criteria for defining cases and standard criteria used for measurement of the condition in a reliable way. Six studies on early childhood caries (ECC) were meta-analysed, confirming a significant enrichment of spp. in caries-associated biofilms (but not saliva) when compared to caries-free controls [mean difference: 2.22 (0.54-3.90); = 0.01]. . is more abundant in individuals suffering with ECC when compared to caries-free controls (very low evidence certainty), and should be considered for further studies to observe their metabolism in dental caries. There is an urgent need for a consensus in methodologies used to allow for more rigorous comparison between NGS studies, particularly including clinical data and details of caries diagnosis, as they are currently scarce. Inconsistent reporting on the NGS data affected the cross-study comparison and the biological connexions of the relative abundances on caries microbiome.
PubMed: 35048071
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.770917 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2023Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity, common amongst young children. The fluid may cause hearing loss. When persistent,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity, common amongst young children. The fluid may cause hearing loss. When persistent, it may lead to developmental delay, social difficulty and poor quality of life. Management of OME includes watchful waiting, autoinflation, medical and surgical treatment. Antibiotics are sometimes used to treat any bacteria present in the effusion, or associated biofilms.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of oral antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT Register, CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished studies to 20 January 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials in children aged 6 months to 12 years with unilateral or bilateral OME. We included studies that compared oral antibiotics with either placebo or no treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were determined following a multi-stakeholder prioritisation exercise and were: 1) hearing, 2) otitis media-specific quality of life and 3) anaphylaxis. Secondary outcomes were: 1) persistence of OME, 2) adverse effects, 3) receptive language skills, 4) speech development, 5) cognitive development, 6) psychosocial skills, 7) listening skills, 8) generic health-related quality of life, 9) parental stress, 10) vestibular function and 11) episodes of acute otitis media. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. Although we included all measures of hearing assessment, the proportion of children who returned to normal hearing was our preferred method to assess hearing, due to challenges in interpreting the results of mean hearing thresholds.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified 19 completed studies that met our inclusion criteria (2581 participants). They assessed a variety of oral antibiotics (including penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and trimethoprim), with most studies using a 10- to 14-day treatment course. We had some concerns about the risk of bias in all studies included in this review. Here we report our primary outcomes and main secondary outcome, at the longest reported follow-up time. Antibiotics versus placebo We included 11 studies for this comparison, but none reported all of our outcomes of interest and limited meta-analysis was possible. Hearing One study found that more children may return to normal hearing by two months (resolution of the air-bone gap) after receiving antibiotics as compared with placebo, but the evidence is very uncertain (Peto odds ratio (OR) 9.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51 to 26.18; 20/49 children who received antibiotics returned to normal hearing versus 0/37 who received placebo; 1 study, 86 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Disease-specific quality of life No studies assessed this outcome. Presence/persistence of OME At 6 to 12 months of follow-up, the use of antibiotics compared with placebo may slightly reduce the number of children with persistent OME, but the confidence intervals were wide, and the evidence is very uncertain (risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.17; 48% versus 54%; number needed to treat (NNT) 17; 2 studies, 324 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Adverse event: anaphylaxis No studies provided specific data on anaphylaxis. Three of the included studies (448 children) did report adverse events in sufficient detail to assume that no anaphylactic reactions occurred, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low-certainty evidence). Antibiotics versus no treatment We included eight studies for this comparison, but very limited meta-analysis was possible. Hearing One study found that the use of antibiotics compared to no treatment may result in little to no difference in final hearing threshold at three months (mean difference (MD) -5.38 dB HL, 95% CI -9.12 to -1.64; 1 study, 73 participants; low-certainty evidence). The only data identified on the return to normal hearing were reported at 10 days of follow-up, which we considered to be too short to accurately reflect the efficacy of antibiotics. Disease-specific quality of life No studies assessed this outcome. Presence/persistence of OME Antibiotics may reduce the proportion of children who have persistent OME at up to three months of follow-up, when compared with no treatment (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.80; 6 studies, 542 participants; low-certainty evidence). Adverse event: anaphylaxis No studies provided specific data on anaphylaxis. Two of the included studies (180 children) did report adverse events in sufficient detail to assume that no anaphylactic reactions occurred, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence for the use of antibiotics for OME is of low to very low certainty. Although the use of antibiotics compared to no treatment may have a slight beneficial effect on the resolution of OME at up to three months, the overall impact on hearing is very uncertain. The long-term effects of antibiotics are unclear and few of the studies included in this review reported on potential harms. These important endpoints should be considered when weighing up the potential short- and long-term benefits and harms of antibiotic treatment in a condition with a high spontaneous resolution rate.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Otitis Media with Effusion; Quality of Life; Anaphylaxis; Hearing Loss
PubMed: 37870130
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015254.pub2 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Oct 2023Oral infection is a common clinical symptom. While antibiotics are widely employed as the primary treatment for oral diseases, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria... (Review)
Review
Oral infection is a common clinical symptom. While antibiotics are widely employed as the primary treatment for oral diseases, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. One such modality is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which utilizes light and photosensitizers. Indeed, aPDT has been used alone or in combination with other treatment options dealing with periodontal disease for the elimination of biofilms from bacterial community to achieve bone formation and/or tissue regeneration. In this review article, in addition to factors affecting the efficacy of aPDT, various photosensitizers, the latest technology and perspectives on aPDT are discussed in detail. More importantly, the article emphasizes the novel design and clinical applications of photosensitizers, as well as the synergistic effects of chemical and biomolecules with aPDT to achieve the complete eradication of biofilms and even enhance the biological performance of tissues surrounding the treated oral area.
PubMed: 37799910
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.002 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jul 2022Freshwater periphytic biofilms (FPBs), existing widely in various aquatic environments, have attracted extensive attention for many years. In the present study, a... (Review)
Review
Freshwater periphytic biofilms (FPBs), existing widely in various aquatic environments, have attracted extensive attention for many years. In the present study, a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was used to understand the research progress, trends, and hot topics of FPBs qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that publications on FPBs have increased from 1991 to 2020 rapidly, and researchers have focused more on the areas of environmental sciences, microbiology, and marine freshwater biology. The most influential countries were mainly the USA, Spain, France, and Germany. Cooperation network analysis reflected that the USA and its affiliated institutions played crucial roles in the research of FPB cooperation, but the collaboration between core author groups still fell short. Based on the analysis of top 20 high-cited FPB documents over the last 30 years, research hotspots mainly included micro-observation and assembly mechanisms of FPBs; interactions of FPBs and pollutants including heavy metals, antibiotic resistance genes, pathogens, organic pollutants, and nanoparticles; and the role of FPBs for biogeochemical cycling, especially nitrogen cycling. Additionally, future research directions were proposed. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of FPBs, which is useful for research development and researchers who are interested in this area.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Biofilms; Environmental Pollutants; Fresh Water; Metals, Heavy
PubMed: 35522418
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20238-6 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2024Aminoglycosides are vital antibiotics for treating Brucella infections, because they interfere with bacterial protein production and are often combined with other... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Aminoglycosides are vital antibiotics for treating Brucella infections, because they interfere with bacterial protein production and are often combined with other antibiotics. They are cost-effective, have fewer side effects, and can penetrate biofilms. The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years, increasing the need for effective treatments. In addition, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Brucella strains has highlighted the need for an updated and comprehensive understanding of aminoglycoside resistance. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus.
METHODS
A systematic search of online databases was conducted and eligible studies met certain criteria and were published in English. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI Checklist. A random-effects model was fitted to the data, and meta-regression, subgroup, and outlier/influential analyses were performed. The analysis was performed using R and the metafor package.
RESULTS
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the average prevalence rates of streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin resistance were 0.027 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015-0.049), 0.023 (95% CI, 0.017-0.032), and 0.008 (95% CI, 0.002-0.039), respectively. The prevalence of streptomycin resistance was higher in the unidentified Brucella group than in the B. abortus and B. melitensis groups (0.234, 0.046, and 0.017, respectively; p < 0.02). The prevalence of gentamicin resistance increased over time (r = 0.064; 95% CI, 0.018 to 0.111; p = 0.007). The prevalence of resistance did not correlate with the quality score for any antibiotic. Funnel plots showed a potential asymmetry for streptomycin and gentamicin. These results suggest a low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the studied populations.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus was low. However, gentamicin resistance has increased in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive and updated understanding of aminoglycoside resistance in B. melitensis and B. abortus.
Topics: Humans; Brucella melitensis; Brucella abortus; Aminoglycosides; Prevalence; Brucellosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptomycin; Gentamicins
PubMed: 38228936
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01233-6