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Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2023Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the prevalence of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups and their correlation with biofilm formation among UPEC isolates through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted from 1, 2000, to the end of 2021 in different databases for studies that reported biofilm together with virulence genes or phylogenetic groups in UPEC isolates from patients with UTI according to PRISMA protocol. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive meta-analysis software.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of biofilm formers was 74.7%. The combined prevalence of phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, and D (s) were reported at 19.6%, 11%, 50.7%, and 20.5%, respectively. The most common virulence genes reported worldwide were , , and , with a combined prevalence of 90.3%, 86.6%, and 64.9%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of biofilm formation in UPEC isolates with phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, D, C, and F were 12.4%, 8.7%, 33.7%, 12.4%, 2.6%, and 2.65%, respectively. Several studies showed a correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups.
CONCLUSION
Regarding data obtained, the high level of combined biofilm formation (74.7%) and the presence of a positive correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups as reported by the most studies included in the present review, indicates an important role of biofilm in the persistence of UPEC in the UTI.
PubMed: 38024522
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_637_22 -
Biofouling Sep 2017The aim of this systematic review is to characterize and discuss key methodological aspects of in vitro biofilm models for caries-related research and to verify the... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review is to characterize and discuss key methodological aspects of in vitro biofilm models for caries-related research and to verify the reproducibility and dose-response of models considering the response to anti-caries and/or antimicrobial substances. Inclusion criteria were divided into Part I (PI): an in vitro biofilm model that produces a cariogenic biofilm and/or caries-like lesions and allows pH fluctuations; and Part II (PII): models showing an effect of anti-caries and/or antimicrobial substances. Within PI, 72.9% consisted of dynamic biofilm models, while 27.1% consisted of batch models. Within PII, 75.5% corresponded to dynamic models, whereas 24.5% corresponded to batch models. Respectively, 20.4 and 14.3% of the studies reported dose-response validations and reproducibility, and 32.7% were classified as having a high risk of bias. Several in vitro biofilm models are available for caries-related research; however, most models lack validation by dose-response and reproducibility experiments for each proposed protocol.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Dental Caries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Models, Biological; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva, Artificial
PubMed: 28792234
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1354248 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Feb 2024To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effectiveness of mechanical and chemical decontamination methods for the treatment of dental implant surfaces affected by peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently eliminate bacterial biofilms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2022. The search strategy followed the PICOS format and included only in vitro studies completed on either dental implant or titanium disk samples. The assessed outcome variable consisted of the most effective method(s)-chemical or mechanical- removing bacterial biofilm from titanium surfaces. A meta-analysis was conducted, and data was summarized through single- and multi-level random effects model (p < .05).
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 5260 articles after the removal of duplicates. After assessment by title, abstract, and full-text review, a total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Different decontamination methods were assessed, including both mechanical and chemical, with the most common method across studies being chlorhexidine (CHX). Significant heterogeneity was noted across the included studies. The meta-analyses only identified a significant difference in biofilm reduction when CHX treatment was compared against PBS. The remaining comparisons did not identify significant differences between the various decontamination methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results do not demonstrate that one method of decontamination is superior in eliminating bacterial biofilm from titanium disk and implant surfaces.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Dental Implants; Titanium; Decontamination; Chlorhexidine; Bacteria
PubMed: 38345466
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.839 -
Quintessence International (Berlin,... 2018The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the periodontal tissue inflammation indexes in patients undergoing different orthodontic treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the periodontal tissue inflammation indexes in patients undergoing different orthodontic treatment.
METHOD AND MATERIALS
The Cochrane Oral Health Group specialist trials, Medline, and Embase databases were used for the research. All the included studies had to report bleeding on probing (BOP) depth as primary outcome. Changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level, Gingival Index, and Periodontal Index were included in the review as secondary outcome measurements.
RESULTS
Ten studies reporting on 421 patients and different types of orthodontic treatment were selected for the analysis. Owing to the heterogeneity of studies present in the literature, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
Within their limits, the results showed an increase of periodontal parameters after orthodontic treatment, indicating that it influences the accumulation and composition of the subgingival microbiota and subsequently induces more inflammation and higher BOP.
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Orthodontics; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis
PubMed: 29114647
DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a39225 -
Water Research Jul 2022The amount of norovirus RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) in raw wastewater, collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), can provide an indication of disease prevalence... (Review)
Review
The amount of norovirus RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) in raw wastewater, collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), can provide an indication of disease prevalence within the sampled catchment. However, an accurate back-estimation might be impeded by the uncertainties from in-sewer/in-sample degradation of viral RNA, variable shedding magnitude, and difficulties in measurement within raw wastewater. The current study reviewed the published literature regarding the factors of norovirus shedding, viral RNA decay in wastewater, and the occurrence of norovirus RNA in raw wastewater based on molecular detection. Sensitivity analysis for WBE back-estimation was conducted using the reported data of the factors mentioned above considering different viral loads in wastewater samples. It was found that the back-estimation is more sensitive to analytical detection uncertainty than shedding variability for norovirus. Although seasonal temperature change can lead to variation of decay rates and may influence the sensitivity of this pathogen-specific parameter, decay rates of norovirus RNA contribute negligibly to the variance in estimating disease prevalence, based on the available data from decay experiments in bulk wastewater under different temperatures. However, the effects of in-sewer transportation on viral RNA decay and retardation by sewer biofilms on pipe surfaces are largely unknown. Given the highest uncertainty from analytical measurement by molecular methods and complexity of in-sewer processes that norovirus experienced during the transportation to WWTP, future investigations are encouraged to improve the accuracy of viral RNA detection in wastewater and delineate viral retardation/interactions with wastewater biofilms in real sewers.
Topics: Biofilms; Caliciviridae Infections; Humans; Norovirus; RNA, Viral; Wastewater
PubMed: 35598472
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118610 -
Microorganisms Feb 2023Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A... (Review)
Review
Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A systematic review of the to-date knowledge on larval therapy's interaction with chronic-wound biofilm is presented here. The findings detail how larval therapy-the controlled application of necrophagous blowfly larvae-acts on biofilms produced by chronic-wound-relevant bacteria through their principle pharmacological mode of action: the secretion and excretion of biologically active substances into the wound bed. A total of 12 inclusion-criteria-meeting publications were identified following the application of a PRISMA-guided methodology for a systematic review. The findings of these publications were qualitatively analyzed to provide a summary of the prevailing understanding of larval therapy's effects on bacterial biofilm. A further review assessed the quality of the existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways these may be bridged. In summary, larval therapy has a seemingly unarguable ability to inhibit and degrade bacterial biofilms associated with impaired wound healing. However, further research is needed to clarify and standardize the methodological approach in this area of investigation. Such research may lead to the clinical application of larval therapy or derivative treatments for the management of chronic-wound biofilms and improve patient healing outcomes at a time when alternative therapies are desperately needed.
PubMed: 36838422
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020457 -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... Feb 2024We aimed to identify the role of bacterial biofilms in the chronicity of otitis media with effusion and its resistance to antibiotics. We illustrated this role by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
We aimed to identify the role of bacterial biofilms in the chronicity of otitis media with effusion and its resistance to antibiotics. We illustrated this role by reviewing, analyzing, and correlating the findings with the results of the included studies to reach clear evidence.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and GHL databases) was performed for all studies using the following strategy till April 2021 with the search terms: Biofilm and Middle ear effusion. We found 935 references, 421 were duplicates, and 514 were needed for further screening, and it was as follows: PubMed 215, Scopus 18, Cochrane 130, Web of Science 136, and GHL 15.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of culture-positive effusions was estimated to be 40% (95% CI [28%, 53%]) of the total OME population. Overall, the prevalence of PCR-positive effusions was estimated to be 97% (95% CI [95%, 99%]) of the total OME population. The pooled prevalence of EM-positive effusions was estimated to be 82% (95% CI [69%, 95%]) of the total OME population.
CONCLUSION
The data presented in this study coincide with the significant role of bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion. The involvement of bacterial biofilm as a component of the OME pathogenic process can help us to explain why antimicrobial therapy is not always effective in the eradication of the disease process and, also explain the recurrence of middle ear effusion after treatment with tympanostomy tubes either with or without adenoidectomy.
Topics: Humans; Adenoidectomy; Biofilms; Middle Ear Ventilation; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Prevalence
PubMed: 37553806
DOI: 10.1177/00034894231188855 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry : JCD 2022Conflicting findings on the potency of antibiotic pastes versus calcium hydroxide (CH) have been evident in the literature. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Conflicting findings on the potency of antibiotic pastes versus calcium hydroxide (CH) have been evident in the literature.
AIMS
To compare the antibacterial efficacy of single antibiotic paste (SAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and modified TAP (mTAP) with CH on bacterial biofilms.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were comprehensively searched until August 23, 2021. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO. studies performed on or polymicrobial biofilms incubated on human/bovine dentin were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed using a customized quality assessment tool. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression models were used to identify the sources of heterogeneity and to compare the efficacy of pastes.
RESULTS
The qualitative and quantitative synthesis included 40 and 23 papers, respectively, out of 1421 search results. TAP (SMD = -3.82; CI, -5.44 to -2.21; < 0.001) and SAPs (SMD = -2.38; CI, -2.81 to - 1.94; < 0.001) had significantly higher antibacterial efficacy compared to the CH on biofilm. However, no significant difference was found between the efficacy of DAP (SMD = -2.74; CI, -5.56-0.07; = 0.06) or mTAP (SMD = -0.28; CI, -0.82-0.26; = 0.31) and CH. Meta-regression model on showed that SAPs have similar efficacy compared to TAP and significantly better efficacy than DAP. On dual-species (SMD = 0.15; CI, -1.00-1.29; = 0.80) or multi-species (SMD = 0.23; CI, -0.08-0.55; = 0.15) biofilms, DAP and CH had similar efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
evidence showed that antibiotic pastes were either superior or equal to CH. The studied SAPs had considerably higher or similar antibacterial effectiveness compared to DAP, CH, and TAP. Hence, combined antibiotic therapy was not necessarily required for root canal disinfection .
PubMed: 36506621
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_183_22 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022The high prevalence of nosocomial infections is related to the use of medical insertion devices such as central venous catheters (CVCs). Most of the microorganisms...
The high prevalence of nosocomial infections is related to the use of medical insertion devices such as central venous catheters (CVCs). Most of the microorganisms causing nosocomial infections are biofilm producers, this characteristic allows them to adhere to abiotic surfaces and cause initial catheter infections that can lead to bloodstream infections. Our main goal in this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of biofilm among CVC-related infections, particularly among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, in the studies applying different and methodologies. All studies reporting clinical isolates from patients with catheter-related nosocomial infections and biofilm evaluation published up to 24 June 2022 in the PubMed and Scopus databases were included. Twenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review for analysis. Different methodologies were applied in the assessment of biofilm-forming microorganisms including assays, catheter-infected , and mouse models. The present study showed that between 59 and 100% of clinical isolates were able to form biofilms, and the prevalence rate of biofilm formation varied significantly between studies from different countries and regions. Among the clinical isolates collected in our study set, a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive strains, Gram-negative strains, and were found. Many authors studied resistance mechanisms and genes related to biofilm development and surface adherence properties. In some cases, the studies also evaluated biofilm inhibition assays using various kinds of catheter coatings.
PubMed: 36518176
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100175 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2015Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. Intravenous antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of acute deteriorations in symptoms (pulmonary exacerbations); however, recently the assumption that exacerbations are due to increases in bacterial burden has been questioned.
OBJECTIVES
To establish if intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews and ongoing trials registers.Date of last search of Cochrane trials register: 27 July 2015.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials and the first treatment cycle of cross-over studies comparing intravenous antibiotics (given alone or in an antibiotic combination) with placebo, inhaled or oral antibiotics for people with cystic fibrosis experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The authors assessed studies for eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 40 studies involving 1717 participants. The quality of the included studies was largely poor and, with a few exceptions, these comprised of mainly small, inadequately reported studies.When comparing treatment with a single antibiotic to a combined antibiotic regimen, those participants receiving a combination of antibiotics experienced a greater improvement in lung function when considered as a whole group across a number of different measurements of lung function, but with very low quality evidence. When limited to the four placebo-controlled studies (n = 214), no difference was observed, again with very low quality evidence. With regard to the review's remaining primary outcomes, there was no effect upon time to next exacerbation and no studies in any comparison reported on quality of life. There were no effects on the secondary outcomes weight or adverse effects. When comparing specific antibiotic combinations there were no significant differences between groups on any measure. In the comparisons between intravenous and nebulised antibiotic or oral antibiotic (low quality evidence), there were no significant differences between groups on any measure. No studies in any comparison reported on quality of life.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The quality of evidence comparing intravenous antibiotics with placebo is poor. No specific antibiotic combination can be considered to be superior to any other, and neither is there evidence showing that the intravenous route is superior to the inhaled or oral routes. There remains a need to understand host-bacteria interactions and in particular to understand why many people fail to fully respond to treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Disease Progression; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Total Lung Capacity
PubMed: 26226131
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009730.pub2