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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2020The use of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) as a cardiovascular disease risk indicator has gained recent popularity. However, the influence of different foods or food... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The Influence of Different Foods and Food Ingredients on Acute Postprandial Triglyceride Response: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
The use of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) as a cardiovascular disease risk indicator has gained recent popularity. However, the influence of different foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response has not been comprehensively characterized. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant acute (<24-h) randomized controlled trials published up to September 2018. Based on our selection criteria, 179 relevant trials (366 comparisons) were identified and systematically compiled into distinct food or food ingredient categories. A ppTG-lowering effect was noted for soluble fiber (Hedges' giAUC = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.33, -0.11), sodium bicarbonate mineral water (Hedges' gAUC = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.04), diacylglycerol oil (Hedges' giAUC = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.00), and whey protein when it was contrasted with other proteins. The fats group showed significant but opposite effects depending on the outcome measure used (Hedges' giAUC = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.03; and Hedges' gAUC = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26). Data for other important food groups (nuts, vegetables, and polyphenols) were also assessed but of limited availability. Assessing for oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) recommendation compliance, most trials were ≥4 h long but lacked a sufficiently high fat challenge. iAUC and AUC were more common measures of ppTG. Overall, our analyses indicate that the effects on ppTG by different food groups are diverse, largely influenced by the type of food or food ingredient within the same group. The type of ppTG measurement can also influence the response.
Topics: Food Ingredients; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Postprandial Period; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triglycerides
PubMed: 32609800
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa074 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Jun 2018To improve the penile contour, some men choose to undergo implantation or injection of nonbiological materials. Foreign body reactions in penile tissue may produce...
BACKGROUND
To improve the penile contour, some men choose to undergo implantation or injection of nonbiological materials. Foreign body reactions in penile tissue may produce scarring, deformity, ulceration, necrosis, and even gangrene. Consensus is lacking regarding the most effective surgical procedure for reconstruction of these penile lesions.
OBJECTIVES
The authors describe one case study and the first systematic review focusing on reconstructive surgical management for penile lesions secondary to foreign body reaction.
METHODS
PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases were queried for publications written in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish from 1951 to May 2017. Multiple search terms were applied.
RESULTS
Of the 3304 articles identified, 51 were included in the systematic review. All were retrospective studies, case series, or case reports. A total of 260 patients underwent surgical procedures, and the complication rate was 37.3%. The scrotal flap technique was performed most frequently (43.4%) and resulted in 65.6% of the total complications observed. One Brazilian case study was also described with an extensive and circumferential ulcer after six mineral oil bolls implant in the penile subcutaneous tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Restoration of the penile shape preserving the functionality and maintaining a good physician-patient relationship may be a challenge. The scrotal pouch may be advantageous for patch grafting of penile soft-tissue lesions, owing to its skin laxity and good blood supply. A less aggressive surgical approach has the benefits of shorter healing time and fewer early complications. Penile injuries are best treated by experienced surgeons on a case-by-case basis with care given to identify the most appropriate treatment.
Topics: Adult; Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic; Brazil; Chloramphenicol; Collagenases; Debridement; Drug Combinations; Granuloma, Foreign-Body; Humans; Male; Mineral Oil; Necrosis; Ointments; Penis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Scrotum; Skin Ulcer; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29126283
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx203 -
JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and... Nov 2015The common mantra with which patients often leave a burns unit is "moisturize and massage". Various products have been reported for use in practice including aqueous...
BACKGROUND
The common mantra with which patients often leave a burns unit is "moisturize and massage". Various products have been reported for use in practice including aqueous cream BP, bees wax and herbal oil creams, silicone based creams, paraffin/petroleum/mineral oil based products and aloe vera gels. Often combined with other scar management techniques such as pressure therapy, massage and contact media, moisturizers convey active properties of their own. To date no published review on the optimal moisturizer for burn scar management has been identified via searches of recognized databases.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of moisturizer use in the management of active burn scars following burn injury. More specifically, this review focused on the following questions: Does moisturizer use have an effect on scar outcomes following burn injury, including scar formation, skin breakdown, patient acceptance and water loss? What is the optimal base composition of moisturizers used in scar management for patients who have sustained a burn injury?
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Types of participants: Patients of any age who have sustained a burn injury of any size, and have been admitted to a hospital or regional burn unit or burn centre for the management of their injury. Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest: Studies evaluating moisturizer applied to healed skin following burn injury were considered for inclusion. Moisturizer may have been compared to usual care as defined by the individual study, other interventions, or a different type of moisturizer. Studies comparing moisturizer and massage compared to moisturizer alone were excluded. Types of studies: This review primarily considered experimental study designs, including randomized and pseudo-randomized controlled trials. Types of outcomes: Primary outcomes for examination in this review included scar formation and skin breakdown, measured by objective tools or subjective scales. Secondary outcomes included product acceptance, patient compliance and transepidermal water loss.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A search was conducted to identify published and unpublished studies via electronic databases. Reference lists of all papers selected for full text retrieval were then hand searched for potential additional citations.
METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY
Articles meeting pre-determined eligibility criteria for the review were assessed by two independent reviewers using standardized checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. Corresponding authors were contacted where additional information was required; however this strategy did not yield additional information that altered study eligibility status.
DATA COLLECTION
Data was extracted from the included paper using the standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Narrative synthesis of the included study was undertaken.
RESULTS
One study, following a randomized controlled design, was eligible for inclusion in this review. This study investigated the effect of vitamin E cream versus a base moisturizing cream on outcomes including range of motion, scar thickness, cosmetic appearance and graft size. No significant differences between groups for all reported outcomes were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the common practice involving moisturizers TRUNCATED AT 500 WORDS.
PubMed: 26571294
DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2450