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Veterinary Parasitology Mar 2016Mange mites are economically important ectoparasites of sheep and goats responsible for rejection or downgrading of skins in tanneries or leather industries in Ethiopia.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mange mites are economically important ectoparasites of sheep and goats responsible for rejection or downgrading of skins in tanneries or leather industries in Ethiopia. The objective of this systematic review was to compute the pooled prevalence estimate and identify factors influencing mange mite prevalence in sheep and goats at national level based on the available research evidence. Articles on mange mite infestation of small ruminants in Ethiopia were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar and African journals on-line. The review was based on 18 cross-sectional studies carried out between 2003 and 2015 in four administrative states of Ethiopia. Accordingly, the pooled prevalence estimate in a random effects meta-analysis was estimated to be 4.4% (95% CI 3.0, 6.3) although there were evidence of a substantial amount of between-study variance (I(2)=98.4%). In subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses, animal species, agro-ecology and administrative state were found to have significant effect on the prevalence estimate (P<0.05) and explained 32.87% of the explainable proportion of the heterogeneity noted between studies The prevalence was found to be higher in goats in lowland agro-ecology. Region wise the highest estimate was calculated for Amhara (6.4%) followed by Oromia (4.7%), Tigray (3.6%) and Southern Nations, Nationalities and People Region (SNNPR) (3.1%). Significant difference was noted between Amhara and SNNPR. The study further revealed that mites of the genus Sarcoptes, Demodex and Psoroptes are the most prevalent mites infesting small ruminants in Ethiopia. Valid studies were lacking from five regional states. As some of these regions are known for their large small ruminant population, further studies are warranted to produce better picture of the infestation at a national level. Meanwhile, the need for monitoring the ongoing control intervention is suggested.
Topics: Animals; Ethiopia; Mite Infestations; Mites; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Ruminants
PubMed: 26872931
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.017 -
Clinical and Translational Allergy 2018Spider mites, including , , and , are common pests in gardens, greenhouses, and orchards. Exposure, particularly occupational exposure, to these organisms may lead to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Spider mites, including , , and , are common pests in gardens, greenhouses, and orchards. Exposure, particularly occupational exposure, to these organisms may lead to the development of respiratory or contact allergies. However, the prevalence of sensitivity to spider mites is unclear.
METHODS
We examined the literature to generate an estimate of the global prevalence of allergies to spider mites.
RESULTS
Electronic databases were searched and twenty-three studies reporting the prevalence of sensitivity to spider mites (based on skin prick tests or IgE-based detection systems) in an aggregate total of 40,908 subjects were selected for analysis. The estimated overall rate of spider mite sensitivity was 22.9% (95% CI 19-26.8%). Heterogeneity was high and meta-regression analysis considering variables such as published year, country, number of study subjects, methods for allergen detection (skin prick test, ImmunoCAP, RAST testing, or intradermal test), and mite species revealed no single significant source. Twelve of the 23 studies reported rates of monosensitization (i.e., patients responsive to spider mites but no other tested allergen), yielding a global average of 7% (95% CI 5-9%), hence spider mites represent a unique source of allergens.
CONCLUSIONS
Spider mites are an important cause of allergic symptoms. However, the publication bias and heterogeneity evident in this study indicate that further trials using standardized detection methods are needed to determine the association of exposure and symptoms as well as the specific patient characteristics that influence developing spider mite sensitivity.
PubMed: 29946417
DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0209-8 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2017The reported prevalence and degrees of Demodex mite infestation in rosacea vary widely. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The reported prevalence and degrees of Demodex mite infestation in rosacea vary widely.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to conduct an evidence-based meta-analysis of the prevalence and degrees of Demodex mite infestation in patients with rosacea.
METHODS
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted. Odds ratios for prevalence of infestation and standardized mean difference (SMD) for Demodex density in patients with rosacea were pooled. Subgroup analysis for type of rosacea, control group, and sampling and examination methods were also performed.
RESULTS
Twenty-three case-control studies included 1513 patients with rosacea. Compared with the control patients, patients with rosacea were more likely to be infested by Demodex mites [odds ratio, 9.039; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.827-16.925] and had significantly higher Demodex density (SMD, 1.617; 95% CI, 1.090-2.145). Both erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (SMD, 2.686; 95% CI, 1.256-4.116) and papulopustular rosacea (SMD, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.464-4.145) had significantly higher Demodex density than did healthy control patients.
LIMITATIONS
Interstudy variability was high, and a causal relationship could not be established by case-control studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with rosacea had significantly higher prevalence and degrees of Demodex mite infestation than did control patients. Demodex mites may play a role in both erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and papulopustular rosacea.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Humans; Mite Infestations; Prevalence; Rosacea
PubMed: 28711190
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.03.040 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2, 2023. Outcomes included symptom scores (SSs), medication scores (MSs), symptom and medication scores (SMSs), new sensitizations, development of asthma, improvement, and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The quality of the included studies was assessed by the modified Jadad scale and Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Meta-regression was carried out to explore the source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was further conducted in terms of study design [randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies], allergen [house dust mites (HDMs), grass pollen], treatment duration (≥ 24, 12-23 or < 12 months), allergen immunotherapy (AIT) modality (drops or tablets), and AIT protocol [continuous, pre-seasonal, co-seasonal, or after the grass pollen season (GPS)]. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for all outcomes. A Bayesian framework and a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) model were developed for indirect comparison.
RESULTS
Totally 50 studies with 10813 AR children were included, with 4122 treated with SLIT, 1852 treated with SCIT, and 4839 treated with non-SLIT or non-SCIT therapy. For direct comparison, the SLIT group had a similar SS to the SCIT group [pooled standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.46, 1.28, = 0.353]. Comparable MSs were observed in the SLIT and SCIT groups (pooled SMD: 0.82, 95%CI: -0.88, 2.53, = 0.344). For indirect comparison, no significant differences were found in SSs (pooled SMD: 1.20, 95% credibility interval (CrI): -1.70, 4.10), MSs (pooled SMD: 0.57, 95%CrI: -1.20, 2.30), SMSs (pooled SMD: 1.80, 95%CrI: -0.005, 3.60), new sensitizations [pooled relative risk (RR): 0.34, 95%CrI: 0.03, 3.58], and development of asthma (pooled RR: 0.68, 95%CrI: 0.01, 26.33) between the SLIT and SCIT groups; the SLIT group illustrated a significantly lower incidence of TRAEs than the SCIT group (pooled RR: 0.17, 95%CrI: 0.11, 0.26).
CONCLUSION
Considering both efficacy and safety, SLIT might be a more favorable AIT than SCIT in the treatment of pediatric AR, which may serve as a decision-making reference for clinicians.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42023460693).
Topics: Child; Humans; Allergens; Asthma; Desensitization, Immunologic; Pollen; Rhinitis, Allergic; Immunotherapy; Sublingual Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38162647
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274241 -
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology Jan 2018Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease, characterized by flare-up due to the exposure to allergens in patients sensitized to them. Currently, therapy... (Review)
Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease, characterized by flare-up due to the exposure to allergens in patients sensitized to them. Currently, therapy of AD is mainly based on symptomatic treatment and avoidance of irritating/allergenic factors, house dust mites being particularly important. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is suggested to be the only etiologic treatment, to modify the natural history of the disease. Areas covered: The aim of this review is investigating the putative role of AIT in AD through the evaluation of the most recent scientific literature. Several studies have been conducted since 1970, with promising results in improving the clinical outcome of AD, but they often lack the necessary scientific rigorousness. Moreover, heterogeneity of the studies makes it very difficult to compare and to analyze data in a systematic review or meta-analysis. Expert commentary: As a result of the above-mentioned limitations, the treatment of AD with causative aeroallergen can nowadays be suggested only as an add-on therapy in selected patients who are non-responsive to the traditional therapy.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 29110542
DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2018.1401469 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2020Scabies is an infectious disease that affects the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and it transmitted through close personal contact. Even though it is easily... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Scabies is an infectious disease that affects the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and it transmitted through close personal contact. Even though it is easily treatable disease, its prevalence is high and continuous as neglected tropical disease of resource-poor settings, and particularly affects young age groups. Despite of these facts, studies conducted in Ethiopia regarding to the prevalence and associated factors for scabies infestation have been highly variable and didn't well compiled. Due to that, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimates the overall prevalence of scabies and associated factors in all age groups in Ethiopia.
METHODS
International databases (PubMed/PMC/Midline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google and Science Direct) were systematically searched from December 1, 2019, to January 18, 2020. All observational studies noted the prevalence of human scabies and associated factors in Ethiopia were included. Two authors (AG and G.T) independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. The data which is extracted each study were analyzed using STATA Version 14.1. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed through the Cochrane Q test statistics and I test. Lastly, a random effects meta-analysis model was computed to fix overall prevalence and associated factors of scabies.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis after 410 articles retrieved. Of these, eight studies were analyzed for prevalence estimation. The overall prevalence of scabies infestation was 14.5% (95%CI: 1.5, 27.6%) in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence was 19.6% in Amhara region. A person from a large family size (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.76, 5.67), and sharing a bed (OR: 3.59, 95%CI: 2.88, 4.47) were significantly associated with scabies.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed the prevalence of scabies infestation was 14.5% in Ethiopia which was high. Persons from high family size and any contact with scabies case were factors associated with scabies.
Topics: Animals; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sarcoptes scabiei; Scabies; Skin
PubMed: 32460770
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05106-3 -
Respiratory Care Feb 2015Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is widely used in the management of allergic diseases such as allergic asthma. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is widely used in the management of allergic diseases such as allergic asthma. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCIT in mite-sensitized subjects with asthma.
METHODS
Literature from January 1990 to February 2013 on the efficacy and safety of SCIT for mite-sensitized asthma patients was searched in electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang, and Vendor Information Pages. Data were extracted from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to the selection criteria by 2 investigators independently. The quality of included trials was evaluated according to the Jadad scale standard.
RESULTS
A total of 796 subjects from 19 different RCTs were included in this analysis. SCIT significantly reduced the asthma symptom scores (standardized mean difference of -0.94, 95% CI -1.58 to -0.29, P=.004) and the asthma medication scores (standardized mean difference of -1.06, 95% CI -1.70 to -0.42, P=.001) compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences between subjects receiving SCIT and the control group in lung function (peak expiratory flow, percent-of-predicted FEV1, percent-of-predicted FVC) and specific antibody (allergen-specific immunoglobulin E) levels of blood serum (P>.05). In the studies containing data on safety, the incidences of systemic and local adverse reactions were 9.1% (8/88) and 17.2% (23/134), respectively, in subjects treated with SCIT, and no severe adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that SCIT is helpful in alleviating symptoms and reducing medication used in mite-sensitive asthma subjects, but with no improvement in lung function. The safety of SCIT is acceptable.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Hypodermoclysis; Immunoglobulin E; Mites; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25389355
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.03399 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been proved to be effective and safe in adult asthma. But it is still controversial in children. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been proved to be effective and safe in adult asthma. But it is still controversial in children.
OBJECT
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCIT in asthmatic children with allergy to house dust mite.
METHOD
We searched the databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MEDLINE (from 1 January 1990 to 1 December 2022). Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and critically appraised the risk of bias. We used the Revman 5 to synthesize the effect sizes.
RESULTS
We finally selected 38 eligible studies including 21 randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCIT and 17 observational studies to assess the safety. The results revealed that short-term asthma symptom scores were declined with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -1.19 (95% CI: -1.87, -0.50) in 12 researches with high heterogeneity. Short-term asthma medication scores were decreased with SMD -1.04 (95% CI: -1.54, -0.54) in 12 heterogeneous researches. One study showed no significant reduction in combined symptom and medication scores without providing details. No studies we reviewed reported long-term efficacy. SCIT resulted in an obviously increased risk of adverse reactions compared with placebo. For secondary outcomes, SCIT improved life quality and reduced the numbers of annual asthma attacks and allergen-specific airway hyperreactivity, but without significant improvement in pulmonary function, asthma control or hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS
SCIT can reduce the short-term symptom scores and medication scores regardless of different treatment duration or mono/polysensitization, but with an increased incidence of local and systemic adverse effects. Further studies on pediatric asthma are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy, and clarify the effectiveness of SCIT in specific population using mix allergen extracts or with severe asthma. Overall, it is recommended for children with mild-moderate HDM-driven allergic asthma.
PubMed: 37397157
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1137478 -
Contact Lens & Anterior Eye : the... Dec 2021A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the treatment ofDemodex blepharitis in adult patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the treatment ofDemodex blepharitis in adult patients.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the efficacy of treatments forDemodex blepharitis in the main databases (PubMed / Scopus / Cochrane / EMBASE / Science Direct / WOS / Scielo / Google Scholar / metaRegister of Controlled Trials / ClinicalTrials.gov/ WHO ICTRP) until November 24, 2020 was performed according to the PRISMA statement for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Overall, 18 studies were included for 29 different interventions in 1195 participants with 1574 eyes that were positive for Demodex Spp. Demodex counts, total eradication, clinical improvement, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Tear Break-Up Time, cylindrical dandruff, Schirmer test, osmolarity and adverse reactions were analysed, and stratified sub-analyses conducted. The overall effects for Demodex count (mean difference), total eradication (risk ratio) and adverse reactions (risk difference) were -2.07 (95 % CI -3.99 to -0.15) p = 0.03, 1.84 (95 % CI 1.27-2.66) p = 0.001 and 0.24 (95 % CI 0.08 to 0.41) p = 0.005, respectively. The most frequent interventions evaluated in the included studies were tea tree oil (TTO) and its derivatives, such as terpinen 4-ol.
CONCLUSION
Multiple therapeutic choices were evaluated in this meta-analysis. Pharmacological interventions were superior to non-pharmacological (mechanical, thermal and pulsed light) interventions. It was not possible to establish significant differences between TTO and non-TTO-derived treatments. Adverse reactions were more frequent in TTO-derived treatments, however all were mild. It is necessary to execute studies with longer follow-up times to determine whether re-infestation occurs after the administration of different treatments.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Blepharitis; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Eyelashes; Humans; Mite Infestations; Mites
PubMed: 33972176
DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101453 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jul 2017Human scabies (infestation with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis) causes a significant disease burden worldwide, yet there are no agreed diagnostic guidelines. We... (Review)
Review
Human scabies (infestation with the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis) causes a significant disease burden worldwide, yet there are no agreed diagnostic guidelines. We aimed to determine whether a consistent approach to diagnosing scabies has been used for published scabies therapeutic trials. The data sources used were the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, from 1946 to 29 August 2013. Eligible studies were trials of therapeutic interventions against scabies in human subjects, published in English, enrolling patients with scabies, and using various therapeutic interventions. Language was a limitation of this study as some relevant trials published in languages other than English may have been excluded. Each study was reviewed by two independent authors, who assessed the clinical examination and testing approaches used for scabies diagnosis in the included studies. We found that of 71 included trials, 40 (56%) specified which clinical findings were used for diagnosis, which were predominantly rash, rash distribution, pruritus and mite burrows. Parasitological testing was used in 63% of trials (n = 45) and was used more frequently in clinic-based than in field studies. Nearly one-quarter of trials (24%, n = 17) did not define the diagnostic method used. Overall, the diagnostic approaches were poorly described, prohibiting accurate comparison of existing studies. This review further supports the need for consensus diagnostic guidelines for scabies.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Scabies
PubMed: 28556185
DOI: 10.1111/ced.13152