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Dental and Medical Problems 2020At present, new acrylic plastic technologies are being developed in dentistry. Although this kind of material has been used for dental prostheses for over 80 years, it... (Review)
Review
At present, new acrylic plastic technologies are being developed in dentistry. Although this kind of material has been used for dental prostheses for over 80 years, it has been produced in the form of disks with the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology for over 15 years. The purpose of the article was to collect information from the literature on acrylic materials processed through the milling technology (CAD/CAM). The publicly available databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched using the key word "acrylic resins, CAD/CAM". All articles describing the application and testing of CAD/CAM disks were selected. Duplicate articles were removed. More than 100 articles that described the use of materials machined using the milling equipment were found. These included works comparing the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and clinical use of the materials. After the initial selection, 36 papers on this subject were included in this review. The number of studies on the processing of acrylic materials with the use of the CAD/CAM technology has been increasing worldwide. Since such materials have better mechanical properties, no polymerization shrinkage occurs during processing, the amount of residual monomer material is very low and they have better color stability than self-curing materials.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymethyl Methacrylate
PubMed: 33444491
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/124697 -
Environment International Jun 2023The presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) oligomers in food contact materials (FCMs) is well-documented. Consumers are exposed through their migration into foods...
BACKGROUND
The presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) oligomers in food contact materials (FCMs) is well-documented. Consumers are exposed through their migration into foods and beverages; however, there is no specific guidance for their safety evaluation.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic evidence map (SEM) aims to identify and organize existing knowledge and associated gaps in hazard and exposure information on 34 PET oligomers to support regulatory decision-making.
METHODS
The methodology for this SEM was recently registered. A systematic search in bibliographic and gray literature sources was conducted and studies evaluated for inclusion according to the Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study type (PECOS) framework. Inclusion criteria were designed to record hazard and exposure information for all 34 PET oligomers and coded into the following evidence streams: human, animal, organism (non-animal), ex vivo, in vitro, in silico, migration, hydrolysis, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/toxicokinetics/pharmacokinetics (ADME/TK/PK) studies. Relevant information was extracted from eligible studies and synthesized according to the protocol.
RESULTS
Literature searches yielded 7445 unique records, of which 96 were included. Data comprised migration (560 entries), ADME/TK/PK-related (253 entries), health/bioactivity (98 entries) and very few hydrolysis studies (7 entries). Cyclic oligomers were studied more frequently than linear PET oligomers. In vitro results indicated that hydrolysis of cyclic oligomers generated a mixture of linear oligomers, but not monomers, potentially allowing their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Cyclic dimers, linear trimers and the respective smaller oligomers exhibit physico-chemical properties making oral absorption more likely. Information on health/bioactivity effects of oligomers was almost non-existent, except for limited data on mutagenicity.
CONCLUSIONS
This SEM revealed substantial deficiencies in the available evidence on ADME/TK/PK, hydrolysis, and health/bioactivity effects of PET oligomers, currently preventing appropriate risk assessment. It is essential to develop more systematic and tiered approaches to address the identified research needs and assess the risks of PET oligomers.
Topics: Humans; Food Contamination; Food Packaging; Food Safety; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 37210807
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107978 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jun 2020Occasional debonding between soft liners and denture base resin is common and limits the longevity of a relined prosthesis.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Occasional debonding between soft liners and denture base resin is common and limits the longevity of a relined prosthesis.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the bond strength of commercially available soft liners with that of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) denture base resins after different surface treatments and thermocycling.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Searches were performed by 2 independent reviewers in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases from January 1990 to December 2018 to identify published journal articles related to this subject. Subsequently, a hand search was also carried out for all the articles mentioned in the references of the identified full articles.
RESULTS
A total of 61 articles were initially identified through database searches by the 2 reviewers. Twenty-four of the 61 articles met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Four of 6 articles showed that laser pretreatment of denture base resins increased their bonding to soft liners. Seven of 8 articles concluded that airborne-particle abrasion caused deterioration of the bonding between the liner and denture base resin. Four of 6 studies showed that acid etching, silica coating, primer or monomer application, and immersion in acetone or isobutyl methacrylate (iBMA) resulted in improved bond strengths between the liner and resin. One study reported that oxygen plasma treatment also resulted in improved bond strengths. Seven of 8 articles concluded that thermocycling resulted in decreased bond strengths.
CONCLUSIONS
Laser treatment, oxygen plasma pretreatment, primer or monomer application, and immersion in acetone or iBMA resulted in improved bonding of the denture base resin to soft liners. However, airborne-particle abrasion and thermocycling resulted in deterioration of the bond.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Dental Bonding; Denture Bases; Denture Liners; Materials Testing; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Silicone Elastomers; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 31703921
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.06.013 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024The potential anti-cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers has been widely studied due to their advantages of well-defined structure, clear... (Review)
Review
The potential anti-cancer effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers has been widely studied due to their advantages of well-defined structure, clear therapeutic effects, and easy quality control during the manufacturing process. However, clinical trial information on these monomers is scarce, resulting in a lack of knowledge regarding the research progress, efficacy, and adverse reactions at the clinical stage. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the clinical trials on the anti-cancer effect of TCM monomers registered in the Clinicaltrials.gov website before 2023.4.30, paying special attention to the trials on tumors, aiming to explore the research results and development prospects in this field. A total of 1982 trials were started using 69 of the 131 TCM monomers. The number of clinical trials performed each year showed an overall upward trend. However, only 26 monomers entered into 519 interventional anti-tumor trials, with vinblastine (194, 37.38%) and camptothecin (146, 28.13%) being the most used. A total of 45 tumors were studied in these 519 trials, with lymphoma (112, 21.58%) being the most frequently studied. Clinical trials are also unevenly distributed across locations and sponsors/collaborators. The location and the sponsor/collaborator with the highest number of performed trials were the United States (651,32.85%) and NIH (77). Therefore, China and its institutions still have large room for progress in promoting TCM monomers in anti-tumor clinical trials. In the next step, priority should be given to the improvement of the research and development ability of domestic enterprises, universities and other institutions, using modern scientific and technological means to solve the problems of poor water solubility and strong toxic and side effects of monomers, so as to promote the clinical research of TCM monomers.
Topics: Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Clinical Trials as Topic; Neoplasms; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38855536
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S454774 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Jan 2021Incomplete polymerisation processes produce several leachable substances. The aim of this work was to review, through existing research and published literature, the...
PURPOSE
Incomplete polymerisation processes produce several leachable substances. The aim of this work was to review, through existing research and published literature, the genotoxic effect of residual monomers of polymers used in restorative dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The selection of published studies was performed on six databases from January 2000 to June 2020. The keywords used were: 'genotoxicity' or 'DNA damage' and 'dental resin' or 'methacrylates' or 'residual monomers'. The selection was carried out according to the parameters and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metanalyses (PRISMA) and was based on patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO). The inclusion criteria were: in vitro and in vivo studies published in English that evaluated genotoxicity for residual monomers leached from polymers related to restorative dentistry. Case reports and review articles were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Two categories were constructed based on the experimental design, in vivo and in vitro reports. For the in vitro research, two main methods of assessing DNA damage were reported in selected studies: micronucleus (MN) counting and alkaline comet assay. For in vivo reports, the main method for assessing genotoxic damage was MN counting.
CONCLUSION
From the electronic search, structured data extraction, and analysis by different independent reviewers, results from the present systematic review allow us to conclude that DNA damage is induced by monomers/co-monomers (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) that are used in restorative dentistry. This systematic review highlights the need for more research on the use of monomers/co-monomers to properly assess clinical biocompatibility.
Topics: Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Composite Resins; DNA Damage; Dentistry; Humans
PubMed: 34585872
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2081469 -
Operative Dentistry Sep 2021Functional acidic monomers are able to chemically interact with hydroxyapatite, and this bond appears to be very stable. Therefore, this aspect of the 10-MDP molecule... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Does Addition of 10-MDP Monomer in Self-etch Adhesive Systems Improve the Clinical Performance of Noncarious Cervical Lesion Restorations? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Functional acidic monomers are able to chemically interact with hydroxyapatite, and this bond appears to be very stable. Therefore, this aspect of the 10-MDP molecule made it attractive and added to self-etch adhesives.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this Systematic Review (SR) and Meta-analysis (MA) was to determine whether systems with the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) functional monomer in their formula showed better clinical performance in restorations placed in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) when compared to systems without it. The PROSPERO registration number of the MA is CRD42016050538.
DATA AND SOURCES
An e-search was conducted through MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, and EU Clinical Trials Register, and a search through the references of included studies was also performed. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, in which the effectiveness of self-etch adhesive systems, with or without the 10-MDP functional monomer for NCCL, was discussed, were included. Risk of bias was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE.
STUDY SELECTION
The data were grouped, heterogeneity (I2) was tested, and after duplicate removal, 4208 manuscripts were retrieved. From these, 11 studies were included in the qualitative analysis (risk of bias), with nine classified as low risk and two unclear. GRADE analysis detected moderate-to-high certainty of evidence, so the quantitative synthesis [Meta-analysis (MA)] was performed including the 11 studies.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
There were no statistical differences in the clinical performance of restorations conducted using "with or without 10-MDP" adhesive types, for all evaluated criteria (p=0.05), with heterogeneity ranging from 0% to 53%. Thus, the presence of 10-MDP functional monomer did not influence the clinical performance of restorations placed in NCCL.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Durapatite; Methacrylates
PubMed: 35486508
DOI: 10.2341/20-053-LIT -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jan 2015Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. If untreated, perinatal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. If untreated, perinatal morbidity and mortality may be increased. Accurate diagnosis allows appropriate treatment. Use of different tests and different criteria will influence which women are diagnosed with GDM.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate and compare different testing strategies for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus to improve maternal and infant health while assessing their impact on healthcare service costs.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 October 2014) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised trials if they evaluated tests carried out to diagnose GDM. We excluded studies that used a quasi-random model.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified six small trials, including 694 women. These trials were assessed as having varying risk of bias, with few outcomes reported. We prespecified six outcomes to be assessed for quality using the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach; data for only one outcome (diagnosis of gestational diabetes) were available for assessment. One trial compared three different methods of delivering glucose: a candy bar (39 women), a 50-gram glucose polymer drink (40 women) and a 50-gram glucose monomer drink (43 women). We have reported results reported by this trial as separate comparisons. 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) versus 100-gram OGTT (one trial, 248 women): Women given the 75-gram OGTT had a higher relative risk of being diagnosed with GDM (risk ratio (RR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 6.75). This difference was borderline in terms of statistical significance, and evidence was considered to be of very low quality when assessed by GRADE. No data were reported for the following additional outcomes prespecified for assessment in GRADE: caesarean section, macrosomia > 4.5 kg or however defined in the trial, long-term type 2 diabetes maternal, long-term type 2 diabetes infant and economic costs. Candy bar versus 50-gram glucose monomer drink (one trial, 60 women): More women receiving the candy bar, rather than glucose monomer, preferred the taste of the candy bar (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.86). Infant outcomes were not reported. 50-gram glucose polymer drink versus 50-gram glucose monomer drink (three trials, 239 women): Mean difference (MD) in gestation at birth was -0.80 weeks (one trial, 100 women; 95% CI -1.69 to 0.09). Total side effects were less common with the glucose polymer drink (one trial, 63 women; RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.59), and no clear difference in taste acceptability was reported (one trial, 63 women; RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.29). Significantly fewer women reported nausea following the 50-gram glucose polymer drink compared with the 50-gram glucose monomer drink (one trial, 66 women; RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.78). No other measures of maternal morbidity or outcomes for the infant were reported. 50-gram glucose food versus 50-gram glucose drink (one trial, 30 women): Women receiving glucose in their food, rather than as a drink, reported fewer side effects (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.56). No clear difference was noted in the number of women requiring further testing (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.55). No other measures of maternal morbidity or outcome were reported for the infant. 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) World Health Organization (WHO) criteria versus 75-gram OGTT American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria (one trial, 116 women): No clear differences in included outcomes were observed between women who received the 75-gram OGTT and were diagnosed using criteria based on WHO (1999) recommendations and women who received the 75-gram OGTT and were diagnosed using criteria recommended by the ADA (1979). Outcomes measured included diagnosis of gestational diabetes (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.66 to 3.25), caesarean birth (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.35), macrosomia defined as > 90th percentile by ultrasound or birthweight equal to or exceeding 4000 g (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.19 to 2.79), stillbirth (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.02 to 11.68) and instrumental birth (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 3.94).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence is insufficient to permit assessment of which strategy is best for diagnosing GDM.
Topics: Beverages; Candy; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Welfare; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 25604891
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007122.pub3 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 2019Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed the strength of evidence.
RESULTS
Of 15 prospective cohorts (23 publications), 4 found highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of flavan-3-ols were associated with a 13% reduction in risk of CVD mortality and 2 found a 19% reduction in risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) incidence. Highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of monomers were associated with a reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 5) and stroke (n = 4) (10% and 18%, respectively). No association was found for hypertension. Of 156 RCTs, flavan-3-ol intervention resulted in significant improvements in acute/chronic flow-mediated dilation (FMD), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All analyses, except HbA1c, were associated with moderate/high heterogeneity. When analyses were limited to good methodological quality studies, improvements in TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, and acute/chronic FMD remained significant. In GRADE evaluations, there was moderate evidence in cohort studies that flavan-3-ol and monomer intakes were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality, CHD, stroke, and T2DM, whereas RCTs reported improved TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, and HOMA-IR.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence supports a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol intake on cardiometabolic outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Future research should focus on an integrated intake/biomarker approach in cohorts and high-quality dose-response RCTs. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018035782.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Flavonoids; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31504087
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz178 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2017Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. If untreated, perinatal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. If untreated, perinatal morbidity and mortality may be increased. Accurate diagnosis allows appropriate treatment. Use of different tests and different criteria will influence which women are diagnosed with GDM. This is an update of a review published in 2011 and 2015.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate and compare different testing strategies for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus to improve maternal and infant health while assessing their impact on healthcare service costs.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (9 January 2017) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised trials if they evaluated tests carried out to diagnose GDM. We excluded studies that used a quasi-random model, cluster-randomised or cross-over trials.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
We included a total of seven small trials, with 1420 women. One trial including 726 women was identified by this update and examined the two step versus one step approach. These trials were assessed as having varying risk of bias, with few outcomes reported. We prespecified six outcomes to be assessed for quality using the GRADE approach for one comparison: 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) versus 100 g OGTT; data for only one outcome (diagnosis of gestational diabetes) were available for assessment. One trial compared three different methods of delivering glucose: a candy bar (39 women), a 50 g glucose polymer drink (40 women) and a 50 g glucose monomer drink (43 women). We have included the results reported by this trial as separate comparisons. No trial reported on measures of costs of health services.We examined six main comparisons. 75 g OGTT versus 100 g OGTT (1 trial, 248 women): women who received 75 g OGTT had a higher relative risk of being diagnosed with GDM (risk ratio (RR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 6.75; very-low quality evidence). No data were reported for the following additional outcomes prespecified for GRADE assessment: caesarean section, macrosomia > 4.5 kg or however defined in the trial, long-term type 2 diabetes maternal, long-term type 2 diabetes infant and economic costs. Candy bar versus 50 g glucose monomer drink (1 trial, 60 women): more women receiving the candy bar, rather than glucose monomer, preferred the taste of the candy bar (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.86) and 1-hour glucose was less with the candy bar. There were no differences in the other outcomes reported (maternal side effects). No infant outcomes were reported or any review primary outcomes. 50 g glucose polymer drink versus 50 g glucose monomer drink (3 trials, 239 women): mean difference (MD) in gestation at birth was -0.80 weeks (1 trial, 100 women; 95% CI -1.69 to 0.09). Total side effects were less common with the glucose polymer drink (1 trial, 63 women; RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.59), and no clear difference in taste acceptability was reported (1 trial, 63 women; RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.29). Fewer women reported nausea following the 50 g glucose polymer drink compared with the 50 g glucose monomer drink (1 trial, 66 women; RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.78). No other measures of maternal morbidity or outcomes for the infant were reported. 50 g glucose food versus 50 g glucose drink (1 trial, 30 women): women receiving glucose in their food, rather than as a drink, reported fewer side effects (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.56). No clear difference was noted in the number of women requiring further testing (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.55). No other measures of maternal morbidity or outcome were reported for the infant or review primary outcomes. 75 g OGTT World Health Organization (WHO) criteria versus 75 g OGTT American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria (1 trial, 116 women): no clear differences in included outcomes were observed between women who received the 75 g OGTT and were diagnosed using criteria based on WHO (1999) recommendations and women who received the 75 g OGTT and were diagnosed using criteria recommended by the ADA (1979). Outcomes measured included diagnosis of gestational diabetes (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.66 to 3.25), caesarean section (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.35), macrosomia defined as > 90th percentile by ultrasound or birthweight equal to or exceeding 4000 g (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.19 to 2.79), stillbirth (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.02 to 11.68) and instrumental birth (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 3.94). No other secondary outcomes were reported. Two-step approach (50 g oral glucose challenge test followed by selective 100 g OGTT Carpenter and Coustan criteria) versus one-step approach (universal 75 g OGTT ADA criteria) (1 trial, 726 women): women allocated the two-step approach had a lower risk of being diagnosed with GDM at 11 to 14 weeks' gestation compared to women allocated the one-step approach (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.95). No other primary or secondary outcomes were reported.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence to suggest which strategy is best for diagnosing GDM. Large randomised trials are required to establish the best strategy for correctly identifying women with GDM.
Topics: Beverages; Candy; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Welfare; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28832911
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007122.pub4 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Nov 2015This study systematically review the literature to assess the effectiveness of antibacterial monomers incorporated into dental adhesive systems against major oral... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This study systematically review the literature to assess the effectiveness of antibacterial monomers incorporated into dental adhesive systems against major oral bacteria; as well as the research advances and the future prospects of this technology.
METHODS
The following seven databases were screened: MedLine (PubMed), Lilacs, Ibecs, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and The Cochrane Library. Furthermore, the online system Questel Orbit (Paris, France) was accessed to obtain patent data. The inclusion criteria were articles and patents that investigated the antimicrobial activity of antibacterial monomers in dental adhesive systems. Only documents written in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included.
RESULTS
After screening, 33 studies and eight patents fulfilled all the criteria and were included. Antibacterial agents, such as QA, MDPB, DMAHM and DMADDM were found in patents, which claimed their incorporation into adhesive compositions, dental cements, composite resins. MDPB was the only antimicrobial monomer incorporated into a commercially available adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond™ (Kuraray Co. Ltd., Japan). All studies reported the inclusion of antimicrobial monomers in adhesive systems to be an effective dental treatment strategy.
SIGNIFICANCE
There are potential areas to be explored with antibacterial monomers for dentistry, and their use could have important implications for future more conservative dental treatments. Although there is evidence of antibacterial activity from in vitro studies, clinical studies must be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of these materials in the prevention of dental pathologies.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; Resin Cements
PubMed: 26345999
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.155