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Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Aug 2017The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature and evidence about (a) the validation of masseter muscle ultrasonography for... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature and evidence about (a) the validation of masseter muscle ultrasonography for accurate assessment of muscle thickness and (b) the reproducibility of masseter muscle thickness measures. An electronic literature search was conducted using determined keywords on specific databases. Preliminary search revealed 298 articles listed in Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. 60 duplicates were rejected, leaving 238 articles for review. After reading titles and abstracts, 31 articles remained. 23 articles were assessed for eligibility. These articles were categorized as follows: thickness, cross-section, volume and the length of the masseter muscle measured by ultrasonography. It is possible to verify the thickness of the masseter muscle in males and females in relaxation (10-15 and 9-13 mm, respectively) and contraction (14-19 and 12-15 mm, respectively). A similar tendency can also be evidenced in other measurements. Many studies evaluate masseter muscle dimensions to relate it to cephalometric analysis as such to evaluate morphological variations. It can be concluded that ultrasound is a reliable clinical tool for masseter muscle measurements, yet there is a need for standardization of methods and parameters to be recorded.
Topics: Humans; Masseter Muscle; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 28467130
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170052 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2023Changes in the ventilation demand nursing interventions duly adapted to the management of said impairment and to the adaptability of the child/parents. This revision... (Review)
Review
PROBLEM
Changes in the ventilation demand nursing interventions duly adapted to the management of said impairment and to the adaptability of the child/parents. This revision aimed to investigate the evidence behind the interventions performed on children with impaired ventilation.'
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Systematic reviews of literature in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese from studies on nursing interventions related to children with impaired ventilation in all contexts of the clinical practice. The Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations were followed.
SAMPLE
We conducted a comprehensive search as of January 2022 and updated as of June 2023. The following electronic databases were searched: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), MedicLatina (via EBSCO), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (via EBSCO), and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE). Nineteen articles published between 2012 and 2022 were included in this review.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies investigated the efficacy of respiratory exercises (Breathing Control - relaxed breathing, pursed lip breathing, Diaphragmatic breathing exercises, respiratory expansion exercise - deep breathing exercise, thoracic expansion exercises (with device), exercises for respiratory muscle strengthening and position to optimize ventilation. In the majority of the studies, it was not possible to evaluate the interventions separately. Thirteen studies evidenced the efficacy of respiratory exercises, BIPAP, and oxygen therapy. Seven articles demonstrated the effectiveness of respiratory muscle-strengthening exercises, and only three mentioned the efficacy of positioning regarding impaired ventilation. Interventions based on respiratory exercises and respiratory muscle training were the most common ones.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that nursing interventions to optimize ventilation are efficient. Nevertheless, the same present a low to moderate evidence degree, justified by the population characteristics (small and heterogeneous).
IMPLICATIONS
There is proof of evidence for the studied interventions. However, the lack of methodological robustness points to future research to duly describe interventions, data, and comparable results, using reliable samples in which the focus of the study is clear.
Topics: Child; Humans; Breathing Exercises; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37690429
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.08.027 -
Heliyon Apr 2019We perform a systematically search, appraise and synthesize of the best available evidence on the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in the adults with... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We perform a systematically search, appraise and synthesize of the best available evidence on the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) in the adults with schizophrenia, in any setting, regarding anxiety, personal and social functioning, cognition, and well-being.
METHOD
Major databases were searched to find both published and unpublished studies from inception until April 2017, using Schizophren* AND Relax* as keywords, and studies published in Portuguese, English, Spanish, Italian, French were considered for inclusion in this review. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials from the Joanna Briggs Institute.
RESULTS
From a total of 1172 studies, five studies, involving 216 adults with schizophrenia, met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review after assessment of their methodological quality. These studies reported benefits in experimental group participants after PMR intervention on anxiety (assessed with State anxiety inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory), well-being (assessed with Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale) and personal and social functioning (assessed with Sheehan Disability Scale and Therapist Rating Scale).
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence suggests that PMR was effective in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, except in one study where was only effective when combined with education. Thus, PMR may be useful to decrease state anxiety, improve well-being and social functioning in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, due to the diversity of clinical intervention designs of PMR (different number and length of sessions) and outcome assessment scales, no strong evidence was found in this systematic review.
PubMed: 31049425
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01484 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jun 2024Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and exclusivity. There are connections between lactation and mental health.
OBJECTIVE
To appraise all available evidence on whether the provision of relaxation interventions to lactating individuals improves lactation and well-being.
DATA SOURCES
Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched on September 30, 2023, and topic experts were consulted.
STUDY SELECTION
Two independent reviewers screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were full-text, peer-reviewed publications with a randomized clinical trial design. Techniques that were entirely physical (eg, massage) were excluded. A total of 7% of initially identified studies met selection criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Fixed-effects meta-analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations guidelines were used to synthesize and present evidence.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Prespecified primary outcomes were human milk quantity, length and exclusivity of human milk feeding, milk macronutrients/cortisol, and infant growth and behavior.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies were included with 1871 participants (pooled mean [SD] age for 1656 participants, 29.6 [6.1] years). Interventions were music, guided relaxation, mindfulness, and breathing exercises/muscle relaxation. Provision of relaxation was not associated with a change in human milk protein (mean difference [MD], 0 g/100 mL; 95% CI, 0; 205 participants). Provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89; 464 participants), increased infant weight gain in breastfeeding infants (MD, z score change = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30-0.72; 226 participants), and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety (SMD stress score, -0.49; 95% CI, -0.70 to -0.27; 355 participants; SMD anxiety score, -0.45; 95% CI, -0.67 to -0.22; 410 participants).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity and infant weight gain and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety. Relaxation interventions can be offered to lactating parents who would like to increase well-being and improve milk supply or, where directly breastfeeding, increase infant weight gain.
Topics: Humans; Relaxation Therapy; Milk, Human; Breast Feeding; Lactation; Infant, Newborn; Female; Infant
PubMed: 38709505
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0814 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jun 2019Satoyoshi syndrome is a multisystemic rare disease of unknown etiology, although an autoimmune basis is presumed. Its main symptoms are: painful muscle spasms, diarrhea,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Satoyoshi syndrome is a multisystemic rare disease of unknown etiology, although an autoimmune basis is presumed. Its main symptoms are: painful muscle spasms, diarrhea, alopecia and skeletal abnormalities. Clinical course without treatment may result in serious disability or death. A review of treatment and its response is still pending.
RESULTS
Sixty-four cases of Satoyoshi syndrome were published between 1967 and 2018. 47 cases described the treatment administered. Drugs used can be divided into two main groups of treatment: muscle relaxants/anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids/immunosuppressants. Dantrolene improved muscle symptoms in 13 out of 15 cases, but not any other symptoms of the disease. Other muscle relaxants or anticonvulsant drugs showed little or no effect. 28 out of 30 cases responded to a regimen that included costicosteroids. Other immunosuppressive drugs including cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, methotrexate, tacrolimus and cyclophosphamide were used to decrease corticosteroid dose or improve efficacy. Immunoglobulin therapy was used in nine patients and four of them obtained a favorable response.
CONCLUSION
Corticosteroids was the most widely treatment employed with the best results in Satoyoshi syndrome. Further studies are needed to determine optimal dose and duration of corticosteroids as well as the role of other immunosuppressants and immunoglobulin therapy. Genetic or autoimmune markers will be useful to guide future therapies.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alopecia; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Bone and Bones; Dantrolene; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Rare Diseases; Spasm
PubMed: 31217029
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1120-7 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Apr 2015Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) required for cardiac surgery presents unique challenges to the cardiac anesthesiologist responsible for providing the 3 most basic facets of... (Review)
Review
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) required for cardiac surgery presents unique challenges to the cardiac anesthesiologist responsible for providing the 3 most basic facets of any anesthetic: amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Unique pathophysiologic changes during CPB result in pharmacokinetic alterations that impact the serum and tissue concentrations of IV and volatile anesthetics. Similarly, CPB causes pharmacodynamic alterations that impact anesthetic efficacy. The clinical significance of these alterations represents a "moving target" as practice evolves and the technology of CPB circuitry advances. In addition, perfusionists choose, modify, and maintain the CPB circuitry and membrane oxygenator. Thus, their significance may not be fully appreciated by the anesthesiologist. These issues have a profound impact on the anesthetic state of the patient. The delivery and maintenance of anesthesia during CPB present unique challenges. The perfusionist may be directly responsible for the delivery of anesthetic during CPB, a situation unique to the cardiac suite. In addition, monitors of anesthetic depth-assessment of clinical signs, hemodynamic indicators, the bispectral index monitor, end-tidal anesthetic concentration, or twitch monitoring-are often absent, unreliable, or directly impacted by the unique pathophysiology associated with CPB. The magnitude of these challenges is reflected in the higher incidence of intraoperative awareness during cardiac surgery. Further complicating matters are the lack of specific clinical guidelines and varying international policies regarding medical device specifications that add further layers of complexity and introduce practice variability both within institutions and among nations. We performed a systematic survey of the literature to identify where anesthetic practice during CPB is evidence based (or not), identify gaps in the literature to guide future investigations, and explore the implications of evolving surgical practice, perfusion techniques, and national policies that impact amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation during CPB.
Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Drug Delivery Systems; Electroencephalography; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Inflammation; Lung; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Oxygen; Reproducibility of Results; Solubility
PubMed: 25790208
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000612 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2018Fibromyalgia is a chronic widespread pain condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Current pharmacotherapies are often ineffective and poorly tolerated.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fibromyalgia is a chronic widespread pain condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Current pharmacotherapies are often ineffective and poorly tolerated. Combining different agents could provide superior pain relief and possibly also fewer side effects.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of combination pharmacotherapy compared to monotherapy or placebo, or both, for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain in adults.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase to September 2017. We also searched reference lists of other reviews and trials registries.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Double-blind, randomised controlled trials comparing combinations of two or more drugs to placebo or other comparators, or both, for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
From all studies, we extracted data on: participant-reported pain relief of 30% or 50% or greater; patient global impression of clinical change (PGIC) much or very much improved or very much improved; any other pain-related outcome of improvement; withdrawals (lack of efficacy, adverse events), participants experiencing any adverse event, serious adverse events, and specific adverse events (e.g. somnolence and dizziness). The primary comparison was between combination and one or all single-agent comparators. We also assessed the evidence using GRADE and created a 'Summary of findings' table.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified 16 studies with 1474 participants. Three studies combined a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a benzodiazepine (306 participants); two combined amitriptyline with fluoxetine (89 participants); two combined amitriptyline with a different agent (92 participants); two combined melatonin with an antidepressant (164 participants); one combined carisoprodol, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and caffeine (58 participants); one combined tramadol and paracetamol (acetaminophen) (315 participants); one combined malic acid and magnesium (24 participants); one combined a monoamine oxidase inhibitor with 5-hydroxytryptophan (200 participants); and one combined pregabalin with duloxetine (41 participants). Six studies compared the combination of multiple agents with each component alone and with inactive placebo; three studies compared combination pharmacotherapy with each individual component but did not include an inactive placebo group; two studies compared the combination of two agents with only one of the agents alone; and three studies compared the combination of two or more agents only with inactive placebo.Heterogeneity among studies in terms of class of agents evaluated, specific combinations used, outcomes reported, and doses given prevented any meta-analysis. None of the combinations of drugs found provided sufficient data for analysis compared with placebo or other comparators for our preferred outcomes. We therefore provide a narrative description of results. There was no or inadequate evidence in any comparison for primary and secondary outcomes. Two studies only reported any primary outcomes of interest (patient-reported pain relief of 30%, or 50%, or greater). For each 'Risk of bias' item, only half or fewer of studies had unequivocal low risk of bias. Small size and selective reporting were common as high risk of bias.Our GRADE assessment was therefore very low for primary outcomes of pain relief of 30% or 50% or greater, PGIC much or very much improved or very much improved, any pain-related outcome, participants experiencing any adverse event, any serious adverse event, or withdrawing because of an adverse event.Three studies found some evidence that combination pharmacotherapy reduced pain compared to monotherapy; these trials tested three different combinations: melatonin and amitriptyline, fluoxetine and amitriptyline, and pregabalin and duloxetine. Adverse events experienced by participants were not serious, and where they were reported (in 12 out of 16 studies), all participants experienced them, regardless of treatment. Common adverse events were nausea, dizziness, somnolence, and headache.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are few, large, high-quality trials comparing combination pharmacotherapy with monotherapy for fibromyalgia, consequently limiting evidence to support or refute the use of combination pharmacotherapy for fibromyalgia.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Acetaminophen; Adult; Amitriptyline; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Carisoprodol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Fibromyalgia; Fluoxetine; Humans; Magnesium; Malates; Melatonin; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pregabalin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 29457627
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010585.pub2 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Electrolyte disturbances related to sodium and potassium affect patients with mental disorders undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The objective of this study... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Electrolyte disturbances related to sodium and potassium affect patients with mental disorders undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The objective of this study was to systematically summarize the data regarding ECT and electrolyte disturbances related to sodium and potassium.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Clinical studies of patients receiving ECT with electrolyte disturbances reported before or after treatment were included.
RESULTS
We identified nine case reports and two retrospective studies describing electrolyte abnormalities occurring before or after ECT. ECT was effective and safe in patients with hyponatremia and hypernatremia, including the elderly patient population. This treatment was also effective in treating psychiatric symptoms that may persist after ionic equalization. Electrolyte disturbances after ECT were rare. Reports have suggested that succinylcholine used as a muscle relaxant was the main cause of hyperkalemia after ECT.
CONCLUSIONS
Electrolyte control is a crucial aspect of guiding ECT therapy. In the context of sodium-related disorders, it is critical to control patient hydration as part of therapy. In addition, succinylcholine should not be used in patients with immobilization, such as catatonia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It is necessary to conduct further studies to clarify whether electrolyte concentration affects ECT parameters and clinical efficacy. In addition, it is necessary to assess the influence of various anesthetics on these conditions during ECT. The result of this review should be interpreted bearing in mind the small number of studies conducted to date and the low quality of the evidence they provide.
PubMed: 37892815
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206677 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Apr 2024Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients, usually accompanied by anxiety, depression and insomnia, which seriously affect patients'... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation training on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.
BACKGROUND
Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients, usually accompanied by anxiety, depression and insomnia, which seriously affect patients' quality of life. Progressive muscle relaxation training is widely used for cancer-related fatigue, but the overall effect is unclear.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence on the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Nine electronic databases (PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wanfang Database) were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before February 2023. This study was reported based on the PRISMA 2020 statement. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool was used for methodological assessment, and the GRADE pro online assessment tool was used for evidence evaluation. The data were analyzed with the Review Manager 5.4 software.
RESULTS
Twelve studies involving 1047 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that progressive muscle relaxation training plus routine nursing produced more positive effects than routine nursing in improving cancer-related fatigue [SMD = -1.06, 95 % CI -1.49, -0.62, P < 0.00001], anxiety [SMD = -1.09, 95 % CI -1.40, -0.77, P < 0.00001], depression [SMD = -1.43, 95 % CI -1.76, -1.10, P < 0.00001], and quality of sleep [MD = -1.41, 95 % CI -1.74, -1.08, P < 0.00001]. However, there was no significant difference in improving quality of life [SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI -0.62, 1.15, P = 0.55]. Progressive resistance exercise plus routine nursing improved cancer-related fatigue more than progressive muscle relaxation training plus routine nursing [SMD = 1.11, 95 % CI 0.43, 1.78, P = 0.001]. There was low certainty of evidence that progressive muscle relaxation training improved cancer-related fatigue and quality of sleep, and the evidence that improved quality of life, anxiety and depression was very low.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence suggested that progressive muscle relaxation training has the potential to improve cancer-related fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality of sleep in patients with cancer and is a low-load, simple exercise worthy of recommendation for cancer patients in fatigue state. Future research should focus on improving the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials to enhance the persuasive evidence of progressive muscle relaxation training efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Autogenic Training; Exercise; Fatigue; Neoplasms; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38281450
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104694 -
Indian Journal of Palliative Care 2021Breast cancer affects the mental well-being of patients who may need psychological support. The combined practice of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and guided... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer affects the mental well-being of patients who may need psychological support. The combined practice of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and guided imagery (GI) is known to improve psychological health. Its effect has been studied in patients with breast cancer. We need to systematically review and analyse the available data to outline its role in various stages of disease management. We wanted to evaluate the effect of the combined practice of PMR and GI on stress, anxiety, depression and mood. We also wanted to study the impact on quality of life and chemotherapy-related adverse effects. A systematic search and evaluation of the literature was performed. Five randomised controlled trials were selected for data extraction and construction of forest plots. The intervention was effective for stress and anxiety. It positively improved the quality of life but saw no significant improvement in chemotherapy-related adverse effects.
PubMed: 34511805
DOI: 10.25259/IJPC_136_21