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Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Feb 2016This review considers recent evidence on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as a marker of child sexual abuse (CSA), when diagnosed after the neonatal period. It... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review considers recent evidence on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as a marker of child sexual abuse (CSA), when diagnosed after the neonatal period. It also aims to identify if there are specific areas where additional research is required.
RECENT FINDINGS
An evidence-based systematic review using strict inclusion criteria shows that CSA is a major cause of STIs in children. In children 12 years and below, 36-83% of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 75-94% of Chlamydia trachomatis infections are due to CSA; for children 14 years and younger, 31-58% of anogenital warts are due to CSA. In child genital sampling, genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types were more common in those considered abused (13.7%) than nonabused (1.3%). HPV typing of genital warts in children were all of genital type 6. Subsequent research, into N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and syphilis in children including ophthalmic infection, found that 13 of 15 cases were confirmed/likely due to CSA. Recent data indicate that bacterial vaginosis and Mycoplasma genitalium are related to sexual activity in adults but did not assess children.
SUMMARY
STIs in children under 13-14 years may indicate CSA. Genital HPV types are associated with CSA. Research is required of sufficient standard to contribute to the evidence base.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Chlamydia Infections; Condylomata Acuminata; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 26658657
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000233 -
Arab Journal of Urology 2021: To systematically review the available literature on the long-term effects of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) on male reproductive functions. A PubMed search was... (Review)
Review
: To systematically review the available literature on the long-term effects of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) on male reproductive functions. A PubMed search was conducted on 3 January 2021, and as a result, 952 articles were retrieved. Exclusion of irrelevant articles resulted in 36 articles, dating from 1998 to 2020, which were analysed. Only 52.8% of these articles described original research, while the rest were reviews. The majority (26) of the articles dealt with bacterial infections, of which 20 described . There were 11 articles that described research on viruses, with five on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The analysis of the articles showed further that not much new knowledge on the long-term effects on male reproductive functions has been added. The existing knowledge that ascending infections can cause epididymo-orchitis, prostatitis or urethritis was confirmed. Due to epithelial inflammatory responses these infections can result in scarring with resulting infertility due to obstruction. These effects were described for or , as well as for the Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Even trichomoniasis can lead to long-term compromised male fertility if not treated. In conclusion, problem awareness needs to be raised and more research on this important topic needs to be conducted.
PubMed: 34552793
DOI: 10.1080/2090598X.2021.1942414 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Oct 2021Men who have sex with men (MSM) who have bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at increased risk for HIV infection. We enhanced and updated past summary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Men who have sex with men (MSM) who have bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are at increased risk for HIV infection. We enhanced and updated past summary risk estimates.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed (PROSPERO No. CRD42018084299) peer-reviewed studies assessing the risk of HIV infection among MSM attributable to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (TP), and/or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). We searched 3 databases through December 2017. We excluded studies with self-reported data or simultaneous STI and HIV assessment. We conducted dual screening and data extraction, meta-analytically pooled risk ratios (RRs), and assessed potential risk of bias.
RESULTS
We included 26 studies yielding 39 RR (k) for HIV acquisition due to one of TP, NG, or CT. We did not identify eligible data for MG or TV, or for HIV transmission. HIV acquisition risk increased among MSM infected with TP (k = 21; RR, 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00-3.58), NG (k = 11; RR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.56-3.61), and CT (k = 7; RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.59-2.48). Subanalysis RRs for all 3 pathogens were ≥1.66 and remained statistically significant across geography and methodological characteristics. Pooled RR increased for data with the lowest risk of bias for NG (k = 3; RR, 5.49; 95% CI, 1.11-27.05) and TP (k = 4; RR, 4.32; 95% CI, 2.20-8.51). We observed mostly moderate to high heterogeneity and moderate to high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Men who have sex with men infected with TP, NG, or CT have twice or greater risk of HIV acquisition, although uncertainties exist because of data heterogeneity and risk of bias.
Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Gonorrhea; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Prevalence; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 33783414
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001403 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The use of self-collected specimens as an alternative to healthcare worker-collected specimens for diagnostic testing has gained increasing attention in recent years.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Accuracy of self-collected versus healthcare worker collected specimens for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in females: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
The use of self-collected specimens as an alternative to healthcare worker-collected specimens for diagnostic testing has gained increasing attention in recent years. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens compared to healthcare worker-collected specimens across different sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in females. A rigorous process was followed to screen for studies in various electronic databases. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. There were no studies on syphilis that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. A total of six studies for chlamydia, five studies for HPV, four studies for MG, and seven studies for gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis were included in the review. However, not all studies were included in the sub-group meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that self-collected specimens demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy to healthcare worker-collected specimens across most STIs. This indicates that the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens can provide accurate results and enhance access to diagnostic testing, potentially improving healthcare service delivery. Future research should further explore the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens in larger and more diverse populations.
Topics: Humans; Female; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Specimen Handling; Health Personnel; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Gonorrhea; Chlamydia trachomatis
PubMed: 38714714
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61358-y