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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Myopia is a global public health problem affecting quality of life and work productivity. Data is scarce regarding the effects of near work on myopia. Providing a larger... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Myopia is a global public health problem affecting quality of life and work productivity. Data is scarce regarding the effects of near work on myopia. Providing a larger meta-analysis with life-long perspective, including adults and occupational exposure seemed needed.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Science Direct for studies reporting myopia prevalence in near work. Myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 diopter. We performed a meta-analysis using random-effects model on myopia prevalence, myopia progression per year, and odds ratio (OR) of myopia in near work, completed by subgroup analyses and meta-regressions on patients' characteristics, type of work in adults, geographic zones, time and characteristics of near work.
RESULTS
We included 78 studies, representing a total of 254,037 participants, aged from 6 to 39 years. The global prevalence of myopia in near work was 35% (95% CI: 30 to 41%), with a prevalence of 31% (95% CI: 26 to 37%) in children and 46% (95% CI: 30 to 62%) in adults. Myopia progression was -0.39 diopters per year (-0.53 to -0.24 D/year), ranging from -0.44 (-0.57 to -0.31) in children to -0.25 D/year (-0.56 to 0.06) in adults. The odds of myopia in workers exposed vs. non-exposed to near work were increased by 26% (18 to 34%), by 31% (21 to 42%) in children and 21% (6 to 35%) in adults. Prevalence of myopia was higher in adults compared to children (Coefficient 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.27).
CONCLUSIONS
Near work conditions, including occupational exposure in adults, could be associated with myopia. Targeted prevention should be implemented in the workplace.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Quality of Life; Myopia; Refraction, Ocular; Odds Ratio; Prevalence
PubMed: 36613196
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010875 -
JAMA Pediatrics Jun 2022Animal studies have found that antenatal corticosteroids affect many organs across multiple stages of life. However, the long-term outcomes in human children are not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Animal studies have found that antenatal corticosteroids affect many organs across multiple stages of life. However, the long-term outcomes in human children are not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes associated with preterm exposure to antenatal corticosteroids compared with no exposure in all children as well as children with preterm and full-term birth.
DATA SOURCES
Academic databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 2000, to October 29, 2021, including Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. References of articles were also searched for relevant studies.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cohort studies that assessed long-term neurodevelopmental, psychological, or other outcomes at 1 year or older in those who had preterm exposure to antenatal corticosteroids were included. No language restrictions were set.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently extracted data using a piloted data extraction form. Data on study population, pregnancy characteristics, exposure to antenatal corticosteroids, and outcomes were collected. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines were followed, and random-effects models were used for the meta-analysis.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was an author-defined composite of any adverse neurodevelopmental and/or psychological disorder. The secondary outcomes included specific measures of psychological disorders; neurodevelopmental delay; and anthropometric, metabolic, and cardiorespiratory outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, and involved more than 1.25 million children who were at least 1 year of age when the outcomes were assessed. Exposure to a single course of antenatal corticosteroids for children with extremely preterm birth was associated with a significant reduction in risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.57-0.84]; I2 = 0%; low certainty). For children with late-preterm birth, exposure to antenatal corticosteroids was associated with a higher risk of investigation for neurocognitive disorders (n = 25 668 children; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.05-1.20]; low certainty). For children with full-term birth, exposure to antenatal corticosteroids was associated with a higher risk of mental or behavioral disorders (n = 641 487 children; aHR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.36-1.60]; low certainty) as well as proven or suspected neurocognitive disorders (n = 529 205 children; aHR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.10-1.21]; low certainty).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Results of this study showed that exposure to a single course of antenatal corticosteroids was associated with a significantly lower risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with extremely preterm birth but a significantly higher risk of adverse neurocognitive and/or psychological outcomes in children with late-preterm and full-term birth, who made up approximately half of those with exposure to antenatal corticosteroids. The findings suggest a need for caution in administering antenatal corticosteroids.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Female; Humans; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 35404395
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0483 -
The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine Feb 2016Smokers increasingly use e-cigarettes for many reasons, including attempts to quit combustible cigarettes and to use nicotine where smoking is prohibited. We aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Smokers increasingly use e-cigarettes for many reasons, including attempts to quit combustible cigarettes and to use nicotine where smoking is prohibited. We aimed to assess the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking cessation among adult cigarette smokers, irrespective of their motivation for using e-cigarettes.
METHODS
PubMed and Web of Science were searched between April 27, 2015, and June 17, 2015. Data extracted included study location, design, population, definition and prevalence of e-cigarette use, comparison group (if applicable), cigarette consumption, level of nicotine dependence, other confounders, definition of quitting smoking, and odds of quitting smoking. The primary endpoint was cigarette smoking cessation. Odds of smoking cessation among smokers using e-cigarettes compared with smokers not using e-cigarettes were assessed using a random effects meta-analysis. A modification of the ACROBAT-NRSI tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess bias. This meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42015020382).
FINDINGS
38 studies (of 577 studies identified) were included in the systematic review; all 20 studies with control groups (15 cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two clinical trials) were included in random effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses. Odds of quitting cigarettes were 28% lower in those who used e-cigarettes compared with those who did not use e-cigarettes (odds ratio [OR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·91). Association of e-cigarette use with quitting did not significantly differ among studies of all smokers using e-cigarettes (irrespective of interest in quitting cigarettes) compared with studies of only smokers interested in cigarette cessation (OR 0·63, 95% CI 0·45-0·86 vs 0·86, 0·60-1·23; p=0·94). Other study characteristics (design, population, comparison group, control variables, time of exposure assessment, biochemical verification of abstinence, and definition of e-cigarette use) were also not associated with the overall effect size (p≥0·77 in all cases).
INTERPRETATION
As currently being used, e-cigarettes are associated with significantly less quitting among smokers.
FUNDING
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, FDA Center for Tobacco Products.
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Motivation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 26776875
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00521-4 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Jun 2022Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between breakfast consumption and mental health with conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between breakfast consumption and mental health with conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to summarize evidences on the association between skipping breakfast and mental health.
METHODS
We searched online databases for all related papers through the comprehensive international data bases of Institute of PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI/WOS and Scopus up to December 2019, using relevant keywords. Overall, 14 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The total sample size of all selected studies was 399,550 individuals with age range of 6 to ≥65 years old. We found a significant positive association between skipping breakfast and Odds Ratio (OR) of depression (pooled OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.34-1.44), stress (pooled OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.43) and psychological distress (pooled OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.47-1.62). In contrast, there was no significant association between skipping breakfast and anxiety in all age cohort (pooled OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.97-1.65). However, subgroup analysis based on age stratification showed that there was a significant positive association between skipping breakfast and anxiety in adolescences (pooled OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.25-1.77).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, skipping breakfast was positively associated with odds of depression, stress and psychological distress in all age groups and anxiety in adolescence, underlining impact of breakfast on mental health.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Breakfast; Child; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Mental Health; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 33314992
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1853411 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Apr 2020To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature from large databases and registries to assess the effects of ADHD medication on associated functional... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature from large databases and registries to assess the effects of ADHD medication on associated functional outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN
A literature search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for articles published prior to January 2019. Sample size, age range, country of origin, medication type, number of functional events and non-events, odds ratios and hazard ratios, and means and standard deviations were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 21 studies examining functional outcomes.
RESULTS
40 articles were included. The majority suggest a robust protective effect of ADHD medication treatment on mood disorders, suicidality, criminality, substance use disorders, accidents and injuries, traumatic brain injuries, motor vehicle crashes, and educational outcomes. Similarly, the meta-analyses demonstrated a protective effect of medication treatment on academic outcomes, accidents and injuries, and mood disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that ADHD medication treatments are associated with decreases in the risks for a wide range of ADHD-associated functional outcomes supporting efforts aimed at early diagnosis and treatment of individuals with ADHD.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Databases, Factual; Humans; Odds Ratio; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 32014701
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.006 -
Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik,... Jun 2019Obesity and anxiety are the two most common health problems and increased body mass index can be lead to anxiety. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Obesity and anxiety are the two most common health problems and increased body mass index can be lead to anxiety.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the frequency of anxiety symptoms in people who are obese/overweight.
METHODS
For this purpose the authors systematically searched keywords in the databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google scholar through August 2018. After a comprehensive review, 25 studies were included into the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of anxiety in obesity had a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.30 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.20-1.41 and in overweight had an OR of 1.10 and CI of 1.00-1.21. Comparison between obesity/overweight and normal weight showed high frequency of anxiety in obesity/overweight with respect to subgroups (sex, obesity and anxiety assessment, adjusted/unadjusted, anxiety duration and age). Evaluation of 25 studies included in the meta-analysis showed publication bias.
CONCLUSION
Overall, findings indicate anxiety occurs more frequently in obese/overweight people compared with normal weight people.
Topics: Anxiety; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Humans; Obesity; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 30778841
DOI: 10.1007/s40211-019-0302-9 -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Feb 2022Depression may be the most common cause of emotional distress later in life and can significantly reduce the quality of life in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Depression may be the most common cause of emotional distress later in life and can significantly reduce the quality of life in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by the continuous loss of skeletal muscle mass and decreased strength and function. In recent years, many studies have shown a correlation between sarcopenia and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among individuals with sarcopenia and to ascertain whether sarcopenia is independently associated with depression.
METHODS
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for papers on sarcopenia published up to 31 August 2021. We reviewed the literature on the number of individuals with sarcopenia, the number of individuals with both sarcopenia and depression, and the odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia to depression. Statistical analyses were performed using Meta-DiSc 1.4 software and Stata version 12.0.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria for review: nine reported both prevalence and ORs, four described prevalence only, and six detailed the ORs only. Regarding prevalence, there were 1476 cases of sarcopenia and 364 of depression in the selected studies; the mean age of the patients was 75.5 years, and the overall prevalence of depression was 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-0.36]. Significant heterogeneity was noted (P < 0.001; I = 92.2%). In the case of ORs, there were 16 869 subjects with a mean age of 73 years; the overall adjusted OR between sarcopenia and depression was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.32-1.86). Significant heterogeneity was noted in the adjusted ORs (P < 0.001; I = 75.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of depression in patients with sarcopenia was high relatively, and there was a correlation between sarcopenia and depression.
Topics: Aged; Depression; Humans; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 34997702
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12908 -
JAMA Network Open Oct 2022The benefits and disadvantages of different pretransplant dialysis modalities and their posttransplant outcomes remain unclear in contemporary kidney transplant care. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
The benefits and disadvantages of different pretransplant dialysis modalities and their posttransplant outcomes remain unclear in contemporary kidney transplant care.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the available evidence of the association of different pretransplant dialysis modalities, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD), with posttransplant outcomes.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and gray literature were searched from inception to March 18, 2022 (updated to April 1, 2022), for relevant studies and with no language restrictions.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized observational (case-control and cohort) studies that investigated the association between pretransplant dialysis modality and posttransplant outcomes regardless of age or donor sources (living or deceased) were abstracted independently by 2 reviewers.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines, 2 reviewers independently extracted relevant information using a standardized approach. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio and 95% CI.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, overall graft failure, death-censored graft failure, and delayed graft function. Secondary outcomes included acute rejection, graft vessel thrombosis, oliguria, de novo heart failure, and new-onset diabetes after transplant.
RESULTS
The study analyzed 26 nonrandomized studies (1 case-control and 25 cohort), including 269 715 patients (mean recipient age range, 14.5-67.0 years; reported proportions of female individuals, 29.4%-66.9%) whose outcomes associated with pretransplant hemodialysis vs pretransplant PD were compared. No significant difference, with very low certainty of evidence, was observed between pretransplant PD and all-cause mortality (13 studies; n = 221 815; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]; P = .08) as well as death-censored graft failure (5 studies; n = 96 439; HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.14]; P = .81). However, pretransplant PD was associated with a lower risk for overall graft failure (10 studies; n = 209 287; HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.92-0.99]; P = .02; very low certainty of evidence) and delayed graft function (6 studies; n = 47 118; odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.70-0.76]; P < .001; low certainty of evidence). Secondary outcomes were inconclusive due to few studies with available data.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Results of the study suggest that pretransplant PD is a preferred dialysis modality option during the transition to kidney transplant. Future studies are warranted to address shared decision-making between health care professionals, patients, and caregivers as well as patient preferences.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Kidney Transplantation; Renal Dialysis; Delayed Graft Function; Peritoneal Dialysis; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36264575
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.37580 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Oct 2021Depression is a disease prevalent in most older people and is negatively associated with suicidal ideation and behaviour in the elderly. The objective of this systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Depression is a disease prevalent in most older people and is negatively associated with suicidal ideation and behaviour in the elderly. The objective of this systematic review was to study the relationship between suicidal behaviour and the associated risk factors that lead older people to commit it.
METHODS
We searched systematically in the PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and CUIDEN database, in addition, we used a search engine, Google Scholar, including studies when they were observational, with population of 60 years or more, whose patients had made any suicide attempt and instead were excluded when the participants were children or adolescents, reported cases of homicide or only reported the methods used in the suicide. The search was not delimited based on filters or time periods. The data is presented based on Odds Ratio, Relative Risk and percentage (%).
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were included in this systematic review. Various factors associated with the appearance of suicidal behaviour in the elderly were reported, the following are the most relevant: serious mental disorders (mean OR/RR value of 157.80); depression (mean OR/RR value of 16.53); and previous suicide attempts (average OR/RR value of 12.33).
CONCLUSIONS
Pathological, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors related to the ideation and appearance of suicidal behaviour in the elderly have been differentiated.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Child; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Spain; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 34620818
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2022A meta-analytic approach was used to identify potential risk factors for dry eye syndrome. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analytic approach was used to identify potential risk factors for dry eye syndrome. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for studies investigated the risk factors for dry eye syndrome from their inception until September 2021. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random-effects model. Forty-eight studies comprising 493,630 individuals were included. Older age (OR: 1.82; P<0.001), female sex (OR: 1.56; P<0.001), other race (OR: 1.27; P<0.001), visual display terminal use (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), cataract surgery (OR: 1.80; P<0.001), contact lens wear (OR: 1.74; P<0.001), pterygium (OR: 1.85; P = 0.014), glaucoma (OR: 1.77; P = 0.007), eye surgery (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), depression (OR: 1.83; P<0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 1.65; P<0.001), sleep apnea (OR: 1.57; P = 0.003), asthma (OR: 1.43; P<0.001), allergy (OR: 1.38; P<0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.12; P = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15; P = 0.019), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.20; P<0.001), stroke (OR: 1.32; P<0.001), rosacea (OR: 1.99; P = 0.001), thyroid disease (OR: 1.60; P<0.001), gout (OR: 1.40; P<0.001), migraines (OR: 1.53; P<0.001), arthritis (OR: 1.76; P<0.001), osteoporosis (OR: 1.36; P = 0.030), tumor (OR: 1.46; P<0.001), eczema (OR: 1.30; P<0.001), and systemic disease (OR: 1.45; P = 0.007) were associated with an increased risk of dry eye syndrome. This study reported risk factors for dry eye syndrome, and identified patients at high risk for dry eye syndrome.
Topics: Contact Lenses; Dry Eye Syndromes; Female; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35984830
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271267