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Journal of the American Medical... Aug 2023In adults, short and long sleep duration has been associated with sarcopenia risk. Studies have shown that various factors, including biological and psychological... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
In adults, short and long sleep duration has been associated with sarcopenia risk. Studies have shown that various factors, including biological and psychological factors, could be the underlying cause of the association between aberrant sleep duration and sarcopenia risk. In this study, we have qualitatively and quantitatively summarized previously published studies on sleep duration to assess the relationship between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk in adults. This would aid in enhancing our understanding of recent advancements in this field and the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
In this review, we included studies evaluating the association between the duration of sleep and sarcopenia in adults in observational studies.
METHODS
Five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science) were searched to April 20, 2023, to identify studies related to sarcopenia and sleep duration. Next, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for sarcopenia prevalence based on the adjusted data from individual studies. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 11.0.
RESULTS
Sarcopenia prevalence was high (18%) in adults with long sleep duration. Our results showed a significant association between short duration of sleep and high sarcopenia prevalence in older adults (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.41, I = 56.6%). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between all participants with long-duration sleep and high sarcopenia prevalence (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.34-1.75, I = 56.8%). We also observed significant heterogeneity in the adjusted ORs.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
There was a correlation between sarcopenia and short or long sleep duration, especially in older adults. In adults with a long duration of sleep, sarcopenia prevalence was relatively high.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Sleep Duration; Sleep; Time Factors; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37295459
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.04.032 -
RMD Open Jul 2023To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the association between fibromyalgia and mortality and to pool the results in a meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the association between fibromyalgia and mortality and to pool the results in a meta-analysis.
METHODS
The authors searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the key words 'fibromyalgia' and 'mortality' to identify studies that addressed an association between fibromyalgia and mortality. Original papers that assessed associations between fibromyalgia and mortality (all or specific causes) and provided an effect measure (hazard ratio (HR), standardised mortality ratio (SMR), odds ratio (OR)) quantifying the relationship between fibromyalgia and mortality were included in the systematic review. Of 557 papers that were initially identified using the search words, 8 papers were considered eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. We used a Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the risk of bias in the studies.
RESULTS
The total fibromyalgia group included 188 751 patients. An increased HR was found for all-cause mortality (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.51), but not for the subgroup diagnosed by the 1990 criteria. There was a borderline increased SMR for accidents (SMR 1.95, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.92), an increased risk for mortality from infections (SMR 1.66, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.38), and suicide (SMR 3.37, 95% CI 1.52 to 7.50), and a decreased mortality rate for cancer (SMR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.97). The studies showed significant heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
These potential associations indicate that fibromyalgia should be taken seriously, with a special focus on screening for suicidal ideation, accident prevention, and the prevention and treatment of infections.
Topics: Humans; Databases, Factual; Fibromyalgia; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37429737
DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003005 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and to analyse subgroups on important clinical variables that could affect the association between obesity and periodontitis. Therefore, we updated the latest studies and attempted to derive more refined results.
METHODS
All observational studies were eligible for inclusion. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients aged 18-34, 35-54, and 55+ years and the countries (European countries, USA, Brazil, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries).
RESULTS
Thirty-seven full-text articles were included. Obesity conferred increased odds of periodontal disease with an odds ratio (1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75). In the subgroup analysis by age, the odds ratio was the highest in the 18-34 years group (2.21, 95% CI: 1.26-3.89). In the subgroup analysis by country, European countries had the highest odds ratio (2.46, 95% CI: 1.11-5.46).
CONCLUSION
Despite the differences in degree, a positive association between obesity and periodontitis was found regardless of country or age. Therefore, medical professionals should try to prevent periodontitis by controlling patient weights, and more studies should be conducted to determine the association between obesity and oral health.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022301343.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Periodontitis; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Body Weight; Brazil
PubMed: 36353241
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999455 -
The Laryngoscope Nov 2016Falls are a devastating condition in older individuals. Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors such as hearing loss would provide a substantial public health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Falls are a devastating condition in older individuals. Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors such as hearing loss would provide a substantial public health benefit.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the current evidence for an association between hearing loss and falls risk.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed in July 2014.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY
Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature. All studies used a predetermined definition of hearing loss. Main outcomes and measurements were fall hospitalization records or self-reports of falls by structured interview or validated questionnaires.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS
Two investigators independently reviewed the literature related to hearing loss, falls, and older adults. We pooled effect sizes from across the studies and performed a meta-analysis to compute an overall effect size.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Twelve eligible studies were identified. The odds of falling were 2.39 times greater among older adults with hearing loss than older adults with normal hearing (pooled odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-2.68). In sensitivity analyses, we restricted the meta-analysis to studies where hearing loss was audiometrically defined (N = 6) and observed hearing loss to be associated with a 69% increase in the odds of falling (pooled odds ratio 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18-2.19). When we further limited to studies that also performed multivariate regression analyses (N = 4), the overall effect size did not appreciably change (pooled odds ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07-2.37). We observed a potential positive publication bias in the literature. Limitations of the systematic review and meta-analysis are the cross-sectional designs of most studies and the heterogeneity across studies (Q = 631, P < .05, I = 98.1%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In the published literature, hearing loss is associated with a significantly increased odds of falling in older adults. These findings need to be interpreted in light of the potential for positive publication bias in the literature on this topic.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
NA Laryngoscope, 126:2587-2596, 2016.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Hearing Loss; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27010669
DOI: 10.1002/lary.25927 -
Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Jul 2023Epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results between antibiotic use and multiple sclerosis (MS) risks. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results between antibiotic use and multiple sclerosis (MS) risks. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the association between antibiotic use and the risk of MS.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as well as reference lists of retrieved studies were searched systematically to identify studies were assessed the relationship between antibiotic use and MS up to September 24, 2022. Random-effects model was used for the calculation of pooled Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Five independent studies containing 47,491 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results of included studies showed a non-significant positive association between antibiotic use (OR overall=1.01, 95%CI: 0.75-1.37) and a non-significant negative association between penicillin use (OR overall= 0.83; 95%CI: 0.62-1.13) and MS risk. Heterogeneity was (I=90.1, P < 0.001) and (I=90.7, P < 0.001) in antibiotics and penicillin use groups respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis did not show a significant association between antibiotic or penicillin use with the risk of MS. However, due to the limitations of this study, further well-designed studies are required to confirm our findings.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Multiple Sclerosis; Penicillins; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37209499
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104765 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Mar 2016The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the scientific evidence on the association between depression and periodontitis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the scientific evidence on the association between depression and periodontitis.
METHODS
An electronic search was conducted in three databases until October 2015 (PROSPERO-CRD42014006451). Hand searches and grey literature were also included. Search retrieved 423 potentially studies. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data and assessed risk bias through a modified version of Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed for the presence/absence of periodontitis (dichotomic). Summary effect measures and odds ratio (OR) 95% CI were calculated.
RESULTS
After selecting the studies, 15 were included in the systematic review (eight cross-sectional, six case-control and one cohort study). Six studies reported that depression was associated with periodontitis, whereas nine studies did not. The majority of studies had low risk of bias by methodological quality assessment. Meta-analysis of seven cross-sectional studies showed no significant association between depression and periodontitis (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.75-1.41).
CONCLUSION
Findings from the present systematic review showed a great heterogeneity among the studies and the summary effect measure of the meta-analysis cannot affirm an association between depression and periodontitis. Future studies with different designs in distinct populations should be conducted to investigate this association.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Humans; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Periodontitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 26743451
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12510 -
Dermatologic Therapy Mar 2021Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the association between rosacea and smoking, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search of literature published before October 15, 2020 on online databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. 12 articles were included, covering 80 156 controls and 54 132 patients with rosacea. Tobacco consumption was not found to increase the risk of rosacea. However, using subtype analysis (involving 5 articles), we found there was a decreased risk of rosacea in current smokers but an increased risk in ex-smokers. In addition, smoking appears to increase the risk of papulopustular rosacea and phymatous rosacea. Analysis of all included studies also showed that ex-smoking was associated with an increased risk, while current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of rosacea. In order to prevent many diseases, including rosacea, the public should be encouraged to avoid smoking.
Topics: Humans; Odds Ratio; Rosacea; Smoking
PubMed: 33406295
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14747 -
Experimental Gerontology Oct 2023Scientific evidence suggests a relation between dietary factors and sleep. Several studies show that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better...
Scientific evidence suggests a relation between dietary factors and sleep. Several studies show that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better sleep quality, but the relation with chronotype has been only recently explored. The aim of this study was to better understand the relation between chronotype and Mediterranean diet adherence. For this purpose, an analysis of 1936 adults (age 18-90 y) living in Italy was performed to investigate the association between chronotype (assessed with a short form of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (assessed through a 110-item food frequency questionnaire and the Medi-Lite literature-based Mediterranean adherence score). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) describing the association between chronotypes and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (>14 points). Moreover, a systematic review of other observational studies published so far was performed. Individuals reporting having intermediate (n = 614) and evening (n = 173) chronotypes were less likely to have high adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to morning chronotype (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.42 and OR = 0.08, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.27, respectively). When the analysis was conducted in subgroups of age, the results were similar in mid-age (>50 y) participants (for intermediate and evening chronotypes, OR = 0.21, 95 % CI: 0.10, 0.43 and OR = 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.69, respectively) while the association with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet of evening compared to morning chronotype lost significance in older (>60 y) participants (for intermediate and evening chronotypes, OR = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.09, 0.82 and OR = 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.02, 1.92, respectively). Out of 10 studies (date range of publication 2020-2022) included in the systematic review, there was a general consistence of findings showing higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet among morning chronotypes, although few studies reported null results. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that an intermediate and evening chronotype could be associated with lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet, but the association could be modified by other factors when considering older individuals.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronotype; Diet, Mediterranean; Italy; Odds Ratio; Sleep
PubMed: 37673382
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112284 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Jan 2016Myopia may have protective effects against diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the data from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Myopia may have protective effects against diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the data from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between myopia and DR by conducting a meta-analysis.
METHODS
We identified studies by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a fixed or random effects model. Myopic eyes were defined as having a spherical equivalent (SE)<-0.5 diopters (D). Myopic SE, each diopter decrease in SE toward myopia, and each millimeter increase in axial length (AL) were used as independent surrogate variables for myopia.
RESULTS
Data from 6 population-based and 3 clinic-based studies were included in the analyses. Myopic SE (compared with emmetropic eyes) and each millimeter increase in AL were associated with a decreased risk for DR (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.80 and 0.79, respectively; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.95 and 0.73-0.86, respectively; P=0.011 and 0.000, respectively). Each millimeter increase in AL was also associated with a decreased risk for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) (pooled OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.60-0.82; P=0.000). No significant association between each diopter decrease in SE and DR was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis suggests that individuals with myopia exhibit a decreased risk of developing DR or VTDR. An increased AL plays a critical role in this protective effect.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Myopia; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 26531140
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.020 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2022To assess the association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To assess the association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus.
METHODS
PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for literature on the association between diabetes and keratoconus. The last literature search was conducted on April 4, 2021. A secondary form of the literature search was conducted by manually scanning the reference list of retrieved eligible articles. Included studies were cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional study design that used odds ratio or risk ratio to evaluate the relationship between keratoconus and diabetes. Egger's test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
Nine studies (six case-control and three cohort studies) published between 2000 and 2021 were included. The total number of keratoconus patients and controls were 27,311 and 53,732. respectively. Meta-analysis revealed no significant association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus; the pooled odds ratio was 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-1.14; = 0.314). There was significant heterogeneity ( (df = 7) = 33.36, < 0.001; = 79.01, < 0.001). Age of participants ( < 0.0001), study design ( < 0.001), and sample size ( = 0.024) were significant sources of heterogeneity. There was no evidence of publication bias.
CONCLUSION
The current meta-analysis revealed no significant association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus. Well-designed longitudinal prospective studies are, however, needed to investigate any association between diabetes mellitus and keratoconus.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Keratoconus; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34761685
DOI: 10.1177/11206721211053167