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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function and the role of thyroid hormones alterations in predicting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on thyroid function and the role of thyroid hormones alterations in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Online databases, including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched up to August 2, 2022. After screening titles, abstracts, and full manuscripts, respectively, 30 reports were enrolled. The risk of bias (ROB) was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. In addition, odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) analysis for assessing the OR of abnormal thyroid function tests (TFT) in predicting the COVID-19 severity and poor outcomes. Among 30 enrolled studies, ROB of the current study is estimated low to moderate. The average number of patients in each study was 325 (range: 40-3,703), with an overall mean age of 57.6, and the female proportion of 40.4%. Overall, the pooled analysis showed that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 9,707 COVID-19 cases was 15%. Among mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, 6.2% had abnormal TFT, and among patients who experienced severe to critical COVID-19, 20.8% had abnormal TFT. The pooled OR for abnormal TFT and the severity of COVID-19 obtained from 3,865 COVID-19 patients was 3.77 (2.03, 6.99). The pooled HR of TSH level of COVID-19 mortality was 1.57 (0.91, 2.72). Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19, and that among patients severe cases had a 3.77-fold higher risk of abnormal TFT compared to mild to moderate COVID-19. Further studies are required to evaluate the longer-term prognostic role of thyroid dysfunction in severe COVID-19, and investigate potential therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; COVID-19; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36387848
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.947594 -
Food & Function Aug 2023: Studies investigating the effects of dietary intake on serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: Studies investigating the effects of dietary intake on serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the associations between various dietary patterns and SUA levels as well as hyperuricemia. : We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for relevant articles examining the association between dietary intake and SUA levels and/or hyperuricemia published until March 2023. Dietary intake patterns were classified into plant-based, animal-based, and mixed dietary patterns based on predominant foods. The pooled effect sizes of eligible studies and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. : We included 41 studies, comprising 359 317 participants, that investigated the effects of dietary patterns on SUA levels ( = 25) and hyperuricemia ( = 19). Our findings suggested that a plant-based dietary pattern was associated with decreased SUA levels in both interventional (standard mean difference: -0.24 mg dL, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.06; = 61.4%) and observational studies (odds ratio (OR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.95, = 91.1%); this association was stronger in men (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.58; = 0). We observed that plant- and animal-based dietary patterns were associated with a reduced risk (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.83, = 93.3%) and an increased risk (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.59, = 88.4%) of hyperuricemia, respectively. : Collectively, a plant-based dietary pattern is negatively associated with SUA levels and hyperuricemia. Therefore, a plant-based dietary pattern should be recommended for the management of SUA levels and the prevention of hyperuricemia.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Hyperuricemia; Uric Acid; Databases, Factual; Food; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 37599588
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02004e -
Cornea Nov 2022Although previous studies have assessed the relationship between diabetes and keratoconus, the findings were controversial and warranted further clarifications. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Although previous studies have assessed the relationship between diabetes and keratoconus, the findings were controversial and warranted further clarifications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and keratoconus by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify eligible studies reporting the association of diabetes with keratoconus from their inception to April 2021 through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
In all, 8 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies reporting the association between diabetes and keratoconus were included in the meta-analysis. Diabetes was not associated with keratoconus in the overall analysis (combined OR = 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.66-1.10). The associations were found to be nonsignificant in subgroup analysis when stratified by study quality, design, source, types, and population. No publication bias was detected from either the Egger test (P = 0.46) or Begg test (P = 0.16). Sensitivity analysis revealed that differences between groups were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis indicates that current literature does not support a significant association between diabetes and keratoconus. Further studies with more definite control for confounders and well-designed cohorts or interventions are warranted.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Keratoconus; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36219212
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000002876 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Jan 2015Infant colic is a common and distressing disorder of early infancy. Its etiology is unknown, making treatment challenging. Several articles have suggested a link to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Infant colic is a common and distressing disorder of early infancy. Its etiology is unknown, making treatment challenging. Several articles have suggested a link to migraine.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review and, if appropriate, a meta-analysis of the studies on the relationship between infant colic and migraine.
DATA SOURCES
Studies were identified by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect and by hand-searching references and conference proceedings.
STUDY SELECTION
For the primary analysis, studies specifically designed to measure the association between colic and migraine were included. For the secondary analysis, studies that collected data on colic and migraine but were designed for another primary research question were also included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted from the original studies, through communication with study authors, or both. Two authors independently abstracted data.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The main outcome measure was the association between infant colic and migraine using both a fixed-effects model and a more conservative random-effects model.
RESULTS
Three studies were included in the primary analysis; the odds ratio for the association between migraine and infant colic was 6.5 (4.6-8.9, p < 0.001) for the fixed-effects model and 5.6 (3.3-9.5, p = 0.004) for the random-effects model. In a sensitivity analysis wherein the study with the largest effect size was removed, the odds ratio was 3.6 (95% CI 1.7-7.6, p = 0.001) for both the fixed-effects model and random-effects model.
CONCLUSIONS
In this meta-analysis, infant colic was associated with increased odds of migraine. If infant colic is a migrainous disorder, this would have important implications for treatment. The main limitation of this meta-analysis was the relatively small number of studies included.
Topics: Adult; Colic; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Migraine Disorders; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 24853164
DOI: 10.1177/0333102414534326 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Feb 2018Management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) consists of cessation of enteral feeding, intravenous antibiotic administration, and supportive treatment. There is no... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) consists of cessation of enteral feeding, intravenous antibiotic administration, and supportive treatment. There is no evidence-based recommendation regarding when to restart feeding after a NEC episode. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of timing of enteral feeding reinitiation on NEC recurrence.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched. Human studies evaluating enteral feeding timing with a primary outcome of NEC recurrence were included. A total of 2,257 titles or abstracts were screened, and 47 full-text articles were analyzed. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing NEC recurrence and other associated outcomes between early (<5 days after NEC diagnosis) and delayed (>5 days) initiation of enteral feeding after NEC were performed according to the PRISMA statement. The meta-analysis data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Two retrospective observational studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 56 cases in which enteral feeding was started early and 35 cases of delayed enteral feeding initiation. There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The recurrence rates of NEC were unchanged between early (5.4%) and delayed (8.6%) enteral feeding groups (pooled OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.12-3.16; = 0.56; = 0%). Catheter-related sepsis (pooled OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01-3.29; = 0.26; = 67%) and post-NEC stricture (pooled OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.07-1.18; = 0.08; = 23%) rates were not different between early and delayed enteral feeding groups.
CONCLUSION
Initiating early enteral feeding, within 5 days of NEC diagnosis, is not associated with adverse outcomes, including NEC recurrence. In addition, catheter-related sepsis and post-NEC stricture rates were unchanged between early and delayed enteral feeding groups after NEC. However, the quality of the evidence from the review of literature is suboptimal. A further RCT is needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Enteral Nutrition; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Odds Ratio; Recurrence; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28837997
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604436 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2021We examined the association between self-reported sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data were collected from 36 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We examined the association between self-reported sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data were collected from 36 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies with a total of 164,799 MetS subjects and 430,895 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent MetS and risk ratios (RRs) for incident MetS were calculated through meta-analyses of adjusted data from individual studies. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05-1.18) and incident MetS (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.07-1.53) in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. Furthermore, long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS in cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.23), but not incident MetS (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.95-1.41) in longitudinal studies. Interestingly, the association between long sleep and prevalent MetS was found in sleep duration defined by 24-h sleep (including naps) rather than nighttime sleep. Our findings suggest 1) a "U-shape" relationship between sleep duration and MetS in cross-sectional studies and 2) association between short sleep duration, but not long sleep duration with incident MetS. Future studies should shed light on the underlying mechanisms related to the association between sleep duration and MetS and examine if normalizing sleep duration reduces MetS risk in the general population.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Sleep; Time Factors
PubMed: 33618187
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101451 -
BMC Ophthalmology Feb 2018Epidemiological studies suggest that antidepressants use may increase the risk of cataract, but the results are inconclusive. We aimed to examine this association by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies suggest that antidepressants use may increase the risk of cataract, but the results are inconclusive. We aimed to examine this association by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases through June 2017. We included studies that reported risk estimates for the association between antidepressants use and cataract risk. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
We identified seven studies of antidepressants use and risk of cataract involving 447,672 cases and 1,510,391 controls. Overall, the combined ORs (95% CIs) of cataract for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were 1.12 (1.06-1.19), 1.13 (1.04-1.24), and 1.19 (1.11-1.28), respectively. A certain degree of heterogeneity was observed across studies (P < 0.001, I = 92.2% for SSRIs, P = 0.026, I = 67.5% for SNRIs, and P = 0.092, I = 58.0% for TCAs).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis provides evidence of a significant positive association between antidepressants use and risk of cataract. Because of the heterogeneity and limited eligible studies, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the preliminary findings of our study.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cataract; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29409486
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0699-0 -
Journal of Dentistry Aug 2022Poor oral health status may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, whether a specific association exists between tooth loss and hypertension is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Poor oral health status may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, whether a specific association exists between tooth loss and hypertension is inconclusive. Accordingly, a quantitative systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and hypertension.
METHODS
Systematic search, data analysis and quality assessment were conducted on relevant literature published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Libraries until October 2021. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as effect size to evaluate the association between tooth loss and hypertension. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify whether difference was associated with study-level factors.
RESULTS
Of the 56 studies selected, 28 studies in 16 different countries involving 1,224,821 individuals were eligible for the systematic review. After adjustment for confounding factors, individuals with tooth loss had a higher risk for hypertension (OR 1.20; 95%CI 1.10-1.30, I = 40.02%). With respect to the risk of hypertension on tooth loss, individuals with hypertension still had a higher risk for tooth loss (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.07-1.62, I = 51.10%). Age limitation of the included population is the major source of heterogeneity. However, studies in which the population was limited to the elderly did not report an increase in association between tooth loss and hypertension compared with studies without age limitation.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest a bidirectional association between tooth loss and hypertension. Future longitudinal prospective studies are required to establish causality between tooth loss and hypertension.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Subjects with severe tooth loss should be carefully monitored for the manifestation of hypertension. The oral health status of hypertensive patients should also be meticulous maintained to prevent unwarranted tooth loss.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 35661800
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104178 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Jun 2022After decades of investigation, the role of near work in myopia remains unresolved, with some studies reporting no relationship and others finding the opposite. This... (Review)
Review
After decades of investigation, the role of near work in myopia remains unresolved, with some studies reporting no relationship and others finding the opposite. This systematic review is intended to summarize classic and recent literature investigating near work and the onset and progression of myopia, potential mechanisms and pertinent clinical recommendations. The impact of electronic device use is considered. PubMed and Medline were used to find peer-reviewed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies related to near work and myopia from 1980 to July 2020 using the PRISMA checklist. Studies were chosen using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, with a focus on studies with a sample size greater than 50. Studies were independently evaluated; conclusions were drawn per these evaluations. Numerous cross-sectional studies found increased odds ratio of myopia with increased near work. While early longitudinal studies failed to find this relationship, more recent longitudinal studies have found a relationship between myopia and near work. Rather than daily duration of near work, interest has increased regarding absolute working distance and duration of continuous near viewing. Several reports have found that shorter working distances (<30 cm) and continuous near-work activity (>30 min) are risk factors for myopia onset and progression. Novel objective continuously measuring rangefinding devices have been developed to better address these questions. The literature is conflicting, likely due to the subjective and variable nature in which near work has been quantified and a paucity of longitudinal studies. We conclude that more precise objective measures of near viewing behaviour are necessary to make definitive conclusions regarding the relationship between myopia and near work. Focus should shift to utilizing objective and continuously measuring instruments to quantify near-work behaviours in children, followed longitudinally, to understand the complex factors related to near work. A better understanding of the roles of absolute working distance, temporal properties, viewing breaks and electronic device use on myopia development and progression will aid in the development of evidence-based clinical recommendations for behavioural modifications to prevent and slow myopia.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Myopia; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34622560
DOI: 10.1111/aos.15043 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2014Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have been shown to increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, have been shown to increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk but the data on psoriasis is unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that reported odds ratio, relative risk, hazard ratio or standardized incidence ratio comparing VTE risk in patients with psoriasis vs. non-psoriasis participants. Pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effect, generic inverse variance method.
RESULT
Four studies were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled risk ratio of VTE in patients with psoriasis was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.29-1.66). The statistical heterogeneity of this meta-analysis was high with an I(2) of 86%.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated a statistically significant increased VTE risk among patients with psoriasis.
Topics: Data Collection; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 24713224
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu073