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BMJ Open Mar 2023To determine the incidence of pneumoconiosis worldwide and its influencing factors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To determine the incidence of pneumoconiosis worldwide and its influencing factors.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
Cohort studies on occupational pneumoconiosis.
PARTICIPANTS
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched until November 2021. Studies were selected for meta-analysis if they involved at least one variable investigated as an influencing factor for the incidence of pneumoconiosis and reported either the parameters and 95% CIs of the risk fit to the data, or sufficient information to allow for the calculation of those values.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES
The pooled incidence of pneumoconiosis and risk ratio (RR) and 95% CIs of influencing factors.
RESULTS
Our meta-analysis included 19 studies with a total of 335 424 participants, of whom 29 972 developed pneumoconiosis. The pooled incidence of pneumoconiosis was 0.093 (95% CI 0.085 to 0.135). We identified the following influencing factors: (1) male (RR 3.74; 95% CI 1.31 to 10.64; p=0.01), (2) smoking (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.34 to 2.43; p=0.0001), (3) tunnelling category (RR 4.75; 95% CI 1.96 to 11.53; p<0.0001), (4) helping category (RR 0.07; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.16; p<0.0001), (5) age (the highest incidence occurs between the ages of 50 and 60), (6) duration of dust exposure (RR 4.59, 95% CI 2.41 to 8.74, p<0.01) and (7) cumulative total dust exposure (CTD) (RR 34.14, 95% CI 17.50 to 66.63, p<0.01). A dose-response analysis revealed a significant positive linear dose-response association between the risk of pneumoconiosis and duration of exposure and CTD (P-non-linearity=0.10, P-non-linearity=0.16; respectively). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that silicosis incidence was highly correlated with cumulative silica exposure (r=0.794, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of pneumoconiosis in occupational workers was 0.093 and seven factors were found to be associated with the incidence, providing some insight into the prevention of pneumoconiosis.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022323233.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Incidence; Pneumoconiosis; Dust; Odds Ratio; PubMed
PubMed: 36858466
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065114 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Apr 2021Is there an association between hereditary thrombophilia in pregnant women and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY QUESTION
Is there an association between hereditary thrombophilia in pregnant women and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia have an increased risk of RPL, especially for pregnant women with the G1691A mutation of the factor V Leiden (FVL) gene, the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene (PGM), and deficiency of protein S (PS).
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Prior studies have suggested that pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia have a higher risk of RPL, however, the results are inconsistent; furthermore, a complete overview is missing. This lack of information is an obstacle to the risk assessment of RPL in pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia. A comprehensive meta-analysis on the relation between hereditary thrombophilia and the risk of RPL is needed.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using observational studies published in English before 1 April 2020 to evaluate the relation between hereditary thrombophilia and risk of RPL.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE searches and complemented with perusal of bibliographies of retrieved articles. The exposure of interest was hereditary thrombophilia, including FVL mutation, PGM, deficiency of antithrombin (AT), deficiency of protein C (PC), and deficiency of PS. The overall risk estimates were pooled using random effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out to explore possible sources of heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the results.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
A total of 89 studies involving 30 254 individuals were included. Results showed that women with FVL mutation (odds ratio (OR): 2.44, 95% CI: 1.96-3.03), PGM (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.61-2.68), or deficiency of PS (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.15-10.35) had higher risks of developing RPL. Compared with the reference group, there was no observed relation between a deficiency in AT or PC and RPL (all P > 0.05). Heterogeneity in the risk estimates of RPL was partially explained by geographic region, definitions of RPL, types of RPL, and controlled confounders. Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the findings.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Only 39 of the included studies controlled for one or more confounders, and the heterogeneity across all included studies was high. Based on the data available, we cannot determine whether this association is confounded by other potential risk factors of RPL.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
This systematic review and meta-analysis show a possible association between hereditary thrombophilia and an increased risk of RPL, suggesting that testing for hereditary thrombophilia should be considered in individuals with RPL.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study was funded by the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant number: 2018SK2062) and National Natural Science Foundation Program (Grant number: 81973137). There are no conflicts of interest.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Female; Humans; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Thrombophilia
PubMed: 33575779
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab010 -
Thrombosis Research Nov 2015To investigate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that reported odds ratio, relative risk, hazard ratio or standardized incidence ratio comparing the risk of VTE in patients with AIHA versus participants without AIHA. Pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.
RESULTS
Out of 592 potentially relevant articles, four studies (three cohort studies and one cross-sectional study) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the data analysis. The pooled risk ratio of VTE in patients with AIHA was 2.63 (95% CI, 1.37-5.05). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was high with an I(2) of 97%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated a significantly increased risk of VTE among patients with AIHA.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Humans; Incidence; Odds Ratio; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 26359320
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.09.004 -
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings May 2017Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with immune dysfunction and linked to the epidemic of atopic diseases in the Western hemisphere, yet there are studies with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with immune dysfunction and linked to the epidemic of atopic diseases in the Western hemisphere, yet there are studies with conflicting results, and the risk has not been quantified uniformly across studies.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and quantify if vitamin D deficiency is associated with the presence and persistence of food allergy.
METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken to assess for the association between food allergy and vitamin D status in children.
RESULTS
A total of 368 citations relevant to this systematic review were identified. In the whole review, 5105 children were included. We did not find a significant association between 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) status and risk of food allergy in children (odds ratio [OR] 1.35 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.79-2.29]; p = 0.27, I2 = 58.3%). We conducted subgroup analyses based on different cutoffs of the 25(OH)D status (20 versus 30 ng/mL). Only one study used 30 ng/mL and found that children with <30 ng/mL were more likely to report food allergy than children with a 25(OH)D status of ≥30 ng/mL (OR 2.04 [95% CI, 1.02-4.04]; p = 0.04). Four studies compared children with a 25(OH)D status of <20 ng/mL to children with a 25(OH)D status of ≥20 ng/mL and found no significant differences (OR 1.18 [95% CI, 0.62-2.27]; p = 0.62, I2 = 62.7%).
CONCLUSION
Based on the studies analyzed, this systematic review did not identify a significant association between vitamin D status and food allergy. Interpretation of the included studies was limited by a lack of a standard definition for vitamin D deficiency and insufficient knowledge regarding the optimal vitamin D status needed to impact immune function. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess if vitamin D might contribute to the development of food allergy.
Topics: Child; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Odds Ratio; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 28441981
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4043 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Multiple evidence indicates that perinatal factors make impact on immune development and affect offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) risk. In this systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Multiple evidence indicates that perinatal factors make impact on immune development and affect offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) risk. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined available published studies to clarify the relationship between cesarean section (C-section) and offspring AR in children. To explore the relationship between C-section, especially the special attention was paid to different cesarean delivery mode, and the risk of AR in children. Articles were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China knowledge Network, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal databases. A meta-analysis of 22 studies published before August 1, 2022, which included 1,464,868 participants, was conducted for statistical analysis with RevMan5.4. The correlation strength between C-section and offspring AR was determined by combining odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was detected using the funnel chart and Egger tests. Meta-analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between C-section and children AR (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27, P < 0.001), especially C-section with a family history of allergy (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36-2.43, P < 0.001). Moreover, elective C-section (without genital tract microbe exposure) had the higher risk of offspring AR (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, P = 0.010) compared with the whole study. Meta-regression demonstrated that sample size explained 38.0% of the variability between studies, and year of publication explained 18.8%. Delivery by C-section, particularly elective C-section and C-section with a family history of allergy can increase the risk of AR in children.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Odds Ratio; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37884557
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44932-8 -
The Australian and New Zealand Journal... Jul 2022Evidence indicates that mood disorders often co-occur with substance-related disorders. However, pooling comorbidity estimates can be challenging due to heterogeneity in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Evidence indicates that mood disorders often co-occur with substance-related disorders. However, pooling comorbidity estimates can be challenging due to heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and in the overall study design. The aim of this study was to systematically review and, where appropriate, meta-analyse estimates related to the pairwise comorbidity between mood disorders and substance-related disorders, after sorting these estimates by various study designs.
METHODS
We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science for publications between 1980 and 2017 regardless of geographical location and language. We meta-analysed estimates from original articles in 4 broadly defined mood and 35 substance-related disorders.
RESULTS
After multiple eligibility steps, we included 120 studies for quantitative analysis. In general, regardless of variations in diagnosis type, temporal order or use of adjustments, there was substantial comorbidity between mood and substance-related disorders. We found a sixfold elevated risk between broadly defined mood disorder and drug dependence (odds ratio = 5.7) and fivefold risk between depression and cannabis dependence (odds ratio = 4.9) while the highest pooled estimate, based on period prevalence risk, was found between broadly defined dysthymic disorder and drug dependence (odds ratio = 11.3). Based on 56 separate meta-analyses, all pooled odds ratios were above 1, and 46 were significantly greater than 1 (i.e. the 95% confidence intervals did not include 1).
CONCLUSION
This review found robust and consistent evidence of an increased risk of comorbidity between many combinations of mood and substance-related disorders. We also identified a number of under-researched mood and substance-related disorders, suitable for future scrutiny. This review reinforces the need for clinicians to remain vigilant in order to promptly identify and treat these common types of comorbidity.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Mood Disorders; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34708662
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211054740 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Jun 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tract formation and scarring. The relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tract formation and scarring. The relationship between HS and strokes is not well established. To assess this potential association, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic searches were performed from six online databases. All eligible case-control studies comparing patients with HS versus non-HS were included. All studies must have included either the proportion of patients with strokes (identified ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) in each group, or the summary effect size for association between HS and strokes. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size.
RESULTS
Through our search, we identified six case-control studies for inclusion. From pooled data, we found a significantly higher proportion of strokes in HS cases compared with controls (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.45-2.09; < .00001). Limitations included those studies reviewed were observational by design which are susceptible to bias and lack of randomization.
CONCLUSION
Our pooled findings demonstrate that the odds of stroke are increased in patients with HS when compared with controls. Dermatologists and other clinicians should be vigilant cerebrovascular risk assessment and risk mitigation in patients with HS.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Inflammation; Odds Ratio; Stroke
PubMed: 34289795
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1959502 -
Eye & Contact Lens Sep 2023To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of orthokeratology for slowing myopia progression in children. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of orthokeratology for slowing myopia progression in children.
METHODS
We performed a specific search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, CNKI, SinoMed, and Wanfang Data for RCTs conducted up to October 1, 2022. We pooled the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the orthokeratology and control groups for axial length (AL) elongation and the odds ratio (OR) for rates of adverse events and dropout.
RESULTS
Seven RCTs involving 655 eyes were included. There were significant differences in the effects of orthokeratology versus control in slowing AL elongation with WMD of -0.11 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), -0.13 to -0.08; P <0.01) at 6 months, -0.16 mm (95% CI, -0.18 to -0.13; P <0.01) at 12 months, -0.23 mm (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.18; P <0.01) at 18 months, and -0.28 mm (95% CI, -0.38 to -0.19; P <0.01) at 24 months, respectively. Myopia control rate declined, with 64%, 53%, 50%, and 47% recorded for 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. There was no statistical significance for adverse events between orthokeratology and control groups (OR=2.63, 95% CI, 0.72-9.61; P =0.11).
CONCLUSION
Orthokeratology can effectively slow myopia progression in children, and the efficacy of myopia control decreases with time.
Topics: Child; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Myopia; Axial Length, Eye; Odds Ratio; Orthokeratologic Procedures; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 37284749
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001006 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Several studies have demonstrated association between coffee consumption and periodontal diseases. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Several studies have demonstrated association between coffee consumption and periodontal diseases. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between coffee intake and periodontitis.
METHODS
We defined PICO statement as "Do coffee drinkers have a higher association of periodontitis or tooth loss than non-coffee drinkers?". We searched for articles using the Embase and Medline databases. The odds ratio was used as an effect measure to evaluate the association between coffee and periodontitis We divided coffee intake doses into three groups: no intake (≤ 0.03 cups/day), low intake (0.03 < x < 1 cups/day), and high intake (≥ 1 cup/day). Cohort and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias. The degree of heterogeneity between studies was quantified using I statistics.
RESULTS
Six articles were analysed, including two cohort studies and four cross-sectional studies. The pooled unadjusted odds ratios of periodontitis were 1.14 (0.93-1.39), 1.05 (0.73-1.52), 1.03 (0.91-1.16) and 1.10 (0.84-1.45) in the 4 meta-analyses (coffee drinker vs. non-coffee drinker, high intake vs. low intake, low intake vs. no intake, high intake vs. no intake), respectively.
CONCLUSION
This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis. There was no relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis. Further studies are required to assess whether a relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis exists or not. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022301341.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Odds Ratio; Periodontitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35790921
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02310-2 -
Journal of Neurology Oct 2020Season of birth is considered to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) although some findings opposing to this assumption raise doubts about the seasonality pattern... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Season of birth is considered to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) although some findings opposing to this assumption raise doubts about the seasonality pattern in MS births. The present work synthesizes the evidence of previous published studies aiming at examining whether the month of birth is associated with a higher number of MS births. Pubmed and Scopus were systematically searched and a multivariate meta-analysis of case-control studies was conducted. Data of healthy controls births were retrieved from census reports when not included in the studies. For comparisons, October was set as a reference month and autumn (September-October-November) as a reference season. The meta-analysis included studies that provided the number of MS births for each month or season. Twenty-two eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis involving twenty-four different populations and overall 145,672 MS patients and 75,169,550 healthy controls. The multivariate analysis supports that MS births in spring are higher compared to autumn [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.24]. Univariate analyses confirm the same for April (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05, 1.21), March (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00, 1.11) and May (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00, 1.14). A reduction of MS births was found in November (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99). The month and the season of birth are significantly associated with MS births.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Seasons
PubMed: 31055633
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09346-5