-
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2022Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients receiving systemic antineoplastics. However, the underlying biological mechanisms leading to...
BACKGROUND
Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients receiving systemic antineoplastics. However, the underlying biological mechanisms leading to this condition are still unclear. For this reason, it has been hypothesised that systemic antineoplastics may cause an imbalance on the oral microbiota that subsequently triggers oral mucosa damage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol and the PICO question established was: patients diagnosed with cancer, who are candidates for receiving systemic antineoplastics (P=Patients), that undergo oral microbiome determinations (I=Intervention), before and after systemic antineoplastics administration (C=Comparison), to analyse changes in the oral microbiome composition (O=Outcome). The bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and other scientific repositories.
RESULTS
Out of 166 obtained articles, only 5 met eligibility criteria. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was the most frequent type of cancer (40 %) among the participants. Only one of the studies included a control group of healthy subjects. Heterogeneity in the protocols and approaches of the included studies hindered a detailed comparison of the outcomes. However, it was stated that a decrease in bacteria α diversity is often associated with oral mucositis. On the other hand, fungal diversity was not associated with oral mucositis although α diversity was lower at baseline on patients developing oral candidiasis.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient scientific evidence of oral microbiological changes in patients undergoing systemic antineoplastics. Further investigations ought to be carried out to identify microorganisms that might play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral mucosa damage in patients undergoing systemic antineoplastics.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Stomatitis
PubMed: 35368011
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25121 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity... (Review)
Review
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity and irregularities in its course. The etiology and pathogenesis are not well established, so it is difficult to establish an early diagnosis and an effective treatment plan. The objective of this systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of the studies referring to the oral manifestations of CD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guide. Research was conducted in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and Cocrahne Library databases on 23 February 2023, and updated on 1 September 2023. Articles published between 2012 and 2023 were selected. Articles that analyzed the oral manifestation of CD patients and met the established search terms. In addition, the quality of all the selected studies was analyzed following the CARE guidelines for case reports and the STROBE scale for observational studies. A total of 19 articles were included in this review that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the oral manifestation of CD, oral ulcers, angular cheilitis, and gingivitis stand out. Periodontitis and vegetative pyostomatitis were the least representative manifestations. The most prevalent locations were lips, mucosa, and gingivae. Ulcers, gingivitis, and angular cheilitis are the most frequent oral manifestations in patients with CD. Their early identification and possible relationship with the disease are important for an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment plan.
PubMed: 37892587
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206450 -
Cureus Jan 2023The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the evidence of the association of ACE 2 expression in oral tissues, salivary glands, and head and neck carcinoma. We searched Pub Med/Medline, Biorxiv, and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature. Studies reporting ACE 2 expression in human oral tissues and with a focus on head and neck carcinoma samples were included. From 110 studies, we extracted 15 studies analyzing the distribution and expression of ACE 2 in different head and neck tissues - olfactory mucosa and nasopharynx n=5, oral mucosa n=5, salivary gland n=5, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients n=3. ACE 2 was found to be expressed at a 4.43-fold increase in the head and neck region (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 3.76-5.22; I= 97%, P=<0.00001) when compared with controls (other tissues except for head and neck region). RNA expression of ACE 2 was 60% higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients than that in the normal tissues (OR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.04-9.26, P=0.00001). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the studies indicated that ACE 2 is highly expressed in olfactory mucosa, nasopharynx, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Furthermore, the results indicate that ACE 2 expression is increased in patients with head and neck cancer.
PubMed: 36819393
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33673 -
Cureus Nov 2023One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral... (Review)
Review
One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral submucous fibrosis. One such condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is characterized by severe trismus, disability, and a higher risk of cancer. The mouth opening gradually decreases, which is related to difficulty eating, altered gustatory sensation, and mouth dryness, leading to decreased oral intake. The main and beginning signs include decreased mouth opening, pain, difficulty eating, dry mouth, and blanching of the buccal mucosa. This is treated first with medication, then with exercises for the mouth that a physiotherapist has recommended. However, the function of a physical therapist is not clearly defined. Physiotherapy may be used with other therapies to treat oral submucous fibrosis. Mouth-opening exercises, ultrasound, and other therapeutic interventions are available. This article tries to describe the kind of physical therapy that can be recommended for treating oral submucous fibrosis. It is crucial to understand pain management, physiotherapy management for grade III and IV oral submucous fibrosis various additional exercises, modalities and their ideal dose, and strategy for the long-term effect of the treatments to conduct further research.
PubMed: 38046698
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48155 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Systematic scleroderma is a rare chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial pathognomonic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Systematic scleroderma is a rare chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial pathognomonic conditions in patients with systemic scleroderma using only randomised prospective studies that investigated the treatment of oral and maxillofacial changes, highlighted associations between the disease and Sjogren's syndrome, and/or analysed the effect of oral hygiene.
METHODS
The literature was systematically reviewed based on Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science articles published up to March 2020. The primary endpoint of this analysis was defined as an estimation of the prevalence of oral mucosal changes in different areas of the oral cavity (oral mucosa, tongue, lip, periodontal status, bones, and other regions) in patients suffering from scleroderma. Therefore, a systematic literature search (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted and limited by the publication date (1950-03/2020) and the publication language (English). Extracted frequencies were pooled using methods for meta-analysis. In order to obtain the highest level of evidence, only prospective study reports were considered to be eligible.
RESULTS
After full-text screening, 14 (766 patients) out of 193 publications were eligible for the final analysis. Twelve studies produced reliable results in the final data sets. Calculation of the pooled effect estimate (random effects model) revealed a prevalence of 57.6% (95% CI: 40.8-72.9%) for the main area "lip". For the area "oral mucosa", a prevalence of 35.5% (95% CI: 15.7-62.0%) was calculated. The prevalence for "other regions" was only based on studies with salivary changes and was calculated to be 25.4% (95% CI: 14.2-41.3%).
CONCLUSION
The most pathognomonic conditions in the orofacial region in patients with systemic scleroderma affect the lips, oral mucosa, and salivary glands.
Topics: Humans; Lip; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Scleroderma, Systemic; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 34069099
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105238 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Aug 2022Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma. This critical systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the malignant development rate of oral erythroplakia and identify the associated risk factors.
METHODS
We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS, with keywords "erythroplakia," "erythroplasia," "malignant transformation," "malignant development," "malignization," "carcinogenesis," "oral cancer," "oral squamous cell carcinoma," "mouth neoplasm," and "prognosis." Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Ten observational studies with 441 patients met the inclusion criteria, whose mean malignant development rate was 12.7% and with a mean follow-up period of patients of 6.66 years. In the initial biopsy, 42.8% of oral erythroplakia were already squamous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of oral erythroplakia, but the floor of the mouth was the most common site of malignant development. All patients who underwent malignant development showed epithelial dysplasia on the initial diagnostic biopsy.
CONCLUSION
Overall malignant development rate of OE in the meta-analysis was 19.9%. We could not associate any specific clinicopathological feature with the malignant development. The presence of epithelial dysplasia in the initial biopsy remains the worst prognostic factor. Further observational studies on OE are needed, with well-established diagnostic criteria and good clinical follow-up, in order to identify the true risk of malignant development of oral erythroplakia and the related risk factors.
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Ulcer; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35488780
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13304 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Feb 2022The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of available data regarding case reports and case series of oral and maxillofacial benign fibrous... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of available data regarding case reports and case series of oral and maxillofacial benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH).
STUDY DESIGN
A search strategy was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE electronic databases.
RESULTS
Male individuals (56.89%) were more affected, with a mean age of 34.55 ± 20 years. The buccal mucosa (20.33%) represented the most common site, with the clinical presentation of a painless (86.95%) nodule (98.03%). The clinical hypothesis of a fibroma was reported in most cases (31.57%). Radiographic presentation of intraosseous lesions showed multilocular radiolucent images (55.55%). Regarding the histopathologic features, the biphasic population of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells was seen in 21 cases (39.62%), and a spindle-shaped fibroblastic cell population organized into a storiform pattern was observed in 25 cases (47.16%). CD68 (n = 26) and vimentin (n = 25) showed immunoreactivity in all BFH cases in which they were used. All cases were treated with a surgical resection, and 8.10% recurred.
CONCLUSIONS
The current systematic review demonstrated that BFH represents a rare lesion that mainly affects the buccal mucosa of male individuals, and the treatment is mainly surgical with a good prognosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Head; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Young Adult
PubMed: 34511357
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative joint disease (DJD). There have been several different methods of treatment of TMJ OA listed, including pharmacotherapy among others. Due to its anti-aging, antioxidative, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulating, pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic properties, oral glucosamine seems to be a potentially very effective agent in the treatment of TMJ OA. The aim of this review was to critically assess the efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. PubMed and Scopus databases were analyzed with the keywords: (temporomandibular joints) AND ((disorders) OR (osteoarthritis)) AND (treatment) AND (glucosamine). After the screening of 50 results, eight studies have been included in this review. Oral glucosamine is one of the symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis. There is not enough scientific evidence to unambiguously confirm the clinical effectiveness of glucosamine supplements in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. The most important aspect affecting the clinical efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA was the total administration time. Administration of oral glucosamine for a longer period of time, i.e., 3 months, led to a significant reduction in TMJ pain and a significant increase in maximum mouth opening. It also resulted in long-term anti-inflammatory effects within the TMJs. Further long-term, randomized, double-blind studies, with a unified methodology, ought to be performed to draw the general recommendations for the use of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA.
Topics: Humans; Glucosamine; Osteoarthritis; Temporomandibular Joint; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Facial Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36902359
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054925 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2017Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without a history of use of a maxillary prosthesis use.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to review the literature to assess the prevalence of denture stomatitis and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and the etiological factors associated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was carried out in PubMed (January 2005 to October 2015) with the key words "inflammatory papillary hyperplasia", "denture stomatitis", "granular stomatitis" and "Newton's type III" The inclusion criteria were studies including at least a sample of 50 apparently healthy patients, articles published from 2005 to 2015 written in English. The exclusion criteria were reviews and non-human studies.
RESULTS
Out of the 190 studies obtained initially from the search 16 articles were selected to be included in our systematic review. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 29.56% and 4.44% for IPH. We found 5 cases of denture stomatitis among non-denture-wearer individuals. All IPH cases were associated with the use of prosthesis. Smoking and continued use of ill-fitting dentures turned out to be the most frequent risk factors for developing IPH.
CONCLUSIONS
IPH is a rare oral lesion and its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Its presentation among non-denture-wearers is extremely unusual.
Topics: Humans; Hyperplasia; Mouth Mucosa; Palate; Prevalence; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Denture
PubMed: 27918740
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21405 -
Oral Oncology Mar 2024The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) in...
The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) in Fanconi anemia (FA) individuals. Electronic searches were undertaken in five databases supplemented by manual scrutiny and gray literature. Case reports and/or cases series were included. The searches yielded 55 studies describing 112 cases of OSCC (n = 107) and/or OPMD (n = 5) in FA individuals. The mean age at diagnosis of OSCC/OPMD was 27.1 (±9.6) years, and females (51.8 %) were slightly more affected. Ulcer (n = 37) or mass (n = 25) were described as clinical presentations for OSCC and OPMD. White lesions (n = 4) were the most common manifestation in OPMD. Tongue (47.2 %) was the most frequent location. Sixty-one (54.5 %) individuals underwent HSCT. Surgical resection (n = 75) was the main treatment adopted. The estimated rate of OPMD malignant transformation was 1.8 % and recurrences following OSCC excision occurred in 26.8 % of individuals. Overall, at 60 months of follow-up, the probability of survival fell to 25.5 % and at 64 months the probability of recurrence increased to 63.2 %. The present data support the need for strict surveillance of patients with FA, even in the absence of OPMD, for early OSCC detection and reduction of mortality.
Topics: Female; Humans; Fanconi Anemia; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 38309198
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106699