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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2019The epidemiology of mucormycosis in the era of modern diagnostics is relatively under-explored. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The epidemiology of mucormycosis in the era of modern diagnostics is relatively under-explored.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the contemporary epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and causative pathogens of mucormycosis.
DATA SOURCES
Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE from January 2000 to January 2017.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Published case reports/series of proven/probable mucormycosis.
PARTICIPANTS
Patients ≥18 years old.
METHODS
Patient characteristics, disease manifestations and causative pathogens were summarized descriptively. Categorical variables were assessed by chi-square test or Fischer's exact test, and continuous variables by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. Risk factors for the different clinical manifestations of mucormycosis were identified using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Initial database searches identified 3619 articles of which 600 (851 individual patient cases) were included in the final analysis. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest underlying condition (340/851, 40%) and was an independent risk for rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (odds ratio (OR) 2.49; 95% CI 1.77-3.54; p < 0.001). Underlying haematological malignancy was associated with disseminated infection (OR 3.86; 95% CI 1.78-8.37; p 0.001), whereas previous solid organ transplantation was associated with pulmonary (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.50-6.82; p 0.003), gastrointestinal (OR 4.47; 95% CI 1.69-11.80; p 0.003), or disseminated (OR 4.20; 95% CI 1.68-10.46; p 0.002) mucormycosis. Eight genera (24 species) of Mucorales organisms were identified in 447/851 (53%) cases, of which Rhizopus spp. (213/447, 48%) was the most common. Compared with other genera, Rhizopus spp. was predominantly observed in patients with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (75/213, 35% versus 34/234, 15%; p < 0.001). Death was reported in 389/851 (46%) patients. Mortality associated with Cunninghamella infections was significantly higher than those caused by other Mucorales (23/30, 71% versus 185/417, 44%; p < 0.001). However, Cunninghamella spp. were isolated primarily in patients with pulmonary (17/30, 57%) or disseminated disease (10/30, 33%).
CONCLUSIONS
Findings from the current review have helped ascertain the association between various manifestations of mucormycosis, their respective predisposing factors and causative organisms.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Mucorales; Mucormycosis; Rhizopus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30036666
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.011 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2019Orbital lymphangiomas are a subset of localized vascular and lymphatic malformations, which most commonly occur in the head and neck region. Orbital lymphangiomas...
BACKGROUND
Orbital lymphangiomas are a subset of localized vascular and lymphatic malformations, which most commonly occur in the head and neck region. Orbital lymphangiomas typically present in the first decade of life with signs of ptosis, proptosis, restriction of ocular motility, compressive optic neuropathy, and disfigurement. Therefore, early and effective treatment is crucial to preserving vision. Due to proximity to vital structures, such as the globe, optic nerve, and extraocular muscles, treatment for these lesions is complicated and includes a large array of approaches including observation, sclerotherapy, systemic therapy, and surgical excision. Of these options, there is no clear gold standard of treatment.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the evidence supporting medical and surgical interventions for the reduction/treatment of orbital lymphangiomas in children and young adults.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2018, Issue 5); Ovid MEDLINE; Embase.com; PubMed; Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS); ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic search for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 22 May 2018.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing at least two of the following interventions with each other for the treatment of orbital lymphangiomas: observation; sildenafil therapy; sirolimus therapy; sclerotherapy; surgery (partial or complete resection). We planned to include trials that enrolled children and adults up to 32 years of age, based on a prior clinical trial protocol. There were no restrictions regarding location or demographic factors.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full articles to assess their suitability for inclusion in this review. No risk of bias or data extraction was performed because we did not find any trials for inclusion. If there had been RCTs, two authors would have assessed the risk of bias and abstracted data independently with discrepancies being settled by consensus or consultation with a third review author.
MAIN RESULTS
There were no RCTs that compared any two of the mentioned interventions (medical or surgical) for treating orbital lymphangiomas in children and young adults.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Currently, there are no published RCTs of orbital lymphangioma treatments. Without these types of studies, conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the effectiveness of the medical and surgical treatment options for patients with orbital lymphangiomas. The presence of only case reports and case series on orbital lymphangiomas makes it clear that RCTs are needed to address the differences between these options and help guide treatment plans. Such trials would ideally compare outcomes between individuals randomized to one of the following treatment options: observation, sclerotherapy, systemic sirolimus therapy, systemic sildenafil therapy, and surgical excision.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Humans; Lymphangioma; Orbital Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31094450
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013000.pub2 -
Journal of Current Ophthalmology Mar 2018Ameloblastoma is a non-encapsulated and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence rate. Orbital involvement by this neoplasm is an extremely rare entity. In this study, we... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Ameloblastoma is a non-encapsulated and slow-growing tumor with high recurrence rate. Orbital involvement by this neoplasm is an extremely rare entity. In this study, we present a systematic review on this situation along with clinical and paraclinical features of a case.
METHODS
An electronic search was conducted on major medical sources. Data of the cases in the literature in addition to our own case were extracted, summarized, and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 36 other cases from 20 relevant studies were also reviewed. Review topics included epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathologic features, differential diagnosis, imaging, treatment, and prognosis. We provided a five-year history of a 50-year-old man with orbital/skull base invasion of plexiform maxillary ameloblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Maxillary ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive neoplasm, and physicians must be alert to the biologic behavior of this tumor to detect any invasion to critical structures such as orbit and cranium. Orbital ameloblastoma causes significant morbidity and mortality. We advocate meticulous patient follow-up with regular clinical examinations and paraclinical work-up for timely detection of any invasion or recurrence. The best must be done to avoid extensions by aggressive removal of maxillary ameloblastoma.
PubMed: 29564405
DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2017.09.001 -
International Forum of Allergy &... May 2021The Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) classification system was developed to standardize prospective outcome analysis following orbital... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) classification system was developed to standardize prospective outcome analysis following orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) resection. The goal of this study was to retroactively apply the CHEER system to all prior existing reports of endoscopic resection of primary benign orbital tumors (BOTs) to: (1) compare patient presentations, perioperative characteristics, and outcomes between OCH and other BOTs; and (2) determine whether the CHEER categorization regime could be expanded to other BOTs.
METHODS
A systematic review of studies reporting exclusively endoscopic resections of OCH and other BOTs (eg, solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma, and meningioma) was performed. Patient, tumor characteristics, and operative outcomes were recorded. All tumors with adequate reporting were retrospectively assigned a CHEER stage. Outcomes were compared using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests.
RESULTS
Ninety-three studies met inclusion criteria, and sufficient data were available in 36 studies, comprising 105 tumors (n = 87 OCHs; n = 18 other BOTs). Baseline patient and tumor characteristics, as well as intraoperative and short-term postoperative outcomes were not significantly different between OCHs and other BOTs. Long-term outcomes (eg, visual deficits, diplopia, eye position, and recurrence) also did not differ when controlling for CHEER stage.
CONCLUSION
This review represents the largest collection of outcomes data following exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of BOTs. Short-term and long-term outcomes appear similar between OCHs and other BOTs. These results suggest that exclusively endoscopic resection of orbital tumors may be effective in a range of benign pathologies. Furthermore, these results support a broader application of the CHEER system to other benign primary orbital tumors.
Topics: Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Orbital Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33350602
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22745 -
Neurosurgical Review Oct 2023Following meningioma removal, there are numerous methods available for reconstructing the orbital wall. This systematic review seeks to summarize the published data on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Following meningioma removal, there are numerous methods available for reconstructing the orbital wall. This systematic review seeks to summarize the published data on the surgical treatment of cranioorbital meningiomas, and to analyze the effectiveness and safety of various techniques and materials used for the reconstruction of bony orbital walls. We conducted a search of the two databases and included original articles with a series of 10 or more cases. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of individual patient date were performed. The analysis included a total of 858 patients from 29 sources. No reconstruction of the orbital walls was performed in 525 patients (61.2%), while 333 observations (38.8%) involved resection followed by reconstruction. A relative improvement in eye position was achieved in 94.4% of cases with a 95% CI of (88.92%; 97.25%). However, normalization of eye position, regardless of reconstruction technique, was only present in 6.22% of cases with a 95% CI of (1.24%; 25.9%). The best results were observed with the use of autologous bone implants (64%, 95% CI [33.35%; 86.33%]) and titanium implants (55.78%, 95% CI [2.86%; 98.18%]). In cases of endoscopic resection and microsurgical resection without reconstruction, symmetrical eye position accounted for only 1.94% (95% CI [0%; 96.71%]) and 2.35% (95% CI [0.13%; 31.23%]), respectively. The frequency of normalization of eye position differed significantly (p < 0.01) among the subgroups. A total of 49 postoperative complications were registered, with wound infection (1.52%, 95% CI [0.86%; 2.65%]) and wound cerebrospinal fluid leak (1.32%, 95% CI [0.6%; 2.91%]) being the most frequent. No significant differences were found in the rates of complications among the different subgroups. One of the primary objectives of cranioorbital meningioma surgery is to correct the position of the eye. Simultaneous reconstruction of the bony orbital leads to better cosmetic outcomes. Postoperative complications did not depend on the reconstructive technique or the materials.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Postoperative Complications; Endoscopy; Prostheses and Implants; Meningeal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37831295
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02178-y -
International Forum of Allergy &... Jul 2024Sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) frequently present with orbital invasion. Orbital exenteration (OE) can lead to significant morbidity. Induction chemotherapy (IC) is a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) frequently present with orbital invasion. Orbital exenteration (OE) can lead to significant morbidity. Induction chemotherapy (IC) is a promising treatment alternative that may allow for orbit preserving (OP) treatments without compromising patient survival. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the published data on SNM patients with orbital invasion who underwent IC, including tumor response, orbital outcomes, and survival.
METHODS
The study protocol was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Databases Embase, Cochrane, Medline, and Scopus, from inception to July 17, 2023, were searched.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies were included, encompassing 305 SNM patients with orbital invasion treated with IC. Fourteen studies reported an overall IC response rate (positive response defined as complete or partial tumor volume reduction) of 77.2%. Among included studies, OE rates after IC ranged from 0 to 40%. Three studies reported a high rate of posttreatment functional orbital preservation (89.8-96.0%). Five studies specifically reported that 62.5% (60 out of 96) of patients were downgraded from planned OE to OP treatment following IC. Three studies reported a significant overall survival (OS) improvement in IC responders versus IC nonresponders. Following IC, 5-year OS ranged from 44.2 to 55.5%. Patients with olfactory neuroblastoma demonstrated the highest IC response rate and lowest OE rate (100 and 0%, respectively) versus those with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (68.4 and 0%) or squamous cell carcinomas (76.7 and 16%).
CONCLUSIONS
For select patients, IC may allow for OP in locally advanced SNMs with orbital involvement.
Topics: Humans; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Induction Chemotherapy; Orbital Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Treatment Outcome; Orbit
PubMed: 38829173
DOI: 10.1002/alr.23380 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of orbital osteomas in the pediatric age group, and compare these to...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of orbital osteomas in the pediatric age group, and compare these to osteomas managed in the adult population.
METHODS
A retrospective review of 3 cases of rapidly progressive orbital osteomas in young patients was performed. In addition, a systematic review of the literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of orbital osteomas in the pediatric age group. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched in December 2019 for studies reporting data on patients with orbital osteomas.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine patients were included in this pediatric review, 39 male patients (68%), 18 female patients (32%), and 2 cases with unreported genders. Average age was 15.9 years with a range of 4-21 years. Average osteoma size measured 30.7 mm with a range of 9-60 mm. Adult osteoma size for comparison was smaller than 10 mm in majority of cases. The most common location of pediatric osteomas was the ethmoid sinus. The frontal sinus was the most common location in adult patients. Ninety-seven percent of reported pediatric cases required surgical intervention, compared with only 6.5% in adults.
CONCLUSIONS
Orbital osteomas in younger patients are larger when identified, grow faster, are more likely to be symptomatic, and more likely to require surgical intervention compared with those identified in older patients. We recommend close monitoring of osteomas identified in young patients as well as counseling regarding the potential need for future resection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Endoscopy; Female; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Male; Osteoma; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 32932409
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001755 -
Biomedicines Feb 2024The ocular involvement of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is uncommon and mainly represented by metastases from gastrointestinal and lung neuroendocrine tumors. Primary... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The ocular involvement of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is uncommon and mainly represented by metastases from gastrointestinal and lung neuroendocrine tumors. Primary orbital NENs are even less common and their diagnostic and therapeutic management is a challenge.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted from 1966 to September 2023 on PubMed to identify articles on orbital NENs and to summarize their clinical-pathological features, diagnosis and therapeutic management. Furthermore, we presented a case of a locally advanced retro-orbital primary neuroendocrine tumor that was referred to the certified Center of Excellence of Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
RESULTS
The final analysis included 63 records on orbital NENs and 11 records focused on primary orbital NENs. The localization was mostly unilateral and in the right orbit; proptosis or exophthalmos represented the initial symptoms. The diagnostic work-up and therapeutic management was discussed and a diagnostic algorithm for the suspicion of primary orbital NENs was proposed.
CONCLUSIONS
A multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of primary orbital NENs, emphasizing the importance of early referral to dedicated centers for prompt differential diagnosis, tailored treatment, and an improved quality of life and survival.
PubMed: 38397981
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020379 -
World Neurosurgery Aug 2023The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) is a minimally invasive approach that could be particularly appropriate for management of spheno-orbital meningiomas. The aim... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) is a minimally invasive approach that could be particularly appropriate for management of spheno-orbital meningiomas. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the management of spheno-orbital meningiomas via the minimally invasive ETOA, searching for clinical scenarios in which this approach could be best indicated. A secondary aim was to describe 4 illustrative cases.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data including patient demographics, tumor features, and surgical and postoperative outcomes were collected. Cases from our initial experience with ETOA were included in the data.
RESULTS
Data of 58 patients from 9 selected records and from our surgical series were collected. Subtotal, near-total, and gross total resection rates were 44.8%, 10.3%, and 32.7%, respectively. Symptom improvement after surgery was 100% for proptosis, 93% for visual impairment, and 87% for ophthalmoplegia. The most common postoperative complications were transient ophthalmoplegia and maxillary nerve hypoesthesia. Cerebrospinal fluid leak was reported in 2 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the use of the ETOA for management of spheno-orbital meningiomas, particularly in at least 3 clinical scenarios: 1) when predominant hyperostotic bone is present; 2) when a globular tumor not showing excessive medial or inferior infiltration is being treated; 3) as part of a multistage treatment for diffuse lesions.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Sphenoid Bone; Endoscopy; Neurosurgical Procedures; Meningeal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37024084
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.126 -
International Forum of Allergy &... May 2017Oncocytomas and oncocytic carcinomas are rare tumors of the sinonasal cavity with the propensity for local invasion. This report and systematic review details a case of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oncocytomas and oncocytic carcinomas are rare tumors of the sinonasal cavity with the propensity for local invasion. This report and systematic review details a case of a nasal oncocytoma involving the lacrimal sac and provides an update of the current literature.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed and Ovid databases. The data obtained from published articles with sinonasal oncocytoma/oncocytic carcinoma as the primary diagnosis included patient demographics, presentation, radiographic and histologic findings, management, and recurrence rates.
RESULTS
Twenty cases were identified. The most common symptoms were epistaxis (n = 11) and nasal obstruction (n = 11). Involvement of the nasal cavity was most common (n = 17), followed by the paranasal sinuses (n = 13) and nasolacrimal apparatus (n = 4). Recurrence occurred in 55% of cases. Recurrence was associated with invasion or infiltration found on histology or the presence of both invasion/infiltration and mitotic figures/pleomorphism (p < 0.05), with no significant relationship between recurrence and age at diagnosis (p = 0.42), sex (p = 0.65), and location of tumor (p = 0.14). The authors present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a 5-month history of worsening epistaxis and biopsy-proven oncocytoma. Complete surgical resection of the tumor using combined endonasal endoscopic and anterior orbitotomy approach is described.
CONCLUSION
Oncocytomas and oncocytic carcinomas are rare tumors of the sinonasal cavity with a high rate of local recurrence and orbital involvement. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and complete resection can be achieved with an endoscopic endonasal approach.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Carcinoma; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
PubMed: 28092140
DOI: 10.1002/alr.21902